The international community faces both challenges and opportunities for drug control, prevention and treatment in the era of the Internet, and the present chapter explores the intersection of the international drug control treaties and the challenges posed by the Internet, with a specific focus on the evolving landscape of online drug trafficking. Law enforcement authorities encounter difficulties in monitoring and prosecuting online drug activities due to the use of encryption technologies and jurisdictional issues that require global collaborative efforts. Social media is increasingly used as a local marketplace for illicit drugs, raising concerns about increased accessibility for children and adolescents.