"Of all the substances of abuse including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana, alcohol produces by far the most serious neurobehavioral effects in the fetus resulting in life-long permanent disorders of memory function, impulse control and judgment" IOM, 1996 (U.S.) A 2017 systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that for every 13 women who drink alcohol during pregnancy, one child is born with a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The international SCOPE study included a CUMH cohort of over 1700 primigravida women. For the CUMH cohort, it found that four in five (82%) of first pregnancies are exposed to alcohol; nearly one in two (45%) are exposed at high-risk levels. Ireland is estimated to have the 3rd highest rate of FASD in the world at 2.8-7.4% of the population. Canadian evidence on lifetime cost of FASD suggests this results in an incremental cost to the Irish exchequer of Ⲉ2.43 Billion per annum in demand for services and support....