This EUDA Precursor Assessment Report examines the evidence on 4’-chloropropiophenone, evaluating its licit use in the EU and the extent of its use in illicit production.

4’-Chloropropiophenone is a chemical precursor used for the production of 4-CMC (Clephedrone or 4-chloromethcathinone) - a synthetic cathinone stimulant drug that has been present in the drug market in the European Union (EU) since at least 2014. 4-CMC has been under international control since 2020. In the period 2014-2023 seizures of 4-CMC in the EU have been close to an average of 300 kilograms per year.