by Giuseppe N. Giordano, Henrik Ohlsson, Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist, Jan Sundquist
Abstract:
Aims Exposure to extraordinary traumatic experience is one acknowledged risk factor for drug use. We aim to analyse the influence of potentially life-changing childhood stressors, experienced second-hand, on later drug use disorder in a national population of Swedish adolescent and young adults (aged 15–26 years). Design We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, complemented with co-relative pair comparisons. Setting Sweden. Participants All individuals in the Swedish population born 1984–95, who were registered in Sweden at the end of the calendar year that they turned 14 years of age. Our follow-up time (mean 6.2 years; range 11 years) started at the year they turned 15 and continued to December 2011 (n = 1 409 218). Measurements Our outcome variable was drug use disorder, identified from medical, legal and pharmacy registry records. Childhood stressors, as per DSM-IV stressor criteria, include death of an immediate family member and second-hand experience of diagnoses of malignant cancer, serious accidental injury and victim of assault. Other covariates include parental divorce, familial psychological wellbeing and familial drug and alcohol use disorders. Findings After adjustment for all considered confounders, individuals exposed to childhood stressors ‘parental death’ or ‘parental assault’ had more than twice the risk of drug use disorder than those who were not [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.63 (2.23–3.09) and 2.39 (2.06–2.79), respectively]. Conclusions Children aged under 15 years who experience second-hand an extraordinary traumatic event (such as a parent or sibling being assaulted, diagnosed with cancer or dying) appear to have approximately twice the risk of developing a drug use disorder than those who do not.
Reference:
Unexpected adverse childhood experiences and subsequent drug use disorder: a Swedish population study (1995–2011) (Giuseppe N. Giordano, Henrik Ohlsson, Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist, Jan Sundquist), In Addiction, volume 109, no. 7, 2014.AbstractAims Exposure to extraordinary traumatic experience is one acknowledged risk factor for drug use. We aim to analyse the influence of potentially life-changing childhood stressors, experienced second-hand, on later drug use disorder in a national population of Swedish adolescent and young adults (aged 15–26 years). Design We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, complemented with co-relative pair comparisons. Setting Sweden. Participants All individuals in the Swedish population born 1984–95, who were registered in Sweden at the end of the calendar year that they turned 14 years of age. Our follow-up time (mean 6.2 years; range 11 years) started at the year they turned 15 and continued to December 2011 (n = 1 409 218). Measurements Our outcome variable was drug use disorder, identified from medical, legal and pharmacy registry records. Childhood stressors, as per DSM-IV stressor criteria, include death of an immediate family member and second-hand experience of diagnoses of malignant cancer, serious accidental injury and victim of assault. Other covariates include parental divorce, familial psychological wellbeing and familial drug and alcohol use disorders. Findings After adjustment for all considered confounders, individuals exposed to childhood stressors ‘parental death’ or ‘parental assault’ had more than twice the risk of drug use disorder than those who were not [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.63 (2.23–3.09) and 2.39 (2.06–2.79), respectively]. Conclusions Children aged under 15 years who experience second-hand an extraordinary traumatic event (such as a parent or sibling being assaulted, diagnosed with cancer or dying) appear to have approximately twice the risk of developing a drug use disorder than those who do not.KeywordsChildhood trauma, drug use disorder, full-sibling-pair comparison, longitudinal, relative risk, Sweden
Bibtex Entry:
@article {ADD:ADD12537,
author = {Giordano, Giuseppe N. and Ohlsson, Henrik and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Sundquist, Kristina and Sundquist, Jan},
title = {Unexpected adverse childhood experiences and subsequent drug use disorder: a Swedish population study (1995–2011)},
journal = {Addiction},
volume = {109},
number = {7},
issn = {1360-0443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12537},
doi = {10.1111/add.12537},
pages = {1119--1127},
keywords = {Childhood trauma, drug use disorder, full-sibling-pair comparison, longitudinal, relative risk, Sweden},
year = {2014},
abstract = {
Aims
Exposure to extraordinary traumatic experience is one acknowledged risk factor for drug use. We aim to analyse the influence of potentially life-changing childhood stressors, experienced second-hand, on later drug use disorder in a national population of Swedish adolescent and young adults (aged 15–26 years).
Design
We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, complemented with co-relative pair comparisons.
Setting
Sweden.
Participants
All individuals in the Swedish population born 1984–95, who were registered in Sweden at the end of the calendar year that they turned 14 years of age. Our follow-up time (mean 6.2 years; range 11 years) started at the year they turned 15 and continued to December 2011 (n = 1 409 218).
Measurements
Our outcome variable was drug use disorder, identified from medical, legal and pharmacy registry records. Childhood stressors, as per DSM-IV stressor criteria, include death of an immediate family member and second-hand experience of diagnoses of malignant cancer, serious accidental injury and victim of assault. Other covariates include parental divorce, familial psychological wellbeing and familial drug and alcohol use disorders.
Findings
After adjustment for all considered confounders, individuals exposed to childhood stressors ‘parental death’ or ‘parental assault’ had more than twice the risk of drug use disorder than those who were not [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.63 (2.23–3.09) and 2.39 (2.06–2.79), respectively].
Conclusions
Children aged under 15 years who experience second-hand an extraordinary traumatic event (such as a parent or sibling being assaulted, diagnosed with cancer or dying) appear to have approximately twice the risk of developing a drug use disorder than those who do not.
},
}