Psychedelic drugs, particularly taking small amounts of psychedelics in a cyclical pattern over days (so-called microdosing), have garnered growing scientific and public interest, but representative data on different dosage levels is scarce. To better understand this trend, we surveyed a nationwide sample of 11,299 adults in Germany. The survey assessed lifetime and past six-month psychedelic use by dosage as well as socio-demographic variables (sex, age, education, employment status, household equivalence income, partner arrangements, and place of residence). Results show that 5.0% of respondents self-reported lifetime psychedelic use, while 0.7% reported past six-month use. Medium to high dosing was more prevalent than microdosing. Moreover, high probabilities of using multiple forms of psychedelics were uncovered. We also observed variation in use across socio-demographic groups. For example, psychedelics use was less likely in females than males, and older than younger respondents. Past six-month microdosing was less likely in rural areas, and past six-month medium to high dosing was less prevalent in individuals with higher income or who live with a partner. This study shows limited support for widespread use in Germany and highlights diverse usage patterns across socio-demographics. These findings can inform policies, especially considering the overlap in usage of various substances.