Cocaine markets have the potential to generate environmental harms that extend far beyond deforestation, affecting water, soil, air quality and biodiversity across multiple regions and cocaine-related activities. This joint report by the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA) and Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo y Vida sin Drogas (DEVIDA) is the first international targeted policy analysis co-produced with an international partner. It explores how these impacts can be better understood and measured. Drawing on the case of Peru and informed by literature review and expert consultation, it maps the range of cocaine-related environmental impacts, examines existing monitoring practices and identifies methodological tools, indicators and data opportunities to support more systematic assessment. By adopting a systems-oriented perspective, the report provides a practical foundation for strengthening the evidence base on drug-related environmental impacts and supports policymakers and practitioners working at the intersection of drug policy and environmental protection.