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Guiney, Ciara (2021) Debts, threats, distress, and hope: drug-related intimidation in Dublin’s north east inner city. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 77, Spring 2021 , pp. 26-29.

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Kilian, Carolin and Rehm, Jürgen and Allebeck, Peter and Braddick, Fleur and Gual, Antoni and Barták, Miroslav and Bloomfield, Kim and Gil, Artyom and Nieufield, Maria and O'Donnell, Amy and Petruželka, Benjamin and Rogalewicz, Vladimir and Schulte, Bernd and Manthey, Jakob (2021) Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a large-scale cross-sectional study in 21 countries. Addiction , 116 , (12) , pp. 3369-3380.

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Aubry, Tim and Bloch, Gary and Brcic, Vanessa and Saad, Ammar and Magwood, Olivia and Abdalla, Tasnim and Alkhateeb, Qasem and Xie, Edward and Mathew, Christine and Hannigan, Terry and Costello, Chris and Thavorn, Kednapa and Stergiopoulos, Vicky and Tugwell, Peter and Pottie, Kevin (2020) Effectiveness of permanent supportive housing and income assistance interventions for homeless individuals in high-income countries: a systematic review. The Lancet Public Health , 5 , (6) , e342-e360.

Håkansson, A (2020) Role of gambling in payback failure in consumer credit-data from a large body of material regarding consumer loan recipients in Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 17 , (8) .

Balbo, Nicoletta and Carpella, Piergiorgio and Toffolutti, Veronica (2020) Trends in the use of mind-altering drugs among European adolescents during the Great Recession. Health Policy , 124 , (5) , pp. 568-574.

Auer, Michael and Hopfgartner, Niklas and Griffiths, Mark D (2020) The effects of voluntary deposit limit-setting on long-term online gambling expenditure. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking , 23 , (2) , pp. 113-118.

Richardson, Elizabeth and Fenton, Lynda and Parkinson, Jane and Pulford, Andrew and Taulbut, Martin and McCartney, Gerry and Robinson, Mark (2020) The effect of income-based policies on mortality inequalities in Scotland: a modelling study. The Lancet , 5 , (3) .

Day, Brendan and Rosenthal, Geoffrey and Adetunji, Fiyinfolu and Monaghan, Andrea and Scheele, Christina and Tracy, J Kathleen (2020) Evaluating for differences by race/ethnicity in the association between income and gambling disorder. Journal of Gambling Studies , 36 , pp. 1093-1105.

Håkansson, Anders and Widinghoff, Carolina (2020) Over-indebtedness and problem gambling in a general population sample of online gamblers. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 11 , p. 7.

Bhai, Moiz (2019) The earning losses of smokers. IZA Journal of Labor Economics , 9 , (1) .

Boyd, Jade and Richardson, Lindsey and Anderson, Solanna and Kerr, Thomas and Small, Will and McNeil, Ryan (2018) Transitions in income generation among marginalized people who use drugs: a qualitative study on recycling and vulnerability to violence. International Journal of Drug Policy , 59 , pp. 36-43.

Columb, D and O'Gara, C (2018) A national survey of online gambling behaviours. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , 35 , (4) , pp. 311-319.

Bosque-Prous, Marina and Kuipers, Mirte AG and Espelt, Albert and Richter, Matthias and Rimpelä, Arja and Perelman, Julian and Federico, Bruno and Brugal, M Teresa and Lorant, Vincent and Kunst, Anton E (2017) Adolescent alcohol use and parental and adolescent socioeconomic position in six European cities. BMC Public Health , 17 , (646) .

Ormond, Gillian and Murphy, R (2016) The effect of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland. Alcohol , 56 , pp. 39-49.

Galvin, Brian (2016) The drugs market and intimidation. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 57, Spring 2016 , pp. 19-20.

Eakins, John (2016) Household gambling expenditures and the Irish recession. International Gambling Studies , 16 , (2) , pp. 211-230.

Butler, Shane and Hope, Ann (2015) Ireland’s financial crisis and its influence on alcohol and drug issues. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , 32 , (6) , pp. 623-628.

Connolly, Johnny (2014) Drug-related intimidation and community violence. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 51, Autumn 2014 , pp. 17-18.

Connolly, Johnny (2014) Melting the iceberg of fear – drug-related intimidation in Blanchardstown. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 48, Winter 2013 , p. 13.

Connolly, Johnny (2011) CityWide conference discusses drug-related intimidation. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 36, Winter 2010 , pp. 24-25.

Connolly, Johnny (2011) Citywide conference on drug-related intimidation. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 38, Summer 2011 , pp. 1-3.

Connolly, Johnny (2010) Debt-related intimidation of drug users and their families. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 33, Spring 2010 , p. 18.

Quigley, Paul A and Usher, C and Bennett, K and Feely, J (2006) Socioeconomic influences on benzodiazepine consumption in an Irish region. European Addiction Research , 12 , (3) , pp. 145-150.

Report

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Sprong, Stefanie and Maitre, Bertrand (2023) Thematic report on poverty and social inclusion indicators. Poverty and social inclusion indicators in the roadmap for social inclusion 2020–2025 in comparative perspective covering 2018–2021. Dublin: Department of Social Protection.

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Smith, Lauren (2022) “Surviving, not living”: lived experiences of crime and gambling. London: Commission on Crime and Gambling Related Harms.

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Whetton, Steve and Tait, Robert J and Gilmore, William and Dey, Tania and Agramunt, Seraina and Abdul Halim, Suraya and McEntee, Alice and Mukhtar, Aquif and Roche, Ann and Allsop, Steve and Chikritzhs, Tanya (2021) Examining the social and economic costs of alcohol use in Australia 2017/18. Perth, WA: National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University.

Rockloff, Matthew and Bellringer, Maria E and Lowe, Giulia and Armstrong, Tess and Browne, Matthew and Palmer Du Preez, Katie and Russell, Alex and Hing, Nerilee and Greer, Nancy (2021) Life course and legacy gambling harms in New Zealand. Auckland: Central Queensland University and Auckland University of Technology.

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Montague, Andrew (2021) Ballymun – a brighter future. A plan to tackle the underlying causes of addiction and crime and to tackle open drug dealing. Dublin: Ballymun Local Drugs and Alcohol Task Force.

Kerr, Aphra and O'Brennan, John and Vazquez Mendoza, Lucia (2021) Gambling trends, harms and responses: Ireland in an international context. Dublin: Gambling Awareness Trust.

McCreery, Sarahjane and Keane, Marcus and Bowden, Matthew (2021) Debts, threats, distress and hope: towards understanding drug-related intimidation in Dublin’s North East Inner City. Dublin: Ana Liffey Drug Project.

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Johnston, Sophie (2020) A working life. Cork: Cork Simon Community.

Christine Buckley Centre for Education and Support, Barnardos Origins & Tracing, Caranua, One in Four, HSE National Counselling Service, Right of Place Second Chance, Towards Healing. (2020) Facing the future together conference report 2020. Dublin: .

Chan, Brian and Gean, Emily and Arkhipova-Jenkins, Irina and Gilbert, Jennifer and Hilgart, Jennifer and Fiordalisi, Celia and Hubbard, Kimberly and Brandt, Irene and Stoeger, Elizabeth and Paynter, Robin and Korthuis, P Todd and Guise, Jeanne-Marie (2020) Retention strategies for medications for addiction treatment in adults with opioid use disorder: a rapid evidence review. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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Kelly, Kathyan (2019) Substance misuse issues in Dublin’s north east inner city. A community-based needs analysis. Dublin: North Inner City Drug and Alcohol Task Force.

Nixon, Elizabeth and Layte, Richard and Thornton, Maeve (2019) Growing up in Ireland: The effects of economic recession and family stress on the adjustment of 3-year-olds in Ireland. Infant cohort, report 8. Dublin: Stationery Office.

O'Flynn, Alice (2019) Findings from a study on how families are affected by substance misuse in the North East Region of Ireland. Dundalk: Family Addiction Support Network.

ESRI and Trinity College Dublin. (2018) Growing up in Ireland. Key findings: cohort ’08 at 9 years old. Dublin: ESRI; Trinity College Dublin; and Department of Youth and Community Affairs.

Hope, Ann and Barry, Joseph and Byrne, Sean (2018) The untold story: harms experienced in the Irish population due to others’ drinking. Dublin: Health Service Executive.

Seria-Walker, Emma (2018) Evidence review: adults with complex needs (with a particular focus on street begging and street sleeping). London: Public Health England.

Nash, Emily and MacAndrews, Nick and Edwards, Sue (2018) Out of luck. An exploration of the causes and impacts of problem gambling. London: Citizens Advice.

United Kingdom. Department for Work and Pensions. (2017) Improving lives: helping workless families. London: Department of Work and Pensions.

O'Flynn, Alice (2016) Time for change: a research study on begging in Dublin City Centre. Dublin: Ana Liffey Drug Project.

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Ruhama. (2015) Ruhama annual report 2014. Dublin: Ruhama.

Jennings, Philip (2015) Melting the iceberg of fear: a collective response to anti-social behaviour, drugs misuse, criminal activity and drug debt intimidation. Dublin: Safer Blanchardstown.

Walsh, Kathy and Harvey, Brian (2015) Family experiences of pathways into homelessness. Dublin: The Housing Agency.

Watson, Dorothy and Maitre, Bertrand and Whelan, Christopher T and Williams, James (2014) Dynamics of child economic vulnerability and socio-emotional development: an analysis of the first two waves of the growing up in Ireland study. Dublin: Department of Children and Youth Affairs.

Swords, Lorraine and Merriman, Brian and O’Donnell, Michelle (2013) Family wellbeing on a limited income: a study of families living at risk of poverty in Ireland. Dublin: Family Support Agency.

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O'Leary, Megan (2009) Intimidation of families. Dublin: Family Support Network.

FactSheet

HRB National Drugs Library. (2024) Factsheet: Gambling - the Irish situation. Dublin: Health Research Board.

HBSC Ireland Team. Callaghan, Mary (2010) Food poverty among schoolchildren in Ireland. HBSC Ireland. Research factsheet no. 13. Dublin: HBSC Ireland.

Dail Debates

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1134, 1135 – Drug dealing [intimidation] [1706/1707/24]. (17 Jan 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Questions 5 & 12 Taoiseach's communications [drugs policy] [30915/23] [32556/23]. (04 Jul 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann Debate. Written answer 580 – Cannabis for medical use [11037/23]. (07 Mar 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 13 - Drug dealing [Intimidation] [60618/22]. (06 Dec 2022)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answers 317 & 62 - Departmental projects & Crime prevention [Intimidation] [51618/22 & 52410/22]. (20 Oct 2022)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 154 – Drug dealing [Drug-related intimidation] [58050/21]. (25 Nov 2021)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Counterfeiting Bill 2020: Second Stage. (11 Feb 2021)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) (Amendment) Bill 2020 [Seanad]: Second Stage (Resumed). (03 Feb 2021)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 24 - Garda operations [2164/15]. (19 Feb 2015)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 454 - Drug treatment programmes funding [23138/14]. (27 May 2014)

Book Section

Service User Rights in Action (SURIA). (2019) Voices of the silenced and the ignored - an analysis by the Service Users Rights in Action Group. In: Does it only happen to me? Living in the shadows of socio-economic discrimination. Dublin: ATD Ireland .

Conference or Workshop Item

Connolly, Johnny (2010) Community responses to issues of safety and intimidation. In: Community drugs problem: defining the problem - defending the responses conference, 15 October 2010, Dublin.

O'Leary, Megan (2010) Intimidation of families. In: Community drugs problem: defining the problem - defending the responses conference, 15 October 2010, Dublin.

Thesis

Glynn, Natalie (2020) Negotiating uncertainty and earning respect: a qualitative, longitudinal study of young people ageing out of state care in Ireland. PhD thesis, Trinity College Dublin.

Ormond, Gillian (2014) Alcohol, income and health: a complicated but desirable mix. PhD thesis, University College Cork.

Video

Scottish Drugs Forum. (2022) MAT standard 8 - towards implementation: the MAT standards webinar series. All people have access to independent advocacy and support for housing, welfare and income needs. Scottish Drugs Forum.

Dataset

Pobal. (2023) Pobal open data and maps [Ireland].

Teaching Resource

Lown, JM (2011) The Financial Self-Efficacy Scale (FSES). Outcomes measurement tool: personal circumstances & needs – debt and finance.

Jacob, Katy (2002) Financial behavior. Outcomes measurement tool: personal circumstances & needs – debt and finance.

News

[The Guardian] , Kelly, Annie ‘We’re seeing firearms, arson, attacks on homes’: the families in the eye of Ireland’s cocaine storm. (16 Jun 2024)

[Irish Examiner] , Dunphy, Liz Drug-debt enforcers 'terrorising families in every county'. (06 Aug 2023)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Cormac O'Keeffe: Invest in frontline to help tackle street violence. (22 Jul 2023)

[thejournal.ie] , O'Cearbhaill, Muiris and Raleigh, David The 'hidden victims' of the hidden addiction: Problem gambling and its impact on family members. (04 Jun 2023)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Child, 8, used by gang to collect drug debts on bike. (29 May 2023)

[Irish Times] , Gallagher, Conor How drug debts are used to control Irish communities: ‘Men are forced to go to jail on someone’s behalf’. (01 Apr 2023)

[Irish Times] , Power, Jack Families pressured to remortgage homes over drug debts, says senior garda. (17 Jan 2023)

[Irish Times] , Power, Jack Nearly 200 reports of drug-related intimidation in north Dublin. (16 Jan 2023)

[Irish Times] , Dalton, Eoghan Addiction and drug debts wreak havoc on community. (04 Jul 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Almost 290 drug intimidation cases reported in Dublin last year. (26 Jan 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Women being forced into sex to pay drug debts as intimidation rises. (27 Nov 2021)

[Irish Examiner] , Murray, Sean Drug-related intimidation 'normalised' way of resolving disputes, seminar hears. (17 Nov 2021)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac 'He owed money and these people wanted money': drugs, debts and the silent toll on families. (18 Sep 2021)

[thejournal.ie] , Farrell, Sinead 'I'd be going back to my normal life and the phone calls from people that I owed money to'. (28 Apr 2021)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Hostile takeovers: dealers sell from the homes of vulnerable addicts. (17 Apr 2021)

[Irish Times] , Lally, Conor Gangs targeting young people and their accounts to move money, gardaí warn. (12 Mar 2021)

[Irish Times] , Lally, Conor Dublin's north inner city: Hospital records to help analyse 'violence as disease'. (08 Feb 2021)

Ana Liffey Drug Project. [Ana Liffey Drug Project] Report highlights need to work together to address drug-related intimidation. (26 Jan 2021)

[Irish Examiner] , Dunphy, Liz Drug dealers calling in €30k drug debts from Cork families. (15 May 2020)

[Southern Star] , O'Mahony, Kieran West Corks cocaine wars (part 1). (11 May 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Status and money pull youth into drugs trade. (23 Dec 2019)

[Independent.ie] , O'Keeffe, Alan Why this season of indulgence is a struggle for those with addictions. (23 Dec 2019)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Parents ‘want to keep heads down’ over drugs trade. (11 Nov 2019)

[Irish Examiner] , Baker, Noel Parents pay price for drug debts of children, says judge. (08 Jun 2019)

[Irish Times] , Gallagher, Conor Drug debts: First come bullets in the post. Then the family home is firebombed. (09 Feb 2019)

[thejournal.ie] , Hennessy, Michelle Dealers make violent threats against 12-year-olds over cannabis debt. (28 Jan 2019)

[thejournal.ie] , Dunphy, Shane A mother on drug crime in Ireland: 'When the dealers called to my door and wanted me to settle his debts, I’d had enough'. (07 Jan 2019)

[Independent.ie] , Keogh, Elaine People under threat from drug dealers should tell us - Garda chief. (20 Nov 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Sheehan, Maeve 'Fear stalks feud town as gangs 'tax' families over children's drug debts'. (18 Nov 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , MacNamee, Garreth Drug dealing criminals using bookmakers' online accounts to stash money. (19 Oct 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Hennessy, Michelle Ireland's gambling epidemic: 'Find a corner and you'll be left alone 'til you're penniless'. (01 Sep 2018)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Doherty, Caroline Majority of people know a problem drinker, report says. (17 Apr 2018)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac ‘Zero tolerance’by gangs to all drug debt. (16 Oct 2017)

[Dublin People] , Gleeson, Jack Drug debt campaign needs funding. (19 Sep 2017)

[Irish Times] , Gallagher, Conor Some young people in Ballymun spend 150% of income on cannabis. (16 May 2017)

[thejournal.ie] , Barry, Aoife 'They can be in bed next to their partner, gambling away the rent'. (16 Jan 2017)

[Independent.ie] '1 in 3 people threatened over a drug debt is your Ma' - Hard-hitting campaign targets teens. (22 Dec 2016)

[RTE News] Majority of drug users do not report attacks - report. (16 Feb 2016)

[Irish Examiner] Study reveals 75% of people do not report intimidation by drug gangs. (12 Nov 2015)

[Independent.ie] , O'Faherty, Jane 75pc of people who experienced drug intimidation did not report the incident to gardai. (12 Nov 2015)

[thejournal.ie] , Bodkin, Peter A bad hangover won’t just hurt your head – it’s damaging the country as well. (19 Oct 2015)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Dependent cannabis users spending €700 a week. (18 Oct 2015)

[Independent.ie] , Fegan, Joyce Drug debt is now a huge issue for Irish teens, warns leading psychiatrist. (09 Aug 2015)

[thejournal.ie] , MacGuill, Dan “Horrific”: Gangs passing drug debts on to families bereaved by suicide. (11 Dec 2014)

[Irish Examiner] , McEnroe, Juno Middle classes ‘are aiding drug barons’. (01 Aug 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Lack of money prevents addicts seeking help. (15 Jul 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Initiative to tackle drug-debt bullying by dealers. (02 Jul 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , Baker, Noel Drug debt teens threatened with guns. (17 Jun 2013)

[Herald.ie] , Feehan, Conor Dealers forcing parents to pay for drug debts. (10 May 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , Baker, Noel Cannabis drug debts leading to suicide. (25 Mar 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , Baker, Noel Intimidation over drug debts on rise. (04 Mar 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Help for families intimidated by dealers. (05 Feb 2013)

[Irish Examiner] , Ring, Evelyn Money and family worries top Samaritans’ survey. (29 Dec 2012)

[Irish Medical Times] , Connors, Aoife Recession causing surge in drug and alcohol abuse. (18 Nov 2010)