This Biennial Report showcases a selection of the work conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) during the period 2022– 2023. Cancer is an immense threat for sustain­able development and for our societies. The cancer burden continues to rise globally. IARC estimated that cancer will become the leading cause of premature death worldwide over the course of this century and the single most important barrier to further gains in life expectancy. The cancer burden is not equally distrib­uted across countries, within countries, and between different groups within societies.