Comment - Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant in humans and has become ubiquitous in neonatal intensive care following the key Caffeine for Apnoea of Prematurity (CAP) trial. In this study, Schmidt et al. randomized 2006 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to receive either caffeine or placebo until treatment for apnoea was no longer required. There were significant improvements in motor outcomes at 2 years and fine motor development at 5 years, including enhanced visuomotor, visuoperceptual, and visuospatial functions with reduced developmental coordination disorder and benefits persisting through 11 years of age...