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Bates, Geoff and Van Hout, Marie Claire and Teck, Joseph Tay Wee and McVeigh, Jim (2019) Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review. Harm Reduction Journal , 16 , (75) .

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Moloney, Stephen (2019) In the gay community, the issue of men using performance and image enhancing drugs is becoming more prevalent. GCN , 354 , pp. 21-22.

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Report

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An Garda Siochana. (2020) An Garda Síochána annual report 2019. Dublin: An Garda Siochana.

Matheson, Catriona and Bon, Lesley and Bowman, Louise and MacLeod, Katy and Hannah, Adrienne and Knox, Anthony (2020) Understanding the sexual health and blood borne virus risk behaviours of defined 'at risk' groups to inform a service training programme. Glasgow: Scottish Drugs Forum.

Foster, Cyrss and Scarlett, Mary and Stewart, Bill (2020) Young persons’ behaviour and attitudes survey 2019: substance use - (smoking, alcohol & drugs). Belfast: Department of Health.

Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Public Health Wales. (2020) Facilitators and barriers to health care access amongst people using image and performance enhancing drugs in Wales. Cardiff: Public Health Wales.

Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. (2020) Drugs of abuse: a DEA resource guide. Washington DC: Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice.

Health Products Regulatory Authority. (2018) Health Products Regulatory Authority annual report 2017. Dublin: HPRA.

Health Protection Surveillance Centre. (2018) Drug-related bloodborne viruses in Ireland. Dublin: Health Protection Surveillance Centre.

Health Products Regulatory Authority. (2017) Health Products Regulatory Authority annual report 2016. Dublin: HPRA.

Lifeline Project. (2016) Image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs): literature review. London: Lifeline Project Ltd.

McVeigh, Jim and Bates, Geoff and Chandler, Martin (2015) Steroids and image enhancing drugs. 2014 survey results. Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Hopkins University.

Jennings, Ciaran J and Patten, Emer and Kennedy, Mark and Kelly, Chris (2014) Examining the profile and perspectives of individuals attending harm reduction services who are users of performance and image enhancing drugs. Dublin: Merchants Quay Ireland.

Jennings, Ciaran J (2013) Re-establishing contact: a profile of clients attending the health promotion unit - needle exchange at Merchants Quay Ireland. Dublin: Merchants Quay Ireland.

O'Connell, Angela (2012) How we see it. Report of a survey on young people's body image. Dublin: Department of Children and Youth Affairs.

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Webpage

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2023) Spotlight on… Performance- and image-enhancing drugs. URL: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/spotlights/performanc...

Health Service Executive. (2021) Anabolic steroid misuse. URL: https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-mi...

FactSheet

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018) DrugFacts: Anabolic steroids. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

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Dail Debates

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 610 - Drug treatment programmes [11456/15] [Steroids]. (24 Mar 2015)

[Oireachtas] Dail Eireann debate. Written answer 29 - Anti-doping measures [Greyhounds] [25199/07]. (25 Oct 2007)

Book

National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. (2017) Quick guide to drugs & alcohol. New South Wales: Drug Info. State Library of NSW .

Video

McVeigh, Jim (2014) Steroid users accessing needle exchange services. Anabolic steroids & associated drugs: evidence from the United Kingdom. drugs.ie.

Dataset

Health Research Board. (2021) National Drug and Alcohol Survey [Ireland].

Teaching Resource

Brennan, Rebekah (2014) ‘IDUHED’: An ethno pharmacological study of the injecting use of human enhancement drugs. Dublin: Irish Research Bouncil.

News

Health Products Regulatory Authority. [HPRA] Close to 900,000 units of illegal medicines detained by the HPRA in 2023. (28 Mar 2024)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] Almost 1 million units of illegal medicines detained by the HPRA in 2022. (29 Mar 2023)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] Half a million units of illegal medicines detained in first six months of 2022. (25 Aug 2022)

[Independent.ie] , Schiller, Robin Steroid use continues to grow - despite closure of gyms and Covid lockdown. (05 Oct 2020)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Cionnaith, Fiachra Steroid use among young prompts calls for new public awareness campaign. (06 Sep 2019)

[Independent.ie] Teenagers 'can shop around' to find cheap steroids. (15 Aug 2019)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Cionnaith, Fiachra Fears of hidden steroid abuse by males. (12 Aug 2019)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] HPRA detain 619,213 dosage units of illegal medicines in 2018. (05 Mar 2019)

[Irish Times] , O'Halloran, Marie Calls for increased Garda enforcement to stop illegal steroid importation. (30 Nov 2018)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] 90,000 Illegal medicines worth €376,000 detained in Ireland by the HPRA during Operation Pangea. (23 Oct 2018)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] Dangers of anabolic steroids highlighted by new HPRA ‘Zero Gains’ campaign. (08 Oct 2018)

[Irish Times] , Thompson, Sylvia Being alert to the risks of falsified and substandard medicines. (27 Sep 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh 'Life is so much more chaotic': a day on addiction outreach in Limerick city. (22 Sep 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Brophy, Daragh Steep increase in Limerick steroid-users seeking needle exchange. (09 Sep 2018)

[The Medical Independent] , Cahill, Niamh HPRA to launch information campaign on illegal anabolic steroids. (23 Aug 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Quinlin, Ailin The rise of steroid use: Irish men are feeling pressure to get a ripped Love Island body. (24 Jul 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Lynott, Laura Drug services are 'patchy' and 'need to cater for teens'. (07 Jul 2018)

[Independent.ie] , Henry, Karl Social media generation needs to learn the risks far outweigh benefits of turning to steroids. (07 Jul 2018)

[Irish Times] , Houston, Muiris Anabolic steroids and adolescents’ culture of invulnerability. (06 Jul 2018)

[Irish Times] , O'Riordan, Ian Ireland’s anabolic steroids boom: a tell-tale sign of recovery. (05 May 2018)

[Irish Times] , Wall, Martin Volume of anabolic steriods seized in Ireland alarms pharmacists. (28 Apr 2018)

[rte.ie] , Bowers, Fergal 40% jump in illegal prescription drugs seized. (17 Apr 2018)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] Close to one million units of illegal medicines detained by the HPRA in 2017. (17 Apr 2018)

[thejournal.ie] , Fitzgerald, Cormac Warning that dietary supplement 'not fit for human consumption' due to presence of illegal steroids. (08 Mar 2018)

[Independent.ie] , O'Regan, Mark Steroid abuse rises sharply amongst middle-aged men. (01 Jan 2018)

[Irish Examiner] , Hoare, Padraig Warning as number of steroids seized surges 300%. (18 Dec 2017)

[Irish Examiner] , Hoare, Padraig Why is the demand for steroids rising among young people? (18 Dec 2017)

[Independent.ie] Teenagers now using illegal steroids in bid to 'bulk up. (10 Oct 2017)

[Medical Independent] , Reilly, Catherine Seized oncology medications were aimed at bodybuilders. (05 Oct 2017)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Minister calls on gyms to play a role as 72,000 fake steroids seized. (26 Sep 2017)

[Irish Examiner Breaking News] We want his death to be a lesson to others on the dangers of anabolic steroids: Family’s appeal. (25 Apr 2017)

[Health Products Regulatory Authority] HPRA detains 673,906 dosage units of illegal medicines in 2016. (13 Mar 2017)

[thejournal.ie] , Power, Marcus Steroids: 'I thought that the only way I could beat my addiction was to end my life'. (20 Nov 2016)

[Irish Examiner] , Kelleher, Lynne Rising numbers hospitalised for taking anabolic steroids. (20 Sep 2016)

[Irish Examiner] , Shanahan, Catherine Over half counterfeit drugs seized were anabolic steroids. (10 Jun 2016)

[Independent.ie] , McGrath, Meadhbh Competitive bodybuilding may be causing 'extraordinary damage' to Irish teenagers - expert. (02 Jun 2016)

[Irish Examiner] , Ring, Evelyn Alert over abuse of ‘boosters’ in gyms. (28 Apr 2016)

[Irish Times] , Cumiskey, Gavin Steroid abuse prevalent in Irish society – Irish Sports Council. (26 Jun 2015)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Gardaí bid to tackle illicit sale of steroids. (19 Jun 2015)

[thejournal.ie] , Hosford, Paul Performance-enhancing drugs don’t actually make you better at sport. (11 May 2015)

[thejournal.ie] More and more men are receiving treatment for steroid abuse. (20 Nov 2014)

[BBC News Northern Ireland] , Fitzpatrick, Michael Northern Ireland needle exchange scheme numbers rise 50% in four years. (16 Apr 2014)

[Irish Examiner] , O'Keeffe, Cormac Gardaí and customs net €45m drugs in 40 operations. (22 Jul 2013)

[Irish Examiner Breaking News] Junior cup kids 'have necks on them like adults' due to supplements, says sports doctor. (13 Feb 2013)

[Irish Medical Times] , Mousseau, Marie Catherine Anti-doping: 2011 guide for prescribers. (11 Jan 2011)