OBJECTIVES: Addiction and substance use disorders (SUDs) represent intricate conditions shaped by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychosocial influences. The promise of personalized medicine in addressing these disorders is not only encouraging but also transformative, potentially revolutionary, as it provides customized interventions that consider individual genetic, neurobiological, and psychosocial characteristics. This methodology primarily seeks to optimize treatment effectiveness, decrease relapse rates, and improve overall recovery results.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is centered around findings spanning the 1996-2026 time span, to underscore the essential pathways and innovations through which personalized or precision medicine can significantly enhance, and possibly revolutionize, the treatment of addiction disorders, particularly SUDs, in addition to the novel complexities such innovations entail.

RESULTS: Genetic and biomarker-guided treatments, the definition of genetic risk factors for addiction, neuroimaging and neurobiological profiling are key components of personalized medicine SUDs research, and they are poised to revolutionize such a crucial area of research. To that end, however, it is crucial to recognize both the new opportunities and clinical potentials and the persistent challenges that must be addressed before these innovative strategies can be fully utilized for the benefit of potentially millions of patients and the collective welfare of society, considering the detrimental effects of addiction and SUDs not only on individual users but also on the broader community.

CONCLUSIONS: Personalized medicine can revolutionize addiction treatment by enhancing precision, effectiveness, and patient-centered interventions. Further research and policy-/law-making updates are crucial to fully realize its clinical capabilities.