BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Workplaces offer a practical setting for alcohol and other drug interventions, especially in industries where impairment introduces substantial risk. Screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in health care settings and shows promise in workplace settings. However, low participation and high attrition in previous workplace studies indicate a need for deeper understanding of feasibility and acceptability. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to identify likely determinants for implementing alcohol and other drug screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in two safety-sensitive industries in Australia.

METHODS: Qualitative research design based on semi-structured online interviews, focussed on the construction and manufacturing industries. Participants included 23 professionals working in health and safety roles representing 21 organisations located across six Australian jurisdictions. Interview transcripts were coded against the five domains of the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

FINDINGS: Sixteen determinants were identified that were expected to act as barriers (n = 10) or enablers (n = 5) or have bidirectional impacts (n = 1) on the implementation of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in construction and manufacturing. Enabling factors included freely available tools, flexible delivery methods and delivery by trusted, external, peer-based organisations. Pervasive barriers included workers' mistrust of management, concerns about confidentiality and fear of consequences for disclosing substance use.

CONCLUSIONS: Successful workplace implementation of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment appears to depend on organisational cultures where workers trust management, are assured of confidentiality and are not afraid of retribution for disclosure.