In December 2022, at the 18th Ministerial Conference under the motto “Human Rights at the Heart of Drug Policies”, the Council of Europe International Co-operation Group on Drugs and Addictions (the Pompidou Group) adopted the Lisbon declaration, which reaffirmed its commitment to a human rights-centred approach in addressing drugs, addictions and related challenges. This was based on the revised mandate of the Pompidou Group adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in June 2021, explicitly mandating the Pompidou Group “to promote respect for human rights in the framing, adoption, implementation and evaluation of drug and addiction policies”. In pursuing its mission to promote the compliance of drug and addiction policy with human rights, the Pompidou Group has taken action in various ways. These include policy papers, expert reports, tools and guidance documents and a broad range of capacity building activities. As a result, this work has led to a number of lasting initiatives and brought about important insights and understanding to help advance policies on drug, substance and behavioural addictions. This guidance document constitutes the next step forward by the Pompidou Group to bring human rights to the heart of these policies.