This report is based on a literature review, commissioned by IPRT, Barnardos and IAYPIC and carried out in late 2009 and early 2010 by Candy Murphy, CMAdvice Ltd. The three commissioning organisations are responsible for the content of the report.

The commissioning of this literature review was the first stage in a joint programme of work for our three organisations which seeks to illustrate the potential for the policies and practices of prevention and early intervention identified in this report. The literature review provided a platform for our three organisations to develop a joint Position Paper, Shifting Focus: From Criminal Justice to Social Justice (published September 2010) and for a joint conference hosted by the three organisations on September 23rd 2010 in Dublin.