This report commissioned by the Irish Penal Reform Trust, examines how imprisonment places heavy financial and emotional pressure on families across Ireland. Drawing on interviews, survey data and analysis of national and international evidence, the study shows that many families lose essential income, face higher living costs and fall below the minimum standard needed for a decent life. Children are especially affected, with disruptions to their daily routines, school engagement, and emotional well-being.

The report highlights major gaps in current policy, including limited data on parental imprisonment and barriers to income supports for one-parent and kinship families. It sets out practical recommendations for government, calling for stronger child-centred policies, better access to welfare supports, improved visiting conditions, and a coordinated approach across justice, social protection, and children’s services.

The findings make clear that families should not bear the hidden cost of a prison sentence. This research sets out a path towards fairer and more effective support for those most affected. It offers a timely evidence base for policy change at a moment when record numbers of children are living with a parent behind bars.