Cully, Grace and Corcoran, Paul and Leahy, D and Griffin, Eve and Dillon, Christina and Cassidy, E and Shiely, Frances and Arensman, Ella (2019) Method of self-harm and risk of self-harm repetition: findings from a national self-harm registry. Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, pp. 843-850.
Risk of self-harm repetition has consistently been shown to be higher following self-cutting compared to intentional drug overdose (IDO) and other self-harm methods. The utility of previous evidence is limited due to the large heterogeneous method categories studied. This study examined risk of hospital presented self-harm repetition according to specific characteristics of self-harm methods.
Data on consecutive self-harm presentations to hospital emergency departments (2010–2016) were obtained from the National Self-Harm Registry Ireland. Associations between self-harm method and repetition were analysed using survival analyses.
Overall, 65,690 self-harm presentations were made involving 46,661 individuals. Self-harm methods associated with increased repetition risk included minor self-cutting, severe self-cutting, multiple drug IDOs involving psychotropic drugs and self-harm by blunt object. Minor self-cutting was the method associated with highest repetition risk (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.31–1.45). Risk of repetition was comparable following IDOs of four or more drugs involving psychotropic drugs (AHR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.39), severe self-cutting (AHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.16–1.34) and blunt object (AHR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42).
Information was not available on suicide or other causes of mortality.
Self-harm method and the associated risk of repetition should form a core part of biopsychosocial assessments and should inform follow-up care for self-harm patients. The observed differences in repetition associated with specific characteristics of IDO underline the importance of safety planning and monitoring prescribing for people who have engaged in IDO.
J Health care, prevention, harm reduction and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > Risk factors
MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on substance use > Harm reduction policy
VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland
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