%O Extracted and elaborated information from Cork Simon Community: Moving towards trauma informed care. a model of research and practice. By Dr. Sharon Lambert & Graham Gill-Emerson. 2017. %T ACEs at Cork Simon: exploring the connection between early trauma and later negative life events among Cork Simon service users. %X Cork Simon Community works with some of the most vulnerable and marginalised people. We operate a ?low threshold? service, meaning we accept and support people with multiple needs, chronic addictions and challenging behaviours. As a consequence we often work with people excluded from other services - people who have no-where else to turn. We work in solidarity with men and women over the age of 18 and each year support about 1,200 people on their pathway back to independent or supported living. Our door is always open and we support people for as long as they need us. ACE stands for Adverse Childhood Experiences. These traumatic events, experienced before the age of 18, have been shown to have long-term negative impacts on health and well-being. Children are especially sensitive to repeated trauma because their brains and bodies are just developing. High doses of adversity during childhood have been found to alter brain development as well as the immune system, with serious implications for later physical, mental and social health. ACE scores range from 0 to 10 and are assessed through a simple 10 question survey, with each question representing an area of trauma. Answering yes to a question counts as one ACE. 5 of the 10 types of childhood trauma measured through the ACE questionnaire are personal and five relate to other family members %D 2017 %I Cork Simon Community %L ndc27968 %T Under the influence: factors affecting youth drinking in Dublin 12. %X On November 22nd 2016, sixty young people living or attending school in Dublin 12 were invited to a youth forum organized as part of European Action on Alcohol Week. This report has been written to provide a record of the event. On the day, young people where given the opportunity to spend two hours discussing alcohol with their peers and learning about the effects of alcohol. They also worked within groups to provide some insight into how young people think about alcohol. This feedback was collated and analyzed and the results are outlined. %C Dublin %D 2017 %I Dublin 12 LDATF %L ndc27832 %A Marina Bosque-Prous %A Mirte AG Kuipers %A Albert Espelt %A Matthias Richter %A Arja Rimpel? %A Julian Perelman %A Bruno Federico %A M Teresa Brugal %A Vincent Lorant %A Anton E Kunst %J BMC Public Health %T Adolescent alcohol use and parental and adolescent socioeconomic position in six European cities. %X Background: Many risk behaviours in adolescence are socially patterned. However, it is unclear to what extent socioeconomic position (SEP) influences adolescent drinking in various parts of Europe. We examined how alcohol consumption is associated with parental SEP and adolescents? own SEP among students aged 14?17 years. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected in the 2013 SILNE study. Participants were 8705 students aged 14?17 years from 6 European cities. The dependent variable was weekly binge drinking. Main independent variables were parental SEP (parental education level and family affluence) and adolescents? own SEP (student weekly income and academic achievement). Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance and random intercept were fitted to estimate the association between adolescent drinking and SEP. Results: Prevalence of weekly binge drinking was 4.2% (95%CI = 3.8?4.6). Weekly binge drinking was not associated with parental education or family affluence. However, weekly binge drinking was less prevalent in adolescents with high academic achievement than those with low achievement (PR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.14?0.87), and more prevalent in adolescents with >?50 weekly income compared to those with ??5/week (PR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.23?4.42). These associations were found to vary according to country, but not according to gender or age group. Conclusions: Across the six European cities, adolescent drinking was associated with adolescents? own SEP, but not with parental SEP. Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent drinking seem to stem from adolescents? own situation rather than that of their family. %N 646 %V 17 %D 2017 %R doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7 %I BioMed Central %L ndc27751 %T The brain under construction [1]: a window into the developing brain. %X This briefing paper is part of a mini-series on ?The Brain Under Construction?. This paper looks at the structure and function of the brain and considers the uniqueness of the adolescent brain. Pictures of the brain in action show that adolescent?s brains work differently than adults and scientific research is showing that the brain systems involved in decision-making, planning, social understanding and risk-taking are developing in adolescence. This research could have implications for education, rehabilitation and intervention. %C London %D 2017 %I Mentor ADEPSIS %L ndc27552 %J Drug and Alcohol Findings Bulletin %T Intervention targets personality traits of high-risk London pupils. %X School staff trained to deliver personality-targeted substance use interventions to London high school pupils ? effectively delaying cannabis use among a subset (those identified as ?sensation-seekers?). Key points from summary and commentary ? The Adventure Trial tested the impact of personality-relevant coping skills on cannabis use among London high school pupils. ? High-risk young people were allocated to receive an intervention matched to their specific vulnerabilities (?hopelessness?, ?anxiety-sensitivity?, ?impulsivity?, or ?sensation-seeking?). ? Cannabis use was effectively delayed only among a subset ? those identified as ?sensation-seekers? %C London %N 5 May 2017 %D 2017 %I Drug and Alcohol Findings %L ndc27384 %A Raphaela Banzer %A C Haring %A A Buchheim %A S Oehler %A V Carli %A C Wasserman %A M Kaess %A A Apter %A J Balazs %A J Bobes %A R Brunner %A P Corcoran %A D Cosman %A C W Hoven %A J P Kahn %A H S Keeley %A V Postuvan %A T Podlogar %A M Sisask %A A V?rnik %A M Sarchiapone %A D Wasserman %J European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry %T Factors associated with different smoking status in European adolescents: results of the SEYLE study. %X Early onset and long-term smoking are associated with physical and psychological health problems. The aim of the presented analysis was to investigate risk and influencing factors for different smoking status in a big sample of European adolescents. In the context of the "saving and empowering young lives in Europe" (SEYLE) study we surveyed 12,328 adolescents at the age of 13-17 from 11 countries. The survey took place in a school-based context using a questionnaire. Overall 58% reported the onset of ever-smoking under the age of 14 and 30.9% smoke on a daily basis. Multinomial logistic regression model showed significant positive associations between adolescent smoking and internalizing problems (suicidal behavior, direct self-injurious behavior, anxiety), externalizing problems (conduct problems, hyperactivity, substance consumption) and family problems (parental substance consumption, broken home). Our data show that smoking among adolescents is still a major public health problem and adolescents who smoke are at higher risk for mental problems. Further, adolescent smoking is associated with broken home families and parental behaviors. Therefore, early preventive measures are necessary not only for adolescents, but also for their parents. %V Early online %D 2017 %R DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0980-4 %I Springer %L ndc27139 %A Geir Smedslund %A Sabine Wollscheid %A Lin Fang %A Wendy Nilsen %A Asbj?rn Steiro %A Lillebeth Larun %J Campbell Systematic Reviews %T Effect of early, brief computerized interventions on risky alcohol and cannabis use among young people. %X Background: Young people?s risky use of alcohol or recreational drugs, such as cannabis, remains a significant public health issue. Many countries have made substantial efforts to minimize the long-term consequences of alcohol and/or cannabis use at multiple levels, ranging from government policy initiatives to primary health care services. In this review, we focused on the effects of brief interventions, provided by electronic devices (computerized brief interventions). A brief intervention is defined as any preventive or therapeutic activity delivered by a health worker, psychologist, social worker, or volunteer worker, and given within a maximum of four structured therapy sessions each lasting between five and ten minutes with a maximum total time of one hour. Brief interventions may work by making the clients think differently about their alcohol/cannabis use, and by providing them with skills to change their behavior if they are motivated to change. A computerized brief intervention, in contrast, is not directly delivered by a human being, but may be delivered through online and offline electronic devices. Such interventions can reach large audiences at a low cost and can simultaneously simulate an ?interpersonal therapeutic component? by targeting recipients? feedback. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of early, computerized brief interventions on alcohol and cannabis use by young people aged 15 to 25 years who are high or risky consumers of either one or both of these substances by synthesizing data from randomized controlled trials. Search methods: We searched 11 electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cinahl and The Cochrane Library in April 2016 for published, unpublished and ongoing studies using adapted subject headings and a comprehensive list of free-text terms. Additionally, we searched the reference lists of the included studies. We also have set up an EBSCO host alert notification (EPAlerts@EPNET.COM ) that continuously surveys the Cochrane Library (including CENTRAL), Medline and Embase. We receive updated searches via email. This search is up to date as of May 2016. Selection criteria: We included all randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of any computerized brief intervention used as a stand-alone treatment aimed at reducing alcohol and/or cannabis consumption. Eligible comparators included no intervention, waiting list control or an alternative brief intervention (computerized or non-computerized). Participants were young people between 15 and 25 years of age who were defined as risky consumers of alcohol or cannabis, or both. Data collection and analysis: Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts against the inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently assessed the full texts of all included articles. We used standard methodological procedures expected by the Campbell Collaboration. Results: We included 60 studies that had randomized 33,316 participants in this review. Study characteristics: The studies were mostly from the United States and targeted high and risky alcohol use among university students. Bias/quality assessment: Some of the studies lacked clear descriptions of how the randomization sequence was generated and concealed. Many of the studies did not blind the participants. Some of the studies suffered from high loss to follow-up, and few studies had a pre-registered protocol. Findings: For alcohol, we found moderate quality evidence that multi-dose assessment and feedback was more effective than a single-dose assessment. We found low quality evidence that assessment and feedback might be more effective than no intervention. Assessment and feedback might also be more effective than assessment alone (low quality evidence). Short-term effects (< 6 months) were mostly larger than long-term (?6 months) effects. For cannabis, we found that assessment and feedback might slightly reduce short-term consumption compared to no intervention. Adding feedback to assessment may have little or no effect on short-term cannabis consumption. Moreover, there may be little or no difference between assessment plus feedback and education on short-term and long-term cannabis consumption. Adverse effects: We did not find evidence of any adverse effects of the interventions. Implications for policy, practice and research: Computerized brief interventions are easy to administer, and the evidence from this review indicates that such brief interventions might reduce drinking for several months after the intervention. Additionally, there is no evidence for adverse effects. This means that brief, computerized interventions could be feasible ways of dealing with risky alcohol use among young people. The evidence on cannabis consumption is scarcer, suggesting the need for more research. %N 6 %V 13 %C London %D 2017 %R DOI: 10.4073/csr.2017.6 %I The Campbell Collaboration %L ndc27143 %A Elaine M McMahon %A Grace O?Regan %A Paul Corcoran %A Ella Arensman %A Mary Cannon %A Eileen Williamson %A Helen Keeley %T Young lives in Ireland: a school-based study of mental health and suicide prevention. %X Globally, mental disorders are the largest cause of disability among those aged 10-24 years (1), with approximately half of all mental disorders emerging during adolescence, broadly the period between the ages of 12 and 18 (2-5). Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young people (6) and in Ireland peak rates of hospital-treated self-harm are among 20-24 year old males and 15-19 year old females (7). Connecting for Life, Ireland?s National Strategy to Reduce Suicide 2015-2020, has identified young people aged 15-24 as a priority group at whom to target approaches to reduce suicidal behaviour and improve mental health (Goal 3, page 29) (8). Youth suicide prevention programmes are often based in a school setting. However, high-quality evidence has been limited, in both an Irish and international setting, to identify the true impact of suicide prevention interventions (9). In particular, no randomised controlled trials of school-based prevention programmes examining changes in suicidal behaviour had been conducted anywhere in Europe prior to the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study. In this report we present the research findings of the SEYLE study, a mental health-promoting programme for adolescents in European schools (10). The study participants, 11,110 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years old, were recruited from randomly selected mainstream second-level schools in ten European countries. The study was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that aimed to identify an effective method of promoting adolescent mental health and decreasing suicidal thoughts and behaviours. A second aim was to gather information on the lifestyles and mental health of adolescents in order to identify risk and protective factors associated with suicidal behaviour. In this report we present both overall findings of the multi-centre trial and detailed findings on the mental health and lifestyles of Irish youth using data from the Irish study centre. In addition, this report details a range of risk and protective factors associated with mental ill-health and suicidal behaviour in Irish adolescents. The SEYLE trial identified one school-based intervention, Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM), that was associated with a significantly lower number of subsequent suicide attempts and suicidal ideation compared to the control intervention (10). YAM is a brief, universal mental health awareness programme that was delivered in the classroom over a four-week period and includes role-play sessions, interactive lectures and workshops. The programme aimed to improve the mental health literacy and coping skills of young people, to raise awareness of risk and protective factors associated with suicide, and to enhance young people?s knowledge about mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. %C Cork %D 2017 %I National Suicide Research Foundation %L ndc27153 %A James Williams %A Gareth Hagger-Johnson %J BMJ Open %T Childhood academic ability in relation to cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use from adolescence into early adulthood: Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE). %X OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine the association between childhood academic ability and the onset and persistence of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use across adolescence in a representative sample of English schools pupils. Previous research has produced conflicting findings. DESIGN: Data from 7?years of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), 2004-2010 (age 13/14-19/20). SETTING: Self-completion questionnaires during home visits, face-to-face interviews and web-based questionnaires. PARTICIPANTS: Data from 6059 participants (3093 females) with information on academic ability around age 11 and health behaviours from age 13/14 to 16/17 (early adolescence) and from age 18/19 to 19/20 (late adolescence). OUTCOME MEASURES: Regularity of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use from early to late adolescence. RESULTS: In multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for a range of covariates, the high (vs low) academic ability reduced the risk of persistent cigarette smoking (RR=0.62; CI 95% 0.48 to 0.81) in early adolescence. High (vs low) academic ability increased the risk of occasional (RR=1.25; CI 95% 1.04 to 1.51) and persistent (RR=1.83; CI 95% 1.50 to 2.23) regular alcohol drinking in early adolescence and persistent (RR=2.28; CI 95% 1.84 to 2.82) but not occasional regular alcohol drinking in late adolescence. High academic ability was also positively associated with occasional (RR=1.83; CI 95% 1.50 to 2.23) and persistent (RR=1.83; CI 95% 1.50 to 2.23) cannabis use in late adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: In a sample of over 6000 young people in England, high childhood academic at age 11 is associated with a reduced risk of cigarette smoking but an increased risk of drinking alcohol regularly and cannabis use. These associations persist into early adulthood, providing evidence against the hypothesis that high academic ability is associated with temporary 'experimentation' with substance use. %N 2 %P e012989 %V 7 %D 2017 %I BMJ Publishing %R doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012989. %L ndc26918 %A Agnes Aynsley %A Rick Bradley %A Linssay Buchanan %A Naomi Burrows %A Marc Bush %T Childhood adversity, substance misuse and young people?s mental health. %X Substance misuse is just one form of risk-taking behaviour, and can be a sign that young people are dealing with adversity, trauma, and/or experimenting with their identities. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are events that have a traumatic and lasting effect on the mental health of young people. Children who experience four or more adversities, are twice as likely to binge drink, and eleven times more likely to go on to use crack cocaine or heroin %C London %D 2017 %I Addaction %L ndc27500 %A Ellen Leslie %A Andrew Smirnov %A Jake M Najman %A John Scott %J Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice %T Alcohol use and motivations for drinking among types of young adult illicit stimulant users. %X Drinking among young adult users of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) during episodes of ecstasy and methamphetamine use is reported to have a number of possible functions, such as mitigating the unwanted effects of the drugs, enhancing intoxication and pleasure, and increasing drinking capacity. While there is evidence to suggest a high prevalence of risky drinking among users of ATS in Australia, little is known about how they combine their use of ATS with the consumption of alcohol or why they do so. This paper considers how ATS users consume alcohol during ecstasy and methamphetamine use, and also addresses alcohol abuse and dependence among low-risk and at-risk ATS users. At-risk users are more likely to have experienced alcohol abuse and dependence during adolescence or early adulthood, suggesting that higher-risk use of ATS may be linked with problematic drinking patterns. The paper suggests that problematic behaviour relating to alcohol and ATS use is interlinked, and may be important in developing appropriate policy responses. %N 515 %D 2016 %C Canberra %I Australian Institute of Criminology %L ndc26512 %A Xiangfei Meng %A Carl D'Arcy %J BMC Psychiatry %T Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis. %X BACKGROUND: Although some studies examined the moderating role of gender in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental disorders later in life, a number of them examined the effects of only one or two types of maltreatment on an individual mental disorder, for instance, depression, substance use. It is of considerable clinical and theoretical importance to have in-depth understanding what roles of different types of childhood abuse play out in a wide range of mental disorders among women and men using well accepted instruments measuring abuse and mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine this issue using a large nationally representative population sample to explore the gender effect of different types of childhood abuse in mental disorders, and assess the moderating role of gender in the abuse-mental disorder relationship. METHODS: Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2012: Mental Health we sought to answer this question. Respondents with information on childhood maltreatment prior to age 16 were selected (N?=?23, 395). RESULTS: We found: i) strong associations between childhood abuse frequency and gender; ii) significant differences between men and women in terms of mental disorders; iii) strong associations between childhood abuse and mental disorders; and, iv) gender moderated the role of childhood abuse history on adulthood mental disorders. Females with a history of sexual abuse and/or exposure to interpersonal violence were at a greater risk of alcohol abuse or dependence later in life. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention should occur as early as possible, and should help female victims of childhood sexual abuse and/or exposure to interpersonal violence, and their families to build more constructive ways to effectively reduce the negative affects of these experiences. Recognition of the moderating role of gender on the relationship between childhood abuse history and mental disorders later in life may aid clinicians and researchers in providing optimal health services. %N 1 %P 401 %V 16 %D 2016 %I BioMed Central %L ndc27622 %T Growing up in Ireland. Key findings: child cohort at 17/18 years. No. 4: risky health behaviours and sexual activity. %C Dublin %D 2016 %I Economic and Social Research Institute %L ndc26344 %T Cherishing all the children equally? Ireland 100 years on from the Easter Rising. %X Cherishing all the children equally? brings together contributions from a range of disciplines to shed light on the processes of child development and to investigate how that development is influenced by a variety of demographic, family and socio-economic factors. Making extensive use of research and data that have emerged over recent years from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal study of children, the book considers whether or not all children can participate fully and equitably in contemporary Irish society. It asks whether or not we do, in fact, cherish all our children equally in modern Ireland, regardless of their family circumstances, health or ethnic background. Tables of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Changing perceptions and experiences of childhood, 1916-2016 3. Children and families, then & now 4. Is family structure a source of inequality in children?s lives? 5. Parental investment & child development 6. Inequalities in access to early care and education in Ireland 7. Inequalities from the start? children?s integration into primary school 8. Insights into the prevalence of special educational needs 9. The experiences of migrant children in Ireland 10. Social variation in child health & development: a life-course approach 11. Child access to GP services in Ireland: do user fees matter? 12. Anti-social behaviour at age 13 13. Child economic vulnerability dynamics in the recession 14. Concluding observations %C Dublin %D 2016 %I Oak Tree Press %L ndc26255 %E James Williams %E Elizabeth Nixon %E Emer Smyth %E Dorothy Watson %A Ian Wybron %T Youth drinking in transition. %X This report explores the drinking habits of young adults in Great Britain. It seeks to contribute evidence to explain some of the shifting trends in these drinking habits as reported in the official statistics ? including the decline in binge drinking and rise in teetotalism. And it looks in particular at the drinking habits of students, those in work, and those not in education, employment or training (NEETs), as three major case studies. While we have sought to highlight where positive steps have been made ? following our earlier work Character and Moderation ? we have also sought to present a balanced view, identifying outstanding challenges for those concerned with excessive alcohol consumption. %C London %D 2016 %I DEMOS %L ndc26123 %A Aileen O'Gorman %J Drugs: Education Prevention and Policy %T Chillin, buzzin, getting mangled, and coming down: Doing differentiated normalisation in risk environments. %X Aims: This paper examines differentiated normalisation through the lens of young drug users from a marginalised Dublin neighbourhood where drugs are readily available, prevalence rates are high, and a flourishing drugs market operates. Findings: The narratives of these marginalised young people illustrate how drug use and drug choices are shaped by different intentions, avowed identities and diverse structural, temporal and socio-spatial settings. Their routines and drug repertoires echo the (mainly) reasoned consumption choices, the cost?benefit analyses and the emphasis on pleasure and fun ascribed to recreational drug users, including those who underpin the normalisation concept. However, their drug using practices continue to be rendered deviant due to their experience of social exclusion; exclusion from consumption-orientated lifestyles and from the night time economy; and their inclusion in the informal drugs economy. Conclusion: Normalisation is relative (not just differentiated) to the social status of the drug user. A reconstructed normalisation thesis inclusive of class (and race, and gender) could explore why the use of similar drugs and similar drug using behaviours by different social groups is differentially accommodated and accepted by mainstream society. %N 3 %P 247-254 %V 23 %D 2016 %I Taylor & Francis %R DOI:10.1080/09687637.2016.1176991 %L ndc25573 %A Sophie D Walsh %A Zlata Bruckauf %A Tania Gaspar %T Adolescents at risk. Psychosomatic health complaints, low life satisfaction, excessive sugar consumption and their relationship with cumulative risks. %X Adolescence is a time of transitions when experimentation, risk taking and active peer interactions can be viewed as a part of the development process. Yet, for some groups of young people with reported poor psychosomatic health, low life satisfaction or unhealthy eating habits these experiences may be different. Empirical evidence is limited in recognising the overlapping and cumulative risks of adolescents? health disadvantage and multiple externalized risk behaviours and outcomes (smoking, drinking, binge drinking, regular fighting, injuries and bullying). Drawing on the most recent 2013/2014 data of the Health Behaviour of School Children (HBSC) study, this paper examines the risks of individual and cumulative risks (three or more types) associated with being in the bottom group of psychosomatic health complaints, life satisfaction and unhealthy eating (excessive sugar consumption) across 29 countres. Using multivariate logistic modelling, the association that was the strongest, most consistent and independent of family affluence (FAS) was that between cumulative risks and high levels of psychosomatic health complaints. Similarly consistent, although weaker, is the association found between adolescents? low life satisfaction and unhealthy eating. Only in Greece and Hungary does the association between cumulative risks and life satisfaction seem to be mediated by family socio-economic status (SES). This is also the case for Denmark and Malta in the case of unhealthy eating. %C Florence %D 2016 %I UNICEF Office of Research %R Innocenti Working Paper No.2016-13 %L ndc26943 %T Fairness for children: a league table of inequality in child well-being in rich countries, Innocenti report card 13. %X This Report Card presents an overview of inequalities in child well-being in 41 countries of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It focuses on ?bottom-end inequality? ? the gap between children at the bottom and those in the middle ? and addresses the question ?how far behind are children being allowed to fall?? in income, education, health and life satisfaction. Across the OECD, he risks of poverty have been shifting from the elderly towards youth since the 1980s. These developments accentuate the need to monitor the well-being of the most disadvantaged children, but income inequality also has far-reaching consequences for society, harming educational attainment, key health outcomes and even economic growth. A concern with fairness and social justice requires us to consider whether some members of society are being left so far behind that it unfairly affects their lives both now and in the future. This Report Card asks the same underlying question as Report Card 9, which focused on inequality in child well-being, but uses the most recent data available and includes more countries. %C Florencd %D 2016 %I UNICEF Office of Research ? Innocenti %L ndc25392 %A Yvonne Kelly %A Alice Goisis %A Amanda Sacker %A Noriko Cable %A Richard G Watt %A Annie Britton %J BMC Public Health %T What influences 11-year-olds to drink? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. %X BACKGROUND: Drinking in youth is linked to other risky behaviours, educational failure and premature death. Prior research has examined drinking in mid and late teenagers, but little is known about the factors that influence drinking at the beginning of adolescence. Objectives were: 1. to assess associations of parental and friends' drinking with reported drinking among 11?year olds; 2. to investigate the roles of perceptions of harm, expectancies towards alcohol, parental supervision and family relationships on reported drinking among 11?year olds. METHODS: Analysis of data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study on 10498 11-year-olds. The outcome measure was having drank an alcoholic drink, self-reported by cohort members. RESULTS: 13.6?% of 11?year olds reported having drank. Estimates reported are odds ratios and 95?% confidence intervals. Cohort members whose mothers drank were more likely to drink (light/moderate?=?1.6, 1.3 to 2.0, heavy/binge?=?1.8, 1.4 to 2.3). Cohort members whose fathers drank were also more likely to drink but these estimates lost statistical significance when covariates were adjusted for (light/moderate?=?1.3, 0.9 to 1.9, heavy/binge?=?1.3, 0.9 to 1.9). Having friends who drank was strongly associated with cohort member drinking (4.8, 3.9 to 5.9). Associated with reduced odds of cohort member drinking were: heightened perception of harm from 1-2 drinks daily (some?=?0.9, 0.7 to 1.1, great?=?0.6, 0.5 to 0.7); and negative expectancies towards alcohol (0.5, 0.4 to 0.7). Associated with increased odds of cohort member drinking were: positive expectancies towards alcohol (1.9, 1.4 to 2.5); not being supervised on weekends and weekdays (often?=?1.2, 1.0 to 1.4); frequent battles of will (1.3, 1.1 to 1.5); and not being happy with family (1.2, 1.0 to 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: Examining drinking at this point in the lifecourse has potentially important public health implications as around one in seven 11?year olds have drank, although the vast majority are yet to explore alcohol. Findings support interventions working at multiple levels that incorporate family and peer factors to help shape choices around risky behaviours including drinking. %N 169 %P 169 %V 16 %D 2016 %I BioMed Central %L ndc27676 %T Children's Rights Alliance report card 2016. %X The Children's Rights Alliance Annual Report Card, now in its eighth edition, scrutinises the Government on its key commitments to children in the Programme for Government. For the fourth year in a row, the Government is awarded an overall ?C? Grade, as assessed and graded by our independent panel of experts, and reflecting a number of positive developments. However, there are also a number of key areas within which the government has continued to fail the most marginalised groups and these need to be urgently addressed. One ?A? grade appears in Report Card 2016, namely the section on ?Inequalities in Family Life?. This is as a result of much-needed, comprehensive family law reform during 2015. The Chapter on Education fared well: ?School Buildings? received an ?A-? and ?Child Literacy? gained a ?B+?. The Right to Protection from Abuse and Neglect also did well receiving an overall ?B? grade. These were all dragged down by poor grades for ?Child Poverty? awarded an ?E-? grade and ?Child and Youth Homelessness? which dropped to an ?F?. The situation for ?Traveller and Roma Children? and ?Migrant Children? only slightly improved, receiving an ?E-? and a ?D-? respectively. P.63 Alcohol, Smoking and Drugs ?Alcohol, Smoking and Drugs? gets a ?B? grade in Report Card 2016, an increase from the ?C-? awarded in Report Card 2015. 2015 saw the long awaited publication of the Public Health Alcohol Bill 2015, the successful passage of the Public Health (Standardised Packaging of Tobacco) Act 2015 and a commitment to develop a new Drugs Strategy in 2016. %C Dublin %D 2016 %I Children's Rights Alliance %L ndc25297 %T Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people's health and well-being. %X The report releases data from 42 countries on a range of new topics, such as peer relationships and family support, the school environment, migration, cyber-bullying and serious injury, with the more traditional data on alcohol and tobacco consumption, mental health and nutrition-related behaviour. The report provides data on gender differences and behaviour change in the 11?15-year age group, years that mark a period of increased autonomy that can influence how health and health-related behaviour develops and continues into adulthood. The report highlights socioeconomic differences and variations between countries and regions. It identifies opportunities for policy interventions, as the findings underline the importance of the wider social context and the effect it can have on young people's health. %C Copenhagan %D 2016 %I WHO Regional Office for Europe %L ndc25306 %A Milica Vasiljevic %A Dragos C Petrescu %A Theresa M Marteau %J Tobacco Control %T Impact of advertisements promoting candy-like flavoured e-cigarettes on appeal of tobacco smoking among children: an experimental study. %D 2016 %I BMJ Publishing %L ndc25046 %A Deirdre Mongan %J Drugnet Ireland %T Adolescents? exposure to alcohol marketing. %D 2016 %I Health Research Board %P 6 %L ndc25134 %V Issue 56, Winter 2016 %A P Barrett %A C Bradley %J Irish Journal of Medical Science %T Attitudes and perceived risk of cannabis use in Irish adolescents. %X INTRODUCTION Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the developed world and its use is associated with several adverse physical and mental health effects and negative social outcomes. Earlier use of cannabis increases the risk of adverse effects. Attitudes and perceived risk towards drugs are regarded as strong influences in determining whether or not a person uses cannabis, but there is little existing research on Irish teenagers' attitudes to the risks of this drug. METHODS This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study using a structured, anonymous questionnaire. The study was undertaken in nine public and private secondary schools in Cork City and suburbs. Students aged 15-18 and in fourth, fifth or sixth year of school were included. RESULTS Of the 507 participating students, 39.3?% (n?=?199) reported previous cannabis use. There were significantly lower levels of perceived risk of cannabis among those who had used the drug compared with those who had not, for all categories of risk (p?