Article

Myers, Graysen and Burd, Michael and Klug, Marilyn G and Popova, Svetlana and Burd, Larry (2025) Comparing rates of agreement between different diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 49 , (1) , pp. 81-91.

Kerimofski, Katherine L and Panton, Kirsten R and Tan, Grace Kuen Yee and Pestell, Carmela F (2025) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder identification in Australia: a qualitative analysis of perspectives from psychologists and individuals with lived and living experience. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 49 , (2) , pp. 1042-1052.

Tsang, Tracey W and Rosenblatt, Daniel H and Parta, Indra and Elliott, Elizabeth J (2025) Estimating the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review , 44 , (5) , pp. 1522-1525.

Howlett, Helen (2024) An introduction to Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). IAS Blog .

Suttie, Michael and Kable, Julie and Mahnke, Amanda H and Bandoli, Gretchen (2024) Machine learning approaches to the identification of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure: a narrative review. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (4) , pp. 585-595.

Mitchell, JM and Keenan, O and Fakhoury, A and Fitzgerald, D and Mohamad, MM and Imcha, M (2024) Is perinatal substance abuse falling through the cracks? Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , 40 , (4) , pp. 584-587.

Gerstner, Thorsten and Henning, Oliver and Løhaugen, Gro and Skranes, Jon (2024) Frequency of epilepsy and pathological EEG findings in a Norwegian sample of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: impact on cognition and adaptive functioning. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (2) , pp. 309-318.

Kerimofski, Katherine L and Panton, Kirsten R and Pestell, Carmela F (2024) Australian psychologists' knowledge, confidence, and practices in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic assessment. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (4) , pp. 653-666.

Popova, Svetlana and Dozet, Danijela and Temple, Valerie and McFarlane, Audrey and Cook, Jocelynn and Burd, Larry (2024) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic clinic capacity in Canadian Provinces and territories. PLoS ONE , 19 , (4) .

Parker, Michelle and May, Philip A and Marais, Anna-Susan and de Vries, Marlene and Kalberg, Wendy O and Buckley, David and Hasken, Julie and Hoyme, H Eugene and Seedat, Soraya (2024) Influence of childhood trauma and traumatic stress on a woman's risk of having a child with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (6) , pp. 1176-1188.

Gault, Siann and Gnat, Lauren and Fletcher, Paula C and Kirst, Maritt and MacDonald, Robert and Morton Ninomiya, Melody E (2024) Current and ideal living arrangements and supports for Canadian adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)-Part I: perspectives from adults with FASD. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (7) , pp. 1360-1370.

Gault, Siann and Gnat, Lauren and Fletcher, Paula C and Kirst, Maritt and O'Neill, Lauren and MacDonald, Robert and Ninomiya, Melody E Morton (2024) Current and ideal living arrangements and supports for Canadian adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Part II- perspectives from caregivers. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (7) , pp. 1371-1382.

Tanfield, Yasmin and Burrows, Kathy and Middllemiss, Megan (2024) Assessing and supporting children and young people with probable or diagnosed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: the experience of clinicians working within child and adolescent mental health services. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 48 , (9) , pp. 1753-1763.

Holman, Parker J and Raineki, Charlis (2023) Prenatal alcohol exposure and early-life adversity: a translational perspective for dissecting compounding impacts. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 47 , (12) , pp. 2227-2230.

Hayes, Nicole and Bagley, Kerryn and Hewlett, Nicole and Elliott, Elizabeth J and Pestell, Carmela F and Gullo, Matthew J and Munn, Zachary and Middleton, Philippa and Walker, Prue and Till, Haydn and Shanley, Dianne C and Young, Sophia L and Boaden, Nirosha and Hutchinson, Delyse and Kippin, Natalie R and Finlay-Jones, Amy and Friend, Rowena and Shelton, Doug and Crichton, Alison and Reid, Natasha (2023) Lived experiences of the diagnostic assessment process for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 47 , (7) , pp. 1209-1223.

Das, Ujjal and Gangisetty, Omkaram and Chaudhary, Shaista and Tarale, Prashant and Rousseau, Bénédicte and Price, Julianne and Frazier, Ian and Sarkar, Dipak K (2023) Epigenetic insight into effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on stress axis development: systematic review with meta-analytic approaches. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 47 , (1) , pp. 18-35.

Popova, Svetlana and Charness, Michael E and Burd, Larry and Crawford, Andi and Hoyme, H Eugene and Mukherjee, Raja AS and Riley, Edward P and Elliott, Elizabeth J (2023) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Nature Reviews Disease Primers , 9 .

Mattson, Sarah N and Jones, Kenneth Lyons and Chockalingam, Ganz and Wozniak, Jeffrey R and Hyland, Matthew T and Courchesne-Krak, Natasia S and Del Campo, Miguel and Riley, Edward P (2023) Validation of the FASD-Tree as a screening tool for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 47 , (2) , pp. 263-272.

Sambo, Danielle and Goldman, David (2023) Genetic influences on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Genes , 14 , (1) .

Dozet, Danijela and Burd, Larry and Popova, Svetlana (2023) Screening for alcohol use in pregnancy: a review of current practices and perspectives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction , 21 , (2) , pp. 1220-1239.

Wolfson, Lindsay and Poole, Nancy (2023) Supportive alcohol policy as a key element of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention. Women's Health , 19 .

McLachlan, Kaitlyn and Minhas, Meenu and Ritter, Chantel and Kennedy, Kathleen and Joly, Vannesa and Faitakis, Martina and Cook, Jocelynn and Unsworth, Kathy and MacKillop, James and Pei, Jacqueline (2023) Latent classes of neurodevelopmental profiles and needs in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 47 , (4) , pp. 772-785.

Dawe, Sharon and Eggins, Elizbeth and Betts, Joseph and Webster, Heidi and Pomario, Tania and Doak, Jessica and Chandler-Mather, Ned and Hatzis, Denise and Till, Haydn and Harnett, Paul and Wood, Andrew and Shelton, Doug (2023) An investigation of the utility of the Australian guide to the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in young children. Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research , 47 , (3) , pp. 486-500.

Burleigh, Charlotte Rebecca and Lynn, Richard and Verity, Chris and Winstone, Anne Marie and White, Simon R and Johnson, Kathryn (2023) Fetal alcohol syndrome in the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood , 108 , (10) , pp. 852-856.

Taylor, Annie and Whittaker, Anne and Chandler, Amy and Carnegie, Elaine (2023) Accounts of women identified as drinking at 'high risk' during pregnancy: A meta-ethnography of missing voices. International Journal of Drug Policy , 117 .

Kent, Nykola and Hayes, Nicole and Young, Sophia L and Vanderpeet, Chelsea and Shanley, Dianne C and Harris, Katrina and Pestell, Carmella and Elliott, Elizabeth J and Reid, Natasha (2023) Exploring resource implications and models of care for assessment and diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a scoping review. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 47 , (11) , pp. 2022-2032.

Reid, Natasha and Kent, Nykola and Hewlett, Nicole and Bagley, Kerryn and Tsang, Tracey W and Goldsbury, Sarah and Williams, Robyn and Akinson, Lisa and Holland, Lorelle and Vanderpeet, Chelsea and Doyle, Michael and Boaden, Nirosha and Hayes, Nicole (2023) Factors to be considered as part of a holistic assessment for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a scoping review. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 47 , (11) , pp. 2007-2021.

Hall, Trisha and Jackson, Patricia D and Sher, Jonathan (2022) Social work and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Iriss Insights , (68) .

Lee Betts, Joseph and Eggins, Elizabeth and Chandler-Mather, Ned and Shelton, Doug and Till, Haydn and Harnett, Paul and Dawe, Sharon (2022) Interventions for improving executive functions in children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Campbell Systematic Reviews , 18 , (4) .

Badry, Dorothy and Marcellus, Leonora and Choate, Peter (2022) An intersectionality-based policy analysis of Canadian child advocate reviews of infants, children and youth with prenatal substance exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in child welfare care. Journal of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder , 4 , e91-e115.

Plant, Moira (2022) Women, alcohol, pregnancy and FASD. QNIS Blog .

Roomaney, Imaan and Nyirenda, Clement and Chetty, Manogari (2022) Facial imaging to screen for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a scoping review. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 46 , (7) , pp. 1166-1180.

Gilbert, David J and Allely, Clare S and Mukherjee, Raja A S and Cook, Penny A (2022) Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and investigative interviewing: a systematic review highlighting clinical and legal implications and recommendations. Behavioral Sciences & the Law , 40 , (1) , pp. 170-185.

Lindinger, N M and Jacobson, J L and Dodge, N C and Malcolm-Smith, S and Molteno, C D and Meintjes, E and Jacobson, S W (2022) Stability and change in the interpretation of facial emotions in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adolescence. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 46 , (7) , pp. 1268-1281.

Alcohol Action Ireland. (2022) Alcohol: pregnancy and FASD. Alcohol Facts .

Flannigan, Katherine and Wrath, Andrew and Ritter, Chantel and McLachlan, Kaitlyn and Harding, Kelly D and Campbell, Alanna and Reid, Dorothy and Pei, Jacqueline (2021) Balancing the story of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a narrative review of the literature on strengths. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 45 , (12) , pp. 2448-2464.

McCarthy, Robyn and Mukherjee, Raja AS and Fleming, Kate M and Green, Jonathan and Clayton-Smith, Jill and Price, Alan D and Allely, Clare S and Cook, Penny A (2021) Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Greater Manchester, UK: An active case ascertainment study. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 45 , (11) , pp. 2271-2281.

Gilbert, David J and Mukherjee, Raja AS and Kassam, Nisha (2021) Exploring the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected to have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Adoption & Fostering .

Kippin, Natalie R and Leitão, Suze and Watkins, Rochelle and Finlay-Jones, Amy (2021) Oral and written communication skills of adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) compared with those with no/low PAE: a systematic review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders , 56 , (4) , pp. 694-718.

Reynolds, Róisín and Cook, Penny and McCarthy, Robyn (2021) A digital campaign to increase awareness of alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Perspectives in Public Health , 141 , (3) , pp. 124-126.

Eogan, Maeve and Gleeson, J and Ferguson, W and Jackson, V and Lawless, Marie and Cleary, Brian (2021) A decade of DOVE: multidisciplinary experience from an obstetrics addiction clinic. Irish Medical Journal , 114 , (5) , p. 352.

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Popova, Svetlana and Lange, Shannon and Probst, Charlotte and Gmel, Gerrit and Jehm, Jurgen (2017) Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health , 5 , (3) , e290-e299.

Gill, I and Sharif, F (2017) Out of sight, out of mind? A national survey of paediatricians in Ireland regarding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Irish Medical Journal , 110 , (3) , p. 528.

Lange, Shannon and Probst, Charlotte and Gmel, Gerrit (2017) Global prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics , 171 , (10) , pp. 948-956.

Young, Susan and Absoud, Michael and Blackburn, Carolyn and Branney, Polly and Colley, Bill and Farrag, Emad and Fleisher, Susan and Gregory, Ges and Gudjonsson, Gisli H and Kim, Keira and O'Malley, Kieran D and Plant, Moira and Rodriguez, Alina and Ozer, Susan and Takon, Inyang and Woodhouse, Emma and Mukherjee, Raja (2016) Guidelines for identification and treatment of individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and associated fetal alcohol spectrum disorders based upon expert consensus. BMC Psychiatry , 16 .

Williams, Janet F and Smith, Vincent C (2015) Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Clinical report: guidance for the clinician in rendering pediatric care. Pediatrics , 136 , (5) .

Mongan, Deirdre (2014) Alcohol consumption in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 48, Winter 2013 , pp. 14-15.

Brennan, Deirdre and Giles, Seamus (2014) Ocular involvement in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a review. Current Pharmaceutical Design , 20 , (34) , pp. 5377-5387.

McCarthy, Fergus P and O'Keefe, Linda M and Khashan, Ali S and North, Robyn A and Poston, Lucilla and McCowan, Lesley ME and Baker, Philip N and Dekker, Gus A and Roberts, Claire T and Walker, James T and Kenny, Louise C (2013) Association between maternal alcohol consumption in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology , 122 , (4) , pp. 830-837.

Murphy, Deidre J and Mullaly, Aoife and Cleary, Brian J and Fahey, Tom and Barry, Joseph (2013) Behavioural change in relation to alcohol exposure in early pregnancy and impact on perinatal outcomes - a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , 13 , (8) .

Hepper, Peter J and Dorman, James C and Lynch, Catherine (2012) Fetal brain function in response to maternal alcohol consumption: early evidence of damage. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 36 , (12) , pp. 2168-2175.

Mullally, Aoife and Cleary, Brian J and Barry, Joseph and Fahey, Tom and Murphy, Deidre J (2011) Prevalence, predictors and perinatal outcomes of peri-conceptional alcohol exposure - retrospective cohort study in an urban obstetric population in Ireland. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , 11 , p. 27.

Orakwue, Nneka and McNicholas, Fiona and O'Malley, Kieran (2010) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders -- an Irish perspective. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , 27 , (4) , i-v.

Bainbridge, Jane (2009) Women in Ireland drink the most alcohol in pregnancy. British Journal of Midwifery , 17 , (10) , p. 660.

Cousins, Wendy and Wells, Karen (2005) "One more for my baby": Foetal Alcohol Syndrome and its implications for social workers. Child Care in Practice , 11 , (3) , pp. 375-383.

Keating, Frank (2002) Fetal alcohol syndrome. Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies , 3 , (1) , pp. 69-83.

Report

Alcohol Action Ireland. (2025) Alcohol Action Ireland submission to the Department of Health on the development of a new National drugs strategy. Dublin: Alcohol Action Ireland.

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. (2024) Alcohol-specific deaths registered in Northern Ireland, 2023. Belfast: Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

San Lazaro Campillo, I and Manning, E and Corcoran, Paul and Keane, J and McKernan, J and Greene, RA (2024) Perinatal mortality national clinical audit in Ireland annual report 2022. Cork: National Perinatal Epidemiology Centre.

The National Organisation for FASD. (2024) Not commissioned: systemic confusion in NHS services for alcohol, pregnancy, & FASD. Hertfordshire: The National Organisation for FASD.

New Zealand Institute of Economic Research. (2024) Costs of alcohol harms in New Zealand: updating the evidence with recent research. A report for the Ministry of Health. Wellington: NZIER.

Andreasson, Sven and Chikritzhs, Tanya and Dangardt, Frida and Holder, Harold and Naimi, Timothy and Stockwell, Tim (2024) Alcohol and the brain. A review of international and Swedish research. Gothenburg: CERA, Svensk förening för allmänmedicin, Svensk sjuksköterskeförening, Stiftelsen Ansvar för Framtiden, Actis- Rusfeltets samarbeidsorgan, Alkohol & Samfund, Hela människan, Hjärnfonden, IOGT-NTO, IOGT i Norge, Junis, MA – Rusfri Trafikk, MHF Motorförarna.

FASD Ireland. (2024) FASD Ireland pre-budget submission 2025. Clare: FASD Ireland.

Tobin, Katy and McCarthy, Elizabeth and Paavonen, Anna Marie (2023) FASDcare: understanding the experiences and needs of family caregivers of people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in Ireland. Donegal: Alcohol Forum Ireland.

Plant, Moira (2022) Women, alcohol, pregnancy & FASD: what is known and what Scotland can do next. Edinburgh: The Queen's Nursing Institute Scotland.

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Policarpo Zambon, Nicolas (2021) Alcohol statistics: England. London: House of Commons Library.

Shield, Jennifer and Brown, Sarah (2020) Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) - everybody's business. Edinburgh: SHAAP.

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FactSheet

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Dail Debates

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1200 – Departmental data [FASD] [30044/25]. (10 Jun 2025)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 436 – Disability diagnoses [16563/25]. (08 Apr 2025)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1664 – Healthcare policy [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [11503/25]. (19 Mar 2025)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 494 – Prison service [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [9127/25]. (04 Mar 2025)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 604 – Disability services [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [9130/25]. (04 Mar 2025)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 195 – Social welfare eligibility [4931/25]. (12 Feb 2025)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 245 – Departmental budgets [Alcohol] [43014/24]. (05 Nov 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1298 – Health services [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [45310/24]. (05 Nov 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 43 – Health services [FASD] [37292/24]. (02 Oct 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 466 – Healthcare policy [foetal alcohol project] [28158/24]. (02 Jul 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 475 – Departmental data [prenatal alcohol exposure] [28250/24]. (02 Jul 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 476– Departmental data [prenatal alcohol exposure] [28252/24]. (02 Jul 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 543 – Departmental policies [FASD] [17595/24]. (23 Apr 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate Vol. 1052 No.5 – Disability diagnoses [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder]. (17 Apr 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 690 – Health services [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [16232/24]. (16 Apr 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 731 – Social welfare eligibility [FASD] [13676/24]. (09 Apr 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1721 – Addiction treatment services [1532/24]. (17 Jan 2024)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 529 – Departmental Data [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [46207/23]. (24 Oct 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1237– Departmental schemes. [foetal alcohol spectrum] [31454/23]. (13 Jun 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 193 – Health services. [foetal alcohol syndrome] [26630/23]. (31 May 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 159 - Prison service [foetal alcohol] [23260/23]. (17 May 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 605 - Healthcare policy [Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [19473/23]. (25 Apr 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Question 1393 – Disability services. [foetal alcohol spectrum disorder] [13242/23]. (21 Mar 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 258 - Substance misuse [Fetal Alcohol Syndrome] [47791/22]. (29 Sep 2022)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 924 - Health promotion [34696/17] [Alcohol & pregnancy]. (13 Jul 2017)

[Oireachtas] Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health and Children - babies born to mothers with substance abuse issues: discussion. (24 Sep 2015)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 243 - Maternity services [21006/13] [Fetal Alcohol Syndrome]. (02 May 2013)

[Oireachtas] Joint Committee on Health and Children debate: alcohol marketing: discussion (resumed). (14 Dec 2011)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 17 - Health service research projects [26377/11 & 26378/11]. (28 Sep 2011)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 17 - Health Service Research Projects [26377/11]. (21 Sep 2011)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Adjournment debate. Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders. (26 May 2009)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answers 76, 77, 78 & 79 - Alcohol abuse [9838/06, 9841/06, 9839/06, 9840/06]. (09 Mar 2006)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 268 - Alcohol labelling [FASD] [2846/06]. (31 Jan 2006)

Newsletter

Health Service Executive. (2020) HSE Health Matters. The staff magazine of the Irish health service. Winter 2020 , pp. 38-39. Dublin: Health Service Executive.

(2011) Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Alcohol Research & Health. 34 , (1) . Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

Thesis

Tennyson, Charlene (2020) An insight into the experiences of teachers educating children with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Northern Ireland. PhD thesis, Queens University Belfast.

Video

Institute of Alcohol Studies. (2024) Alcohol and the brain: explained. Institute of Alcohol Studies.

Redmond, Darren (2023) Again for the first time podcast. A dialogue with Dr. Liam Curran regarding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD).

HSE Health and Wellbeing. (2022) Alcohol brief intervention during pregnancy. Health Service Executive.

Audio

FASD Ireland. (2023) Podcast "FASD - What's da Craic?". Clare: FASD Ireland.

Teaching Resource

Statspearl. (2024) StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.

Pan American Health Organization. (2020) Assessment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. A training manual. Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization.

News

[Irish Examiner] , Murphy, Ann Silent epidemic of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder 'coming down the road at us fast and furiously'. (31 Mar 2025)

HSE Alcohol Programme. [Health Service Executive] International FASD awareness day 2024. Supporting alcohol free pregnancies. (06 Sep 2024)

[EchoLive.ie] , Conlon, Catherine Alcohol taxes must increase, for good of our nation’s health. (20 Aug 2024)

[Irish Examiner] , Griffin, Niamh Women earning more than €35k annually are most at risk for babies having fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. (07 Apr 2024)

[Independent.ie] , O'Regan, Eilish One-in-10 babies are born with some kind of foetal alcohol disorder in Ireland every year, says HSE. (28 Nov 2022)

[Irish Times] , Wayman, Sheila Why does Ireland have so many cases of foetal alcohol syndrome? (06 Sep 2022)

[Mental Daily] Alcohol & pregnancy: Ireland looks towards the future of infant mental health. (22 Jul 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , Murphy, Ann FASD: Pointing out the dangers of alcohol in the womb. (07 Feb 2022)

[Independent.ie] , O'Regan, Elish Rise in babies born with drug or alcohol addiction during pandemic. (24 Jan 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , Murphy, Ann Foetal alcohol syndrome survey is 'first of its kind'. (09 Jan 2022)

Health Service Executive. [Health Service Executive] No amount of alcohol at any stage of pregnancy is safe for your baby, HSE experts advise. (09 Sep 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , Ring, Evelyn Experts recommend zero alcohol for pregnant women. (09 Sep 2019)

[Health Service Executive] An alcohol-free pregnancy is best for your baby. (09 Sep 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Harris, Arlene 'Pregnant women don't know they're harming their babies by drinking'. (04 Sep 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Gittens, Geraldine Testing mothers for alcohol consumption during pregnancy could reduce risk to babies. (10 Apr 2018)

[Irish Examiner] , Ring, Evelyn Cannabis is a destructive, nasty, evil drug, psychiatrist tells conference. (06 Apr 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Lynott, Laura Foetal damage 'is a hidden phenomenon in Ireland'. (09 Sep 2017)

[Irish Medical Times] , Shannon, June Ireland has the third highest rate of FASD. (07 Sep 2017)

[thejournal.ie] , Russell, Cliodhna Low alcohol consumption during pregnancy doesn't cause harm, experts say. (18 May 2017)

[Irish Examiner Breaking News] 600 babies born with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome every year. (21 Apr 2017)

[Irish Examiner] Foetal Alcohol Syndrome: Doctors unaware of dangers. (16 Mar 2017)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Sullivan, Claire Ireland tops list for pregnant women drinking. (17 Jan 2017)

[Alcohol Action Ireland] Introduction of health labelling for alcohol products will increase awareness of the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. (09 Sep 2016)

[Health Service Executive] HSE marks International Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Awareness Day. (08 Sep 2016)

[Independent.ie] , Harris, Arlene Knowing your limits. (24 Feb 2016)

[Irish Examiner] , Loughlin, Elaine Alcohol bottles to carry labels warning pregnant women of drink dangers. (03 Nov 2015)

[Irish Examiner] , Ring, Evelyn Test all babies for alcohol syndrome. (25 Sep 2015)

[Alcohol Action Ireland] ‘No alcohol, no risk’ is the message on international FASD Day. (09 Sep 2015)

[Irish Mirror] , Fearon, Alana Hundreds of drug-addicted babies born in Irish hospitals since 2008. (07 Aug 2015)

[Irish Examiner] , Rogers, Stephen Roisin Shortall urges Varadkar to take action on pregnancy drinking. (06 May 2015)

[Independent.ie] Potential effects of drinking alcohol during pregnancy. (21 Apr 2015)

[Independent.ie] , O'Regan, Eilish One glass of wine 'stops foetus from moving'. (09 Apr 2015)

[Irish Medical Times] , Gill, Irwin and Sharif, Farhana Even one is one too many — Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. (05 Mar 2015)

[Independent.ie] , Rush, James UK: Drinking while pregnant could become a crime in historic case. (05 Nov 2014)

[Health Service Executive] Alcohol and pregnancy – ‘Think before you drink’ First all-island guide on alcohol and pregnancy. (09 Sep 2013)

[Irish Medical Times] , Culliton, Gary Coombe set to spearhead FAS alcohol intake project. (25 May 2011)

Alcohol Action Ireland. [Alcohol Action Ireland] Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders day. (09 Sep 2010)

Ireland. Department of Health and Children. [Department of Health and Children] Minister Brady announces public consultation on Alcohol Labelling proposals. (08 Sep 2009)