Question: Are there ways to group people with prenatal opioid use that are associated with postpartum overdose or death?

Findings: In this cross-sectional Canadian study of 31 241 people with prenatal opioid use, a latent class analysis identified 5 distinct groupings: (1) short-term analgesia with low comorbidity, (2) analgesia in young people, (3) medication for opioid use disorder or unregulated opioid use, (4) pain management with comorbidity, and (5) mixed opioid use plus high social and medical needs.

Meaning: These findings suggest that clinically distinct groupings of people with prenatal opioid use can identify those who may benefit from targeted intervention strategies.