Drugs and AlcoholElectronic nicotine delivery systems.Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy)Nicotine product (e-cigarette)Availability or accessibility to minors2014WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco ControlReport

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Drugs and AlcoholAlcohol and cannabis use among school-aged children in Ireland.JeanLongauthorAvailability or accessibility to minorsUnderage drinkerIrelandStudent (secondary level)Alcohol consumptionCannabis / MarijuanaUnderage drinkingAlcohol useDrugs and alcohol use behaviour2012-06Health Research BoardArticle

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Drugs and AlcoholSubstance abuse amongst adolescents in modern suburban ireland.ColinHalbgewachsauthorHazwaniIsmailauthorKaverveerPurewalauthorSarahCulkinauthorVickiSandysauthorZakariyahAlHadadauthorElizabethBarrettauthorAnne MarieMurphyauthorEdnaRocheauthorThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) defines drug abuse as a pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning. One of the following must be present within a 12 month period: Recurrent use resulting in a failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations (e.g., driving while intoxicated) Legal problems resulting from recurrent use Continued use despite significant social or interpersonal problems caused by the substance use. Risk Factors The presence of risk factors can have a major influence on an adolescent's potential for substance abuse3. Individual: poor social skills, physical/sexual abuse, poor school performance and having a positive perception of substances. Environmental: poor/absent parenting skills, family violence, parental use, poor enforcement/laws, lack of recreational activities, poor socioeconomic status and substance accessibility. ESPAD 2007 The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs(1) (ESPAD) collects comparable data on substance use among 15–16 year-old European students in order to monitor trends within as well as between countries. Social Context Despite the punitive measures imposed by Irish legislation, pervasive cultural norms take a more lax perspective. 43% of Irish teenagers disapprove of peers who get drunk on a regular basis, compared to 80% of their counterparts in Italy, and 74% in Greece(4). 57% of teenagers stated that it would be easy for them to get cocaine, and 61% reporting a high rate of access to ecstasy, alcohol and tobacco(5).Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person)Availability or accessibility to minorsIrelandurban societyrisk factorsUnderage drinkingDrugs and alcohol use behaviour2011-12Conference or Workshop Item

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Drugs and AlcoholOne on every corner: the relationship between off-licence density and alcohol harms in young people.Alcohol Concern’s Youth Policy project commissioned Dr Nikki Coghill, Senior Research Fellow at the University of the West of England, to conduct some statistical analysis into the density of off-licensed premises and alcohol harms in young people in selected areas of England. As far as we are aware, this is the first study of its kind in this country to focus on the links between off-licence density and harms in under-18s. The analysis uncovered a moderate but statistically significant relationship between the density of off-licensed premises and alcohol specific hospital admissions in young people under-18-years-old per 100,000 of population. Our findings suggest that the greater the availability of alcohol, the greater the risk of young people suffering alcohol harm. Therefore, the changing nature of where we buy and consume alcohol may have an impact on the risk of harms to young people. Limitations in the recording of alcohol-related conditions in hospitals and A&E departments means that the results from this study are likely to be an under-representation of the true picture of harms impacting on young people. Effective harm prevention therefore not only requires targeting education, information and support at an individual level among young people, but control of the concentration of alcohol outlets at a community level.Context encouraging drugs and alcohol useAvailability or accessibility to minorsAlcohol consumptionUnderage drinkingUnited KingdomAlcohol useAlcohol beverage sales outletAdolescent / youth (teenager / young person)Underage drinkerrisk factors2011Alcohol ConcernReport

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Drugs and AlcoholReport on the impact of marketing, price and availability of alcohol on young people’s consumption levels.Table of conents: Summary Background Introduction: Young people’s alcohol consumption The influence of alcohol marketing strategies Study Aims Methodology Part 1: Online survey Part 2: Documenting exposure of young people to alcohol marketing Results: Online Survey Demographic data Drinking habits Purchasing habits Factors influencing decision to buy an alcoholic drink Attitudes Documenting exposure of young people to alcohol marketing Discussion: Limitations Conclusion and future recommendations Acknowledgements References AppendicesAvailability or accessibility to minorsProblem drugs and alcohol useUnderage drinkerrisk factorsAlcohol consumptionEconomic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing)Underage drinkingAlcohol useEconomic availability or accessibilityAvailability, accessibility, and useEuropeMarketing and public relations (advertising)2011Alcohol Policy Youth NetworkReport

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Drugs and AlcoholFact or fiction: a study of attitudes to alcohol and related issues among young people in the Ballymun area.ChristianHerbertauthorCaraFennellyauthorA Questionnaire was developed to engage young people from the ages of 12-18 on their attitudes to alcohol in the Ballymun area. The purpose of this research was to determine if attitudes are different according to age group. Questions ranged from opinions on public drinking, peer pressure and relationships with parents/guardians. The study groups were divided into three categories. It was clear that the 12/13 year age group overall were still at the stage where they agreed that drinking alcohol was against the law for young people, they were at times quiet judgemental and used either stereotypes or education to influence their answers. While the 14-16 year age group were at the stage where drinking alcohol was seen to them as the norm and their answers very much reflected on their social life and their friends, they were not looking at consequences and saw no harm in the activity. The 17/18 year age group were at a reflective stage and at times their answers were quite similar to the 12/13 year olds, this time using life experience/education, they were starting to look at consequences. This research has shown that there are significant changes in attitudes to alcohol among young people; the 12/13 year olds not having a vested interest, to the 14/16 year olds at the stage of experimenting, to the 17/18 year olds now assessing their use. A number of recommendations are given based on the findings.Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person)Availability or accessibility to minorsLevel of drugs and alcohol use among peersUnderage drinkerDublinYouth-club / cafe based preventionAlcoholUnderage drinkingPeer pressure (bullying)Attitude toward drugs and alcohol2011Ballymun Youth Action ProjectReport

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Drugs and AlcoholCombating underage alcohol abuse through sport.DeirdreMonganauthorAvailability or accessibility to minorsUnderage drinkerIrelandUnderage drinkingSponsorshipAlcohol useSports-based prevention2011Health Research BoardArticle

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Drugs and AlcoholTeenage drinking culturesAndrewPercyauthorJoanneWilsonauthorClaireMcCartanauthorPatrickMcCrystalauthorThis report investigates the onset and development of drinking behaviours within teenage friendship groups.Underage drinkingSocial drinkingAvailability or accessibility to minorsAdolescent / youth (teenager / young person)Northern IrelandPeer pressure (bullying)AlcoholSupplying drugs and alcohol to a minorDrugs and alcohol effects and consequences2011Joseph Rowntree FoundationReport

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Drugs and AlcoholChanging the future: experiencing adolescence in contemporary Ireland: alcohol and drugs.More of the respondents reported that they took drugs than reported that they smoked cigarettes’ finds the first report which addresses the issues of drugs and alcohol. Key findings in the report included: While 77% of the total respondents report that they drink alcohol, 15% reported that they got drunk for the first time before they were fourteen years old; The great majority (89%) of respondents report that their parents are aware of their drinking; 1 in 5 sixteen year old respondents report that they purchase the alcohol they consume themselves; More than one third of respondents reported that they had taken drugs; The reported prevalence of mental health difficulties such as depression, self-harm, eating disorders or feeling suicidal was noticeably higher amongst those respondents who also reported the use of drugs The UNICEF Ireland report concludes that ‘What is absolutely clear from the responses to this survey is that drugs and alcohol are both widely available and widely used amongst many young people living in Ireland. It is imperative that we address this prevalence openly and bring it into the crucial discussions that will shape the future experiences of young people in Ireland.’Availability or accessibility to minorsAdolescent / youth (teenager / young person)Problem drugs and alcohol useUnderage drinkerIrelandSupplying drugs and alcohol to a minorUnderage drinkingDrugs and alcohol effects and consequences2011UNICEF IrelandReport

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