Thorough search for evidence uncovers 37 studies which overall suggest that by tackling sexual and injecting risk behaviours, some interventions protect against HIV in adults with a history of criminal justice involvement. Methadone maintenance emerged as the best established.

Key points from summary and commentary
• This review considers studies of interventions to prevent HIV among people with current or previous involvement with the criminal justice system.
• Interventions which target injecting risk behaviours may protect against HIV, as well as improve substance use outcomes.
• Two interventions showing promise are methadone maintenance treatment and case management