Novel psychoactive substances (NPS; also known as new psychoactive substances or popularly, although erroneously, as ‘legal highs’) is the name given to drugs that are newly synthesised or newly available, and which do not fall under the control of United Nations Drug Conventions. These drugs exist as a result of advances in academic, industrial, and psychonautic chemistry and are used for many of the same reasons given for traditional illegal drugs such as cannabis, ecstasy, and heroin. However, many NPS are not detected by routine forensic screens, and so are relatively popular in secure settings such as prisons, or in professions that are subject to random drug screening programmes..........