The European Drug Report 2024: trends and developments presents the EMCDDA’s latest analysis of the drug situation in Europe. Focusing on illicit drug use, related harms and drug supply, the report provides a comprehensive set of national data across these themes, as well as on specialist drug treatment and key harm reduction interventions.

See also List of tables, Annex tables to the European Drug Report 2024:

• Opioids
  • Table 1a. High-risk opioid use estimates for population aged 15–64 years
  • Table 1b. Entrants into treatment during the year: opioids clients as a proportion of treatment demands
  • Table 1c. Entrants into treatment during the year: proportion of opioids clients with injection as main route of administration
  • Table 1d. Number of clients in opioid agonist treatment
• Cocaine
  • Table 2a. Cocaine prevalence estimates among the general population and school students
  • Table 2b. Entrants into treatment during the year - cocaine clients as a proportion of treatment demands
  • Table 2c. Entrants into treatment during the year: proportion of cocaine clients with injection as main route of administration
• Amphetamines
  • Table 3a. Amphetamines prevalence estimates among the general population and school students
  • Table 3b. Entrants into treatment during the year - amphetamines clients as a proportion of treatment demands
  • Table 3c. Entrants into treatment during the year: proportion of amphetamines clients with injection as main route of administration
• MDMA
  • Table 4a. MDMA prevalence estimates among the general population and school students
  • Table 4b. Entrants into treatment during the year - MDMA clients as a proportion of treatment demands
• Cannabis
  • Table 5a. Cannabis prevalence estimates among the general population and school students
  • Table 5b. Entrants into treatment during the year - cannabis clients as a proportion of treatment demands
• Other indicators
  • Table 6. Drug-induced deaths, HIV diagnoses, injecting drug use estimates, syringes distributed through specialised programmes
• Seizures
  • Table 7. Seizures data

And, List of figures (European Drug Report 2024)

List of figures by chapter

• Understanding Europe’s drug situation in 2024 – key developments
  • Figure. At a glance – estimates of drug use in the European Union
• Drug supply, production and precursors
  • Figure 1.1. 'Operation Nano', 9.5 tonnes of cocaine seized in August 2023 at the Port of Algeciras (Cadiz), Spain
  • Figure 1.2. Example range of drug trafficking methods previously reported by law enforcement in Europe
  • Figure 1.3. Drug seizures in the European Union – quantity of drugs seized, indexed trends (2012 = 100)
  • Figure 1.4. Drug seizures in the European Union – number of reported drug seizures, breakdown by drug, 2022 (percent)
  • Figure 1.5a. Drug seizures in the European Union – number of seizures in 2022
  • Figure 1.5b. Drug seizures in the European Union – quantity seized in 2022 (tonnes)
  • Figure 1.6. Drug seizures in the European Union – number of drug seizures, indexed trends (2012 = 100)
  • Figure 1.7. Drug law offences – number of offences, supply and use/possession, 2022
  • Figure 1.8. Drug law offences – possession/use offences, indexed trends (2012 = 100)
  • Figure 1.9. Drug law offences – supply offences, indexed trends (2012 = 100)
  • Table. Summary of seizures of EU scheduled precursors and non-scheduled chemicals used for selected drugs produced in the European Union, 2022
• Cannabis – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 2.1. Operation ‘Cabalgata/Califa-Trucks’ – Spanish authorities seize 22 tonnes of cannabis resin concealed in fake tomato packaging
  • Figure 2.2. Prevalence of cannabis use in Europe
  • Figure 2.3. Cannabis residues in wastewater in selected European cities: most recent dat
  • Figure 2.4. Users entering treatment for cannabis in Europe
  • Figure 2.5a. Cannabis resin market in Europe
  • Figure 2.5b. Herbal cannabis market in Europe
• Cocaine – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 3.2. Example range of drug trafficking methods previously reported by law enforcement in Europe
  • Figure 3.3. Operation ‘Mourente’, a large-scale cocaine base paste processing laboratory dismantled by Spanish authorities in 2023
  • Figure 3.4. Prevalence of cocaine use in Europe
  • Figure 3.5. Cocaine residues in wastewater in selected European cities, 2023
  • Figure 3.6. Cocaine users entering treatment
  • Figure 3.7. Cocaine market in Europe
• Synthetic stimulants – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 4.1. Prevalence of amphetamines use in Europe
  • Figure 4.2. Amphetamine residues in wastewater in selected European cities: changes between 2022 and 2023
  • Figure 4.3. Methamphetamine residues in wastewater in selected European cities: changes between 2022 and 2023
  • Figure 4.4. Amphetamine users entering treatment in Europe
  • Figure 4.5. Metamphetamine users entering treatment in Europe
  • Figure 4.6. Synthetic cathinone users entering treatment in Europe
  • Figure 4.7. Amphetamine market in Europe
  • Figure 4.8. Methamphetamine market in Europe
• MDMA – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 5.1. Prevalence of MDMA ('ecstasy') use in Europe
  • Figure 5.2. MDMA residues detected in wastewater in selected European cities: most recent data
  • Figure 5.3. MDMA market in Europe
  • Figure 5.4a. Purity of MDMA powder samples submitted to drug checking services in 2022 and 2023 (percent)
  • Figure 5.4b. Content of MDMA tablet samples submitted to drug checking services in 2022 and 2023 (percent)
  • Figure 5.5. Psychoactive adulterants detected in samples sold as MDMA to users and tested in 12 European drug checking services in 2023
• Heroin and other opioids – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 6.1. Age distribution of all clients entering treatment with heroin as their primary drug, 2010 and 2022
  • Figure 6.2. Age distribution of never previously treated clients entering treatment with heroin as their primary drug, 2010 and 2022
  • Figure 6.3. Trends in the main route of administration of clients entering treatment with heroin as primary drug, by treatment status
  • Figure 6.4. Users entering treatment for heroin in Europe
  • Figure 6.5a. Proportion of acute drug toxicity presentations with heroin involved in 2022, Euro-DEN Plus
  • Figure 6.5b. Trends in presentations with heroin involved, selected hospitals
  • Figure 6.6. Heroin market in Europe
  • Table 6.1. Other opioids: number of seizures and quantities seized, 2022
• Other drugs – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 8.1. Number of formal notifications of benzodiazepines reported to the EU Early Warning System, 2005-2023
  • Figure 8.2. Ketamine residues detected in wastewater in selected European cities, 2023
  • Table 8.1a. Number of seizures and quantity seized of other drugs, EU+2
  • Table 8.1b. Number of seizures and quantity seized of other drugs, EU
  • Figure 8.3. Seizures of ketamine powder in the European Union: total quantity (kilograms), 2006-2022
  • Figure 8.4. Seizures of ketamine powder in the European Union: total number, 2006-2022
• New psychoactive substances – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 7.1. Number of new psychoactive substances reported for the first time to the EU Early Warning System, by category, 2005-2023
  • Table 7.1. Notifications of new psychoactive substances under the terms of Regulation (EC) no 1920/2006 (as amended) and Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA (as amended) – 2023
  • Figure 7.2. Number of new psychoactive substances reported each year following their first detection in the European Union, by category, 2005-2022
  • Figure 7.3. Number of new opioids reported for the first time to the EU Early Warning System, 2009-2023
  • Figure 7.4. Seizures of new psychoactive substances in the European Union: percentage of total quantity seized, by substance, 2022
  • Figure 7.5a. Seizures of new psychoactive substances in the European Union: number of seizures, 2005-2022
  • Figure 7.5b. Seizures of new psychoactive substances in the European Union: quantity seized, 2005-2022 (kg)
• Injecting drug use in Europe – the current situation
  • Figure 9.1a. Estimated number of people who inject drugs, by country
  • Figure 9.1b. Estimated prevalence of people who inject drugs (per 1000 people)
  • Figure 9.2. Trends in injecting among first-time treatment entrants with heroin, cocaine, amphetamine or methamphetamine as primary drug: percentage reporting injecting as main route of administration
  • Figure 9.3. Percentage of used syringes tested positive by drug category, by city, 2022
• Drug-related infectious diseases – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 10.1. New HIV notifications linked to injecting drug use in the European Union, 2009 to 2022
  • Figure 10.2. Most-recent HIV outbreaks in Europe among people who inject drugs: number of cases and the associated injected substance, 2014 to 2022
  • Figure 10.3. Number of sterile syringes distributed per person who inject drugs per year, 2022 or latest data
  • Figure 10.4. Availability of needle syringe programmes in Europe at regional level, 2022 or the most recent year available
  • Figure 10.5. Drug-related infectious diseases
  • Figure 10.6. Prevalence of active HCV infection among people who inject drugs, by country, 2022 or latest available data
• Drug-induced deaths – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 11.1. Interventions to prevent opioid-related deaths, by intended aim and evidence of benefit
  • Figure 11.2. Proportion of males among drug-induced deaths in the European Union, Norway and Türkiye in 2022, or most recent year (percent)
  • Figure 11.3a. Drug-induced deaths
  • Figure 11.3b. Drug-induced deaths in the European Union: age at death, 2022 or most recent available data (percent)
  • Figure 11.3c. Trends in drug-induced deaths in the European Union, Norway and Türkiye
  • Figure 11.3d. Age distribution of drug-induced deaths reported in the European Union, Norway and Türkiye in 2022 or the most recent year
  • Figure 11.4. Proportion of drug-induced deaths cases with opioids mentioned, 2022 or most recent available data
  • Figure 11.5. Number of drug-induced deaths reported in the European Union in 2012 and 2022, or the most recent year, by age band
  • Figure 11.6. Proportion of drug-induced deaths with benzodiazepines involved, 2020 to 2022, selected countries (percent)
• Opioid agonist treatment – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 12.1. Clients in opioid agonist treatment
  • Figure 12.2a. Coverage of opioid agonist treatment (percent) in 2022 or the most recent year
  • Figure 12.2b. Coverage of opioid agonist treatment (percent) in 2011/12
  • Figure 12.3. Number of European countries implementing opioid agonist treatment, up to 2023
• Harm reduction – the current situation in Europe
  • Figure 13.1. Number of European countries implementing harm reduction interventions, up to 2023
  • Figure 13.2. Interventions to prevent opioid-related deaths, by intended aim and evidence of benefit
  • Figure 13.3. Example of a rapid risk communication issued in Ireland, 2024
  • Figure 13.4. Needle and syringe distribution and opioid agonist treatment coverage in relation to WHO 2020 targets, 2022 or latest available estimate
  • Figure 13.5. Availability of take-home naloxone in Europe
  • Figure 13.6. An illustration of the range of drug checking technologies available and their relative accuracy and reliability
  • Figure 13.7. Location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe, 2023
  • Figure 13.8. Availability of drug-related and other health and social care interventions targeting people who use drugs and are in prison, Europe, 2022