This paper outlines several case studies where community program-based efforts have been used to prevent or reduce alcohol problems. These include a programme in Rhode Island, USA, where three communities were selected for a survey. Two of the towns served as controls, with the third selected for intervention. Among the interventions was a training program for alcohol servers, which included enhanced enforcement of liquor laws and DWI laws. Outcomes were positive, with an a 27% increase in alcohol-related assault arrests, and a reduction in emergency room visits; a 9% reduction was seen for injury, 21% for assault and a 10% reduction for motor vehicle crashes. No such reduction was witnessed in the control communities. Several other case studies are included from around the world, where local communities have used a range of scientific methods to actively reduce harm to the community. The case studies reviewed listed show the potential for theory-driven community action to reduce local alcohol problems.