This research explored the full impacts of gambling harm using novel methods that explicitly capture legacy, life course, and intergenerational gambling harms.

These harms constitute a large component of the overall burden of harm on individuals, which was estimated, dependent on the method, to be either 19.4% or 23.7% of total impacts on health and wellbeing. Acute financial harms, neglecting whānau and family responsibilities, and physical harm from family violence or personal injury were relatively more short-lived than other harms.

Once a harm from gambling is experienced, however, there were no identifiable differences amongst ethnicities in whether these harms continued. Importantly, qualitative results also indicate that attention must be paid to how these gambling harms affect communities, impact on cultural practices, and perpetuate inequalities. There was recognition of poor resourcing for addressing legacy harms relative to crisis level harm.