Although evidence-based parenting programmes work, and governments are adopting them as universal child mental health measures, practitioners have found that without adapting programmes to be socially inclusive, they do not attract and retain parents who face a range of social hurdles.

The TINE framework describes how programme developers can invest in local parents and practitioners so their parenting programme can become an integral part of education and social care. Genuine co-production between programme developers and local parents, working alongside teachers, health and social care practitioners, can drive effective inclusion. TINE challenges developers to identify the essential ingredients from their current parenting programmes and to clarify what can be adapted to meet local parents' socio-cultural needs, whilst avoiding adaptations that dilute effectiveness.

The document evolved from joint work with families and teachers from an existing programme in an alliance including community health, psychologists, family therapists, social workers and children's rights professionals. The framework is illustrated with examples from 11 UN recommended programmes.