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Article

van Hest, Naomi and Brothers, Thomas D and Williamson, Andrea and Lewer, Dan (2024) Health-care resource use among patients who use illicit opioids in England, 2010-20: a descriptive matched cohort study. Addiction , 119 , (4) , pp. 730-740.

Harris, Magdalena and Scott, Jenny and Hope, Vivian and Busza, Joanna and Sweeney, Sedona and Preston, Andrew and Southwell, Mat and Eastwood, Niamh and Vuckovic, Cedomir and McGaff, Caitlynne and Yoon, Ian and Wilkins, Louise and Ram, Shoba and Lord, Catherine and Bonnet, Philippe and Furlong, Peter and Simpson, Natasha and Slater, Holly and Platt, Lucy (2024) Safe inhalation pipe provision (SIPP): protocol for a mixed-method evaluation of an intervention to improve health outcomes and service engagement among people who use crack cocaine in England. Harm Reduction Journal , 21 .

O'Neill, Derek and Condron, Ita and Kelleher, Cathy and Lyons, Suzi and Mongan, Deirdre and Millar, Sean (2023) Analysis of national drug and alcohol data by regional health area. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 84, Winter 2023, insert , pp. 14-22.

Ingram, Carolyn and MacNamara, Isobel and Buggy, Conor and Perrotta, Carla (2023) Priority healthcare needs amongst people experiencing homelessness in Dublin, Ireland: a qualitative evaluation of community expert experiences and opinions. PLoS ONE , 18 , (12) .

Steenbeek, Ruud and Emke, Erik and Vughs, Dennis and Matias, João and Boogaerts, Tim and Castiglioni, Sara and Campos-Mañas, Marina and Covaci, Adrian and de Voogt, Pim and Ter Laak, Thomas and Hernández, Félix and Salgueiro-González, Noelia and Meijer, Wim G and Dias, Mario J and Simões, Susana and van Nuijs, Alexander L N and Bijlsma, Lubertus and Béen, Frederic (2022) Spatial and temporal assessment of crack cocaine use in 13 European cities through wastewater-based epidemiology. The Science of the Total Environment , 847 .

McAdam, Erica and Hayashi, Kanna and Dong, Huiru and Cui, Zishan and Sedgemore, Kali-Olt and Dietze, Paul and Phillips, Paige and Wilson, Dean and Milloy, M-J and DeBeck, Kora (2022) Factors associated with perceived decline in the quality of drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from community-recruited cohorts of people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 236 .

Roque Bravo, Rita and Faria, Ana Carolina and Brito-da-Costa, Andreia Machado and Carmo, Helena and Mladěnka, Přemysl and Dias da Silva, Diana and Remião, Fernando (2022) Cocaine: an updated overview on chemistry, detection, biokinetics, and pharmacotoxicological aspects including abuse pattern. Toxins , 14 , (4) .

Millar, Sean (2021) Results from the fifth general population survey on illicit drug use in Ireland. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 79, Autumn 2021 , pp. 1-7.

Ellis, Matthew S and Kasper, Zachary A and Scroggins, Stephen (2021) Shifting pathways of stimulant use among individuals with opioid use disorder: a retrospective analysis of the last thirty years. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 12 , p. 786056.

Millar, Sean (2020) Crack cocaine use in Ballymun. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 75, Autumn 2020 , pp. 14-15.

Harris, Magdalena and Scott, Jenny and Wright, Talen and Brathwaite, Rachel and Ciccarone, Daniel and Hope, Vivian (2019) Injecting-related health harms and overuse of acidifiers among people who inject heroin and crack cocaine in London: a mixed-methods study. Harm Reduction Journal , 16 , (1) , p. 60.

Miró, Òscar and Dargan, Paul I and Wood, David M and Dines, Alison M and Yates, Christopher and Heyerdahl, Fridtjof and Hovda, Knut Erik and Giraudon, Isabelle and Galicia, Miguel (2019) Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases. Clinical Toxicology , 578 , (8) , pp. 718-726.

Millar, Sean (2018) High uptake of sterile crack pipes in response to surge in cocaine use in Dublin. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 67, Autumn 2018 , p. 17.

Enns, Benjamin and Krebs, Emanuel and DeBeck, Kora and Hayashi, Kanna and Milloy, M-J and Richardson, Lindsey and Wood, Evan and Nosyk, Bohdan (2017) The costs of crime associated with stimulant use in a Canadian setting. Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 180 , pp. 304-310.

Coomber, Ross and Moyle, Leah (2017) The changing shape of street-level heroin and crack supply in England: commuting, holidaying and cuckooing drug dealers across ‘county lines’. The British Journal of Criminology , azx068 .

Domnall, Michael and Jones, Andrew and Weston, Samantha and Davies, Linda and Hayhurst, Karen P and Millar, Tim (2012) The drug treatment outcomes research study (DTORS): research design and baseline data. The Open Addiction Journal , 5 , pp. 1-11.

Donovan, Anne Marie and Connolly, Johnny (2008) Crack cocaine in the Dublin region. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 28, Winter 2008 , pp. 3-4.

Kelly, Fionnola (2004) Crack Cocaine, Epidemiology, Services and Treatment Conference. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 11, June 2004 , pp. 24-25.

Haasen, Christian and Prinzleve, Michael and Zurhold, Heike and Rehm, Jürgen and Guttinger, Franziska and Fischer, Gabriele and Jagsch, Reinhold and Olsson, B and Ekendahl, Mats and Verster, Annette and Camposeragna, Antonella and Pezous, Ann-Marie and Gossop, Michael and Manning, Victoria and Cox, Gemma and Ryder, Niamh and Gerevich, Jozsef and Bacskai, Erika and Casas, Miguel and Matali, Josep Lluis and Krausz, Michael (2004) Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study. European Addiction Research , 10 , (4) , pp. 139-146.

Prinzleve, Michael and Haasen, Christian and Zurhold, Heike and Matali, Josep Lluis and Bruguera, Eugeni and Gerevich, Jozsef and Bacskai, Erika and Ryder, Niamh and Butler, Shane and Manning, Victoria and Gossop, Michael and Pezous, Ann-Marie and Verster, Annette and Camposeragna, Antonella and Andersson, Pia and Olsson, B and Primorac, Andjela and Fischer, Gabriele and Guttinger, Franziska and Rehm, Jürgen and Krausz, Michael (2004) Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study: patterns of use in different groups. European Addiction Research , 10 , (4) , pp. 147-155.

O'Connor, John J (1991) The threat of crack. Journal of the Irish Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons , 20 , (1) .

Report

UK Health Security Agency. (2024) Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring (UAM) survey of HIV and viral hepatitis among people who inject drugs (PWID): 2023 report. London: UK Health Security Agency.

The Coombe hospital. (2023) The Coombe hospital annual report 2022. Dublin: The Coombe hospital.

Duopah, Yaa Asuaba and Elmusharaf, Khalifa and Moran, Lisa and Kelly, Dervla (2023) Cocaine and crack cocaine health-related harms in the South Inner City. A report commissioned by the South Inner City Drugs and Alcohol Task Force. Dublin: South Inner City Local Drugs and Alcohol Task Force.

Duopah, Yaa Asuaba and Elmusharaf, Khalifa and Moran, Lisa and Kelly, Dervla (2023) Doing more: the health and social impacts of crack cocaine use in Limerick City. Dublin: Ana Liffey Drug Project.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2023) UN convention decisions 1961 - 2022. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

CCS Consultants. Dolan, Breege (2023) The resonance factor training programme evaluation report. Dublin: Health Service Executive.

Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation. (2022) What’s contaminating Toronto’s drug supply? insights from samples checked by Toronto’s drug checking service January 1 - December 31, 2021. Toronto: Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation.

Fitzpatrick, Finbarr (2022) The landscape of substance misuse and its impact on the communities of Tallaght’s Drugs and Alcohol Task Force. Dublin: Tallaght Drug & Alcohol Task Force.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2022) European drug report 2022: trends and developments. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2021) Cocaine: a spectrum of products. Cocaine insights 2. Vienna: UNODC.

Mongan, Deirdre and Millar, Seán and Galvin, Brian (2021) The 2019–20 Irish National Drug and Alcohol Survey: main findings. Dublin: Health Research Board.

Harm Reduction International. (2021) Chemsex and harm reduction for gay men and other men who have sex with men. London: Harm Reduction International.

Toronto's Drug Checking Service. (2021) What's in Toronto's drug supply? Results from samples checked by Toronto's drug checking service January 1 - December 31, 2020. Toronto: Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation.

Montague, Andrew (2021) Ballymun – a brighter future. A plan to tackle the underlying causes of addiction and crime and to tackle open drug dealing. Dublin: Ballymun Local Drugs and Alcohol Task Force.

Rintoul, Chris (2021) Groin injecting in Northern Ireland: views of the experts by experience. Belfast: Extern and Queen's University Belfast.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2020) Drug-related hospital emergency presentations in Europe: update from the Euro-DEN Plus expert network. Luxembourg: Office of the European Union.

O'Reilly, Laura and Mac Cionnaith, Criostoir (2019) Crack cocaine use in Ballymun: an evidence base for interventions. Dublin: Ballymun Youth Action Project.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2018) Recent changes in Europe’s cocaine market: results from an EMCDDA trendspotter study. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

National Advisory Committee on Drugs and Alcohol, Northern Ireland. Department of Health. (2017) Prevalence of drug use and gambling in Ireland and drug use in Northern Ireland 2014/15: regional drug and alcohol task force (Ireland) and health and social care trust (Northern Ireland) results. Bulletin 2. Dublin: Department of Health.

National Advisory Committee on Drugs and Alcohol, Northern Ireland. Department of Health. (2016) Prevalence of drug use and gambling in Ireland & drug use in Northern Ireland. Bulletin 1. Dublin: National Advisory Committee on Drugs and Alcohol.

O'Heaire, Gary (2016) Clondalkin Tús Nua street based harm reduction service activity report 2011 - 2015. Dublin: Health Service Executive.

Bennett, John (2015) Crack cocaine use in the Finglas and Cabra Local Drug & Alcohol Task Force area. Dublin: Finglas and Cabra Local Drug & Alcohol Task Force.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2014) The levels of use of opioids, amphetamines and cocaine and associated levels of harm: summary of scientific evidence. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Hay, Gordon and Rael dos Santos, Anderson and Worsley, Joanne (2014) UK: Estimates of the prevalence of opiate use and/or crack cocaine use, 2011/12: Sweep 8 report. London: National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse.

O'Heaire, Gary (2013) Cracking on: a harm reduction report. Dublin: The Bawnogue Youth and Family Support Group.

Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. (2011) Report into the physical effects of smoking heroin/crack cocaine and the risks of infections. London: Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.

Hay, Gordon and Gannon, Maria and Casey, Jane and Millar, Tim (2011) Estimates of the prevalence of opiate use and/or crack cocaine use, 2009/10: Sweep 6 report. London: National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse.

Health Research Board. Alcohol and Drug Research Unit. Connolly, Johnny and Foran, Sinead and Donovan, Anne Marie and Carew, Anne Marie and Long, Jean (2008) Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy. HRB Research Series 6. Dublin: Health Research Board.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2008) European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Annual report 2008: the state of the drugs problem in Europe. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2007) EMCDDA 2007 selected issue - cocaine and crack cocaine: a growing public health issue. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Health Research Board. Drugs Misuse Research Division. (2006) 2006 National Report (2005 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Dublin: Health Research Board.

COCA/Rugby House. (2006) Crack and cocaine: brief intervention programmes. England: COCA/Rugby House.

Shapiro, Harry, ed. Ford, Chris (2004) Guidance for working with cocaine & crack users in primary care. London: Royal College of General Practitioners.

Harocopos, Alex and Dennis, Dezlee and Turnbull, Paul J and Parsons, Jim and Hough, Mike (2003) On the rocks: a follow-up study of crack users in London. London: Criminal Policy Research Unit, South Bank University.

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2001) Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 2001. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

FactSheet

HRB National Drugs Library. (2023) Factsheet: Cocaine - the Irish situation. Dublin: HRB National Drugs Library.

Health Promotion Unit. (2008) Cocaine the facts. Dublin: Health Promotion Unit, Department of Health.

Dail Debates

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann Debate. Questions 663 & 664 - Local drugs task forces. [34855/23 & 34856/23]. (13 Jul 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann Debate. Questions on policy or legislation [crack cocaine]. (06 Jul 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 234 – Health services [crack cocaine] [25282/23]. (24 May 2023)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 278 - Drug dealing [Prevalence] [9021/22]. (17 Feb 2022)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Topical issue debate - An Garda Síochána. (02 Feb 2022)

[Oireachtas] Dáil Éireann debate. Written answer 128 - Health services [Crack cocaine & funding] [59347/21]. (03 Dec 2021)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate - Topical Issue Debate - drug dealing. (09 Nov 2021)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate - Questions on promised legislation. (09 Nov 2021)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 1208 - Misuse of drugs [38980/17]. (11 Sep 2017)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 923 - Misuse of drugs [Crack cocaine] [34678/17]. (13 Jul 2017)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 78 - Drug Seizures [Crack cocaine] [32597/07]. (05 Dec 2007)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 44 - National Drugs Strategy [Crack cocaine] [20958/07]. (27 Sep 2007)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answers 58 & 63 - Drug abuse [Crack cocaine & meth] [14967/07]. (24 Apr 2007)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Priority question 105 - National Drugs Strategy [Crack cocaine] [4505/06]. (08 Feb 2006)

Audio

The Pat Kenny Show. (2024) Cocaine nation. Dublin: Newstalk.com.

Prior, Darren J (2023) Near FM audio interviews with people working in Task Forces and other alcohol and drug areas in Ireland.

Ruane, Lynn and D'Arcy, Ray (2021) Breaking the cycle of drug use. Dublin: RTE radio.

Henry, Karl (2021) Real Health Podcast: the cocaine episode.

Dataset

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2023) Dashboard: Prevalence of cocaine use in Europe.

Health Research Board. (2021) National Drug and Alcohol Survey [Ireland].

Other

Chrysalis. (2009) Harm reduction for crack cocaine users. Chrysalis CDP, Dublin.

News

[Irish Times] , Gallagher, Conor Drug taskforces turning addicts away amid a 400% increase in crack cocaine use. (05 Jul 2023)

[Health Research Board] Cocaine is the most common drug for which individuals are seeking treatment. (20 Jun 2023)

[Irish Times] , Raleigh, David Limerick council acquires suspected drug dens for conversion to housing. (23 Mar 2023)

[Independent.ie] , Raleigh, David ‘Health referrals’ to form part of new garda strategy to confront widespread crack cocaine use. (08 Feb 2023)

[Irish Times] , Mullally, Una Crack cocaine is ‘huge’ in Dublin. We are past the warning sign phase. (12 Dec 2022)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh 'The level of sickness we're seeing is massive': a day on addiction outreach in Limerick city. (16 Nov 2022)

[Health Research Board] European drug report 2022. HRB press release. (14 Jun 2022)

[Department of Health] Minister Feighan welcomes report on drug treatment services and highlights new initiatives for people who use cocaine and crack cocaine. (14 Jun 2022)

[thejournal.ie] , MacNamee, Garreth Gardaí vow to clean up Dublin city centre streets plagued by crack addiction. (02 Jun 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Rourke, Ryan Aggression caused by crack cocaine forces Limerick pharmacists to quit needle exchange programme. (21 Apr 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , Murphy, Ann Powder keg: Rural Ireland’s love affair with cocaine. (20 Mar 2022)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Rourke, Ryan Drug gangs 'rule' Limerick estate which is home to 'crack supermarket'. (19 Mar 2022)

Ireland. Department of Health. [Department of Health] Minister for Public Health, Wellbeing and the National Drugs Strategy announces €850,000 for HSE-led initiative to reduce the health-related harms from cocaine and ‘crack’ cocaine. (14 Jan 2022)

[rte.ie] , Conneely, Ailbhe Tallaght drug projects to shut this week unless funding provided. (28 Dec 2021)

[thejournal.ie] , O'Connor, Niall Cheaper crack cocaine supplies in cities 'sees people travel from rural areas to buy the drug'. (02 Dec 2021)

[Department of Health] Minister Feighan says HRB Drug Treatment Data for 2020 highlights importance of health-led response to drug and alcohol use. (20 Jul 2021)

[RTE investigates] , McNulty, Fran One corner in Ballymun, four hours, 42 drug deals: a crack epidemic. (20 Jul 2021)

[RTE News] , Hunt, Conor Charity concerned over number of crack cocaine users. (11 Jun 2021)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Hostile takeovers: dealers sell from the homes of vulnerable addicts. (17 Apr 2021)

[Irish Times] , Gallagher, Conor Almost 50,000 crack pipes handed out by HSE over last five years. (25 Jan 2021)

[Extra.ie] , Kelleher, Lynne Ireland three times above European average for drug related deaths. (27 Sep 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , Dunphy, Liz Special report: Recovering crack addicts tell of drug's horrors. (20 Jul 2020)

[Health Research Board] HRB reports continued increase in cocaine treatment. (09 Jul 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Treatment for cocaine trebles in just six years. (09 Jul 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , Woulfe, Jimmy Senior addiction counsellor voices fears over surge in 'snowballing' in Cork and Limerick. (09 Jul 2020)

[thejournal.ie] , Raleigh, David Crack houses operating like supermarkets as cocaine use sweeps across Limerick, politicians claim. (20 Feb 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Study shows Dublin hospital has third highest number of drug-related medical emergencies. (19 Feb 2020)

[thejournal.ie] , MacNamee, Garreth New garda crackdown to target 'blatant drug dealing' at Dublin city centre hot-spots. (02 Dec 2019)

[Irish Examiner] , English, Eoin Surge in open drug use in Cork sparks call for more gardaí. (29 Oct 2019)

[Irish Examiner] , Murphy, Ann Addiction counsellors in Cork seeing first cases of women hooked on crack cocaine. (22 Aug 2019)

[Limerick Leader] , O'Rourke, Ryan Warning of rise in crime as crack cocaine use takes a foothold in Limerick. (30 Jun 2019)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac EU agency warns of potential 'uberisation' of cocaine trade as drug seizures hit 'record levels'. (06 Jun 2019)

[thejournal.ie] , MacNamee, Garreth Six drug deals and a fistfight at a Dublin shopping centre: one hour at a crack cocaine hotspot. (24 Mar 2019)

[thejournal.ie] , Daly, Adam Surge in cocaine supply in Europe as gangs 'uberise' the trade through social. (14 Dec 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , MacNamee, Garreth North Dublin drug unit in row with management over crack cocaine operation - and a 2004 Renault Clio. (18 Nov 2018)

[RTE News] , Kenny, Aisling Crack cocaine now more commonly abused than heroin, says drugs service. (02 Nov 2018)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Project for those using train to get crack cocaine in Dublin. (02 Oct 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Nugent, Ryan Families living in fear of violence over use of crack cocaine. (25 Sep 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh 'Life is so much more chaotic': a day on addiction outreach in Limerick city. (22 Sep 2018)

[Herald.ie] , Nugent, Ryan Fear of teen dealers in debt to gangs as crack 'epidemic' hits. (13 Sep 2018)

[Irish Examiner] Councillor calls for immediate action on crack cocaine in Dublin. (07 Aug 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Hennessy, Michelle and Brophy, Daragh High uptake of sterile crack pipes in response to surge in use of drug in Dublin. (22 Jul 2018)

[The Times] , Sanz, Catherine Injection centre for heroin users may extend to crack and cocaine. (18 Jul 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Hennessy, Michelle HSE launches cocaine harm reduction campaign as crack use surges in Dublin. (17 Jul 2018)

[Health Service Executive] Cocaine – Reduce the harms. (17 Jul 2018)

[Hot Press] , Clark, Stuart How to end Ireland's drug deaths epidemic. (07 Jun 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh Crack-cocaine use surging in Dublin city centre. (04 Jun 2018)

[Irish Examiner] , Ryan, Conor Local projects report abuse of benzos. (31 May 2018)

[Health Research Board] HRB publishes latest drug treatment figures for Ireland 2010 – 2016. (29 May 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh Increase in people smoking and injecting crack cocaine in Dublin. (15 Nov 2017)

[Irish Times] , Gallagher, Conor Crack cocaine in Ireland: The rise of an ugly drug. (08 Jul 2017)

[Independent.ie] , Lynott, Laura Children as young as 13 are caught up in crack 'epidemic'. (06 Mar 2017)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh Crack cocaine and synthetic cannabinoids. Concern over new drug trends in Dublin. (27 Dec 2016)

[Independent.ie] , Cusack, Jim The war on drugs is lost... so what do we do now? (13 Nov 2016)

[The ECHO] , Dennehy, Mark More children taken into care after upsurge in crack cocaine addiction. (30 Mar 2016)

[Independent.ie] , Cusack, Jim Breaking Mad - meth 'test' drugs flood our streets. (02 Nov 2014)

[Independent.ie] , Cusack, Jim Two dozen for court after undercover operation. (30 Jun 2013)

[Health Research Board] Proactive approach to tackle crack cocaine in Ireland. (22 Oct 2008)

This list was generated on Tue Mar 19 04:31:50 2024 GMT.