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2.

[Article] van Amsterdam, Jan and Nabben, Ton and van den Brink, Wim (2025) Appearance of 2-MMC and 3-MMC on the illicit drug market in the Netherlands: a systematic narrative review of the prevalence and risks. International Journal of Drug Policy, 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104971

3.

[Article] Duddy, Claire (2025) What are synthetic drugs? House of Commons Library Insight,

4.

[Webpage] Center for Forensic Science Research and Education. (2025) CSFRE new psychoactive substances (NPS). Scope recommendations. URL: https://www.cfsre.org/nps-discovery/scope-recommen...

5.

[FactSheet] HRB National Drugs Library. (2025) Factsheet: New psychoactive substances (NPS) - the Irish situation. Dublin: HRB National Drugs Library.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2025) Drug-related infectious diseases – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2025). Lisbon: EUDA.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2025) EUDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance 2-methylmethcathinone (2-MMC). Lisbon: EUDA.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2025) EUDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance 4-bromomethcathinone (4-BMC). Lisbon: EUDA.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2025) EUDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance N-ethylnorpentedrone (NEP). Lisbon: EUDA.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2025) Harm reduction – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2025). Lisbon: EUDA.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2025) New psychoactive substances – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2025). Lisbon: EUDA.

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14.

[Article] HSE drugs.ie. (2025) HSE MDMA update May 2025. drugs.ie,

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16.

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18.

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[Report] Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. (2025) Synthetic cathinones: an updated harms assessment. London: Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.

21.

[Webpage] Center for Forensic Science Research and Education. (2025) NPS discovery dashboard [United States]. URL: https://www.npsdiscovery.org/reports/dashboard/

22.

[Article] Muschialli, Luke and Yang, Justin C and Engstrom, Teyl and Puljevic, Cheneal and Beltazar, Edoardo and Beltazar, Emmanuel and Siddique, Owais and Ferris, Jason and Connolly, Dean J (2025) Sexualized drug use and chemsex: a bibliometric and content analysis of published literature. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 57, (3), pp. 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2367614

23.

[Dataset] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2025) Data from the UNODC early warning advisory on new psychoactive substances.

24.

[Webpage] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2025) UNODC Early warning advisory (EWA) on new psychoactive substances (NPS). URL: https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Home/NPS

25.

[Article] Wang, Jing and Hao, Yulei and Ma, Di and Feng, Liangshu and Yang, Feng and An, Pingxu and Su, Xingqi and Feng, Jiachun (2025) Neurotoxicity mechanisms and clinical implications of six common recreational drugs. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1526270

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[Webpage] WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. (2024) Expert Committee on Drug Dependence information repository. URL: https://ecddrepository.org/en

27.

[Report] Walton, Sara E and Lattanzio, Nicole and Brown, Kyle and Brunner, Branden and Liston, Melanie and Papsun, Donna M and DeBord, Joshua and Logan, Barry K and Krotulski, Alex J (2024) N-Isopropyl Butylone — NPS Discovery new drug monograph. United States: Center for Forensic Science Research and Education.

28.

[Report] Walton, Sara E and Palamar, Joseph J and Acosta, Patricia and Abukahok, Nina and Stang, Brianna N and Reyes, Alyssa G and Logan, Barry K and Krotulski, Alex J (2024) Chloromethcathinone — NPS Discovery new drug monograph. United States: Center for Forensic Science Research and Education.

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30.

[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2024) Drug supply, production and precursors – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2024). Lisbon: EUDA.

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[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2024) Drug-related infectious diseases – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2024). Lisbon: EUDA.

32.

[Report] European Union Drugs Agency. (2024) New psychoactive substances – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2024). Lisbon: EUDA.

33.

[Report] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2024) The challenge of new psychoactive substances - a technical update. Vienna: United Nations.

34.

[Webpage] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Europol. (2024) EU drug market: New psychoactive substances — Distribution and supply in Europe: Synthetic cathinones. URL: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/eu-drug-...

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[Report] World Health Organization. (2024) Clinical descriptions and diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization.

36.

[Article] Millar, Seán (2024) Injecting trends in Dublin and Midlands regions: results from Syringe Analysis Programme, 2021–2022. Drugnet Ireland, Issue 89, Autumn 2024. pp. 50-52.

37.

[FactSheet] Jordan, Deborah (2024) Chemsex drugs: what are they? Wicklow: East Coast Regional Drug and Alcohol Task Force.

38.

[Article] Salgueiro-Gonzalez, Noelia and Béen, Frederic and Bijlsma, Lubertus and Boogaerts, Tim and Covaci, Adrian and Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio and Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara and Matias, João and Ort, Christoph and Bodík, Igor and Heath, Ester and Styszko, Katarzyna and Emke, Erik and Hernández, Félix and van Nuijs, Alexander L N and Castiglioni, Sara (2024) Influent wastewater analysis to investigate emerging trends of new psychoactive substances use in Europe. Water Research, 254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121390

39.

[FactSheet] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2024) What are NPS? Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

40.

[Report] Stegemann, Lavinia and van Gelder, Nadine and van der Gouwe, Daan and Smit-Rigter, Laura (2023) How drug information systems contribute to enhance preparedness. Strengthening Europe’s responses to emerging drug trends. Amsterdam: Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network.