Home > Full spectrum harm reduction in Europe. Specific populations, service integration, and peer involvement. Civil Society Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe 2025.

C-EHRN Focal Points. Bellows, C and Rigoni, R (2026) Full spectrum harm reduction in Europe. Specific populations, service integration, and peer involvement. Civil Society Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe 2025. Amsterdam: Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21280489.


Full spectrum harm reduction recognises that an individual’s experiences of drug use and drug-related harms are shaped by broader social and structural conditions, and that these conditions affect people differently depending on their lived experiences and social identities. By contrasting the unique risks and barriers experienced by different groups with the availability of various tailored harm reduction services throughout 42 European cities, this report identifies current gaps in care that leave many needs unmet.

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