relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/28030/ title: Exposure to substance use prevention messages among adolescents. Short report. creator: Lipari, Rachael N subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Information use and impact subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention worker subject: United States description: This issue of The CBHSQ Report examines adolescents' exposure to substance use prevention messages using US data from the 2002 to 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). It also uses 2015 NSDUH data to examine exposure to prevention messages by key demographic characteristics. The 2015 estimates are based on a total sample size of 17,000 adolescents aged 12 to 17. publisher: SAMHSA date: 2017-10 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/28030/1/SAMHSA_CBHSQ_Oct_2017_Exposure_to_substance_use_prevention.pdf identifier: Lipari, Rachael N [SAMHSA, US] . (2017) Exposure to substance use prevention messages among adolescents. Short report. SAMHSA. The CBHSQ Report, 3 October 2017 11 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27631/ title: UK trial tests personality-based approach to preventing drinking. subject: Alcohol subject: Coping skills subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention worker subject: United Kingdom description: The Adventure Trial tested the impact of a personality-targeted intervention delivered by teachers on substance use and misuse among pupils in London. This followed the reported success of the Preventure trial, which found that personality-targeted interventions were effective in reducing motivations for drinking that involve coping with negative feelings, and reducing symptoms of problem drinking during a two-year period. Key points From summary and commentary: • The Adventure Trial examined whether personality-relevant coping skills could prevent drinking problems among London high school pupils. • High-risk young people were allocated to receive an intervention matched to their specific vulnerability (‘hopelessness’, ‘anxiety-sensitivity’, ‘impulsivity’, or ‘sensation-seeking’). • Long-term benefits were observed, with reduced odds of high-risk pupils in the intervention group reporting drinking, ‘binge’ drinking, and problem drinking, compared to peers allocated to receive standard drug education publisher: Drug and Alcohol Findings date: 2017-07-21 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27631/1/Conrod_PJ_6_findings.pdf identifier: [Drug and Alcohol Findings] (2017) UK trial tests personality-based approach to preventing drinking. London: Drug and Alcohol Findings. Drug and Alcohol Findings (21 July 2017) 5 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27253/ title: The effectiveness of interventions related to the use of illicit drugs: prevention, harm reduction, treatment and recovery. A ‘review of reviews’. creator: Bates, Geoff creator: Jones, Lisa creator: Cochrane, Madeleine creator: Pendlebury, Marissa creator: Sumnall, Harry subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Drugs and alcohol recovery subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method subject: Alternative medical treatment subject: Psychosocial treatment method subject: Treatment outcome subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Community-based prevention subject: Prevention approach subject: Patient care management subject: Treatment factors subject: Community-based treatment (primary care) subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Doctor subject: Prevention worker subject: International aspects publisher: Health Research Board date: 2017-07 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27253/1/fHB2656_Review%20of%20reviews_web.pdf identifier: Bates, Geoff and Jones, Lisa and Cochrane, Madeleine and Pendlebury, Marissa and Sumnall, Harry (2017) The effectiveness of interventions related to the use of illicit drugs: prevention, harm reduction, treatment and recovery. A ‘review of reviews’. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: HRB Drug and Alcohol Evidence Review 5 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16634/ title: Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people. creator: Carson, Kristin V creator: Ameer, Faisal creator: Sayehmiri, Kourish creator: Hnin, Khin creator: van Agteren, Joseph EM creator: Sayehmiri, Fatemah creator: Brinn, Malcolm P creator: Esterman, Adrian J creator: Chang, Anne B creator: Smith, Brian J subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Universal prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Community-based prevention subject: Tobacco (cigarette smoking) subject: Portrayal of drugs and alcohol use in the media description: Background: Smoking is a modern-day epidemic, and preventing young people from taking up smoking remains a key health priority, since experimentation with smoking starts at an early age. One possible method of achieving this goal is through mass media, which have the potential to reach and modify the attitudes, knowledge and behaviour of a large proportion of the population. Review question: Can mass media campaigns deter young people from taking up smoking? Study characteristics: We found eight studies out of 1326 publications, covering 52,746 participants. One of these studies is new to this updated version of the review. The most recent search was conducted in June 2016. All studies were directed at youth younger than 25 years. Seven studies were conducted in the USA and one was conducted in Norway. The mass media method (e.g. television) and certain characteristics of those taking part (e.g. age), as well as the length of time followed up, differed between studies. Key results: Three out of eight studies found that the intervention was effective in preventing smoking in youth. The remaining five studies did not detect an effect. Although there was some overlap in characteristics between both effective and ineffective programmes, effective campaigns tended to last longer (minimum 3 years) and were more intense (more contact time) for both school-based lessons (minimum eight lessons per grade) and media spots (minimum four weeks' duration across multiple media channels with between 167 and 350 TV and radio spots). Implementation of combined school-based components (e.g. school posters) and the use of repetitive media messages delivered by multiple channels (e.g. newspapers, radio, television) appeared to contribute to successful campaigns. Quality of the evidence: The quality of studies in this review is limited, due to problems in reporting results and issues with study design. Studies varied in their design, the interventions they tested, and in the people they involved. Studies found mixed results. In particular, none of the studies reported blinding of groups and there were concerns around how the studies were allocated to intervention or control. It would therefore be unwise to offer firm conclusions based on the evidence in this review. Inclusion of only two studies from the last 10 years is concerning, particularly considering the rising use of social media among youth. More high-quality studies are needed. publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd date: 2017-06 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Carson, Kristin V and Ameer, Faisal and Sayehmiri, Kourish and Hnin, Khin and van Agteren, Joseph EM and Sayehmiri, Fatemah and Brinn, Malcolm P and Esterman, Adrian J and Chang, Anne B and Smith, Brian J [The Cochrane Library] . (2017) Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6) DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001006.pub3 relation: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001006.pub3/full relation: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001006.pub3 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27520/ title: Steps towards alcohol misuse prevention programme (STAMPP): a school and community based cluster randomised controlled trial. creator: Sumnall, Harry creator: Percy, Andrew creator: Cole, Jon C creator: Murphy, Lynn creator: Foxcroft, David subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Alcohol subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Community-based prevention subject: Child subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention worker description: BACKGROUND: Alcohol use in young people remains a public health concern, with adverse impacts on outcomes such as health, well-being, education and relationships. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a combined classroom curriculum and parental intervention on self-reported alcohol use [heavy episodic drinking (HED)] and alcohol-related harms (indicators such as getting into fights after drinking, poorer school performance and trouble with friends and family). DESIGN: A two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial with schools as the unit of randomisation. SETTING: A total of 105 post-primary schools in Northern Ireland (NI) and Glasgow/Inverclyde Educational Authority areas. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 12,738 male and female secondary school students (intervention delivered when students were in school year 9 in NI or S2 in Scotland in the academic year 2012–13 and aged 12–13 years) were randomised. Randomisation and baseline (T0) surveys took place when children were in school year 8 or S1. Schools were randomised (1 : 1) by an independent statistician to the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP) or to education as normal (EAN). All schools were stratified by free school meal provision. Schools in NI were also stratified by school type (male/female/coeducational). INTERVENTIONS: STAMPP combined a school-based alcohol harm reduction curriculum [an adapted version of the School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project (SHAHRP)] and a brief parental intervention designed to support parents in setting family rules around drinking. The classroom component comprised two phases delivered over 2 years, and the parental component comprised a standardised presentation delivered by a trained facilitator at specially arranged parent evenings on school premises. This was followed up a few weeks later by an information leaflet mailed to all intervention pupils’ parents highlighting the main points of the evening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Self-reported HED (defined as self-reported consumption of ≥ 6 units in a single episode in the previous 30 days for male students and ≥ 4.5 units for female students) assessed at 33 months from baseline (T3); and (2) the number of self-reported harms (harms caused by own drinking) assessed at T3. DATA SOURCES: Self-completed pupil questionnaires. RESULTS: At final follow-up (T3), data were available for 5160 intervention and 5073 control pupils for the HED outcome, and for 5234 intervention and 5146 control pupils for the self-reported harms outcome. The intervention reduced self-reported HED compared with EAN (p < 0.001), but did not reduce self-reported harms associated with own drinking. The odds ratio for the intervention effect on HED was 0.596 (standard error 0.0596, 95% confidence interval 0.490 to 0.725). The mean cost of delivery per school was £818 and the mean cost per individual was £15. There were no clear cost savings in terms of service utilisation associated with the intervention. The process evaluation showed that the classroom component engaged and was enjoyed by pupils, and was valued by teachers. Schools, students, intervention trainers and delivery staff (teachers) were not blind to study condition. Data collection was undertaken by a team of researchers that included the trial manager and research assistants, some of whom were not blinded to study condition. Data analysis of primary and secondary outcomes was undertaken by the trial statistician, who was blinded to the study condition. LIMITATIONS: Although the classroom component was largely delivered as intended, there was very low attendance at the parent/carer event; however, all intervention pupils’ parents/carers received an intervention leaflet. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this trial provide some support for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of STAMPP in reducing heavy episodic (binge) drinking, but not in reducing self-reported alcohol-related harms, in young people over a 33-month follow-up period. As there was low uptake of the parental component, it is uncertain whether or not the intervention effect was accounted for by the classroom component alone. publisher: National Institute for Health Research date: 2017-04 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Sumnall, Harry and Percy, Andrew and Cole, Jon C and Murphy, Lynn and Foxcroft, David [NIHR] . (2017) Steps towards alcohol misuse prevention programme (STAMPP): a school and community based cluster randomised controlled trial. Southampton: National Institute for Health Research. Public Health Research, 5 (2) relation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425633/ relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27553/ title: School-based alcohol and drug education and prevention – what works? subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Child subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention worker description: This briefing paper intends to equip and guide those working in educational settings when considering which alcohol and drug education and prevention programme they should run. It outlines some approaches that evidence shows work and cautions on some that don’t. The briefing paper aims to enable educators to make a more informed decision when selecting an approach that will ensure maximum impact and ensure young people receive the most appropriate education and prevention programme that will enable them to build their resilience to risks. publisher: Mentor ADEPSIS date: 2017-03 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27553/1/FINAL-What-Works-Briefing-Paper-22.3.2017.pdf identifier: Mentor ADEPSIS. (2017) School-based alcohol and drug education and prevention – what works? London: Mentor ADEPSIS. 7 p. relation: http://mentor-adepis.org/resources/adepis/ relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26887/ title: Drug misuse prevention: targeted interventions. subject: New (novel) psychoactive substances subject: Prescription drug (medicine / medication) subject: Targeted prevention subject: Early intervention (young children) subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Young adult subject: International aspects publisher: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence date: 2017-02 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26887/1/drug-misuse-prevention-targeted-interventions-1837573761733.pdf identifier: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2017) Drug misuse prevention: targeted interventions. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 50 p. NICE guideline [NG64] relation: NICE guideline [NG64] relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26930/ title: It’s magic: prevent substance use problems without mentioning drugs. subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: School-based prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: AOD education subject: Prevention worker publisher: Drug and Alcohol Findings date: 2017 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26930/1/hot_its_magic_no_drugs_findings.pdf identifier: [Drug and Alcohol Findings] (2017) It’s magic: prevent substance use problems without mentioning drugs. London: Drug and Alcohol Findings. Drug and Alcohol Findings Hot Topic (January–March 2017) relation: http://findings.org.uk/hot_topics.php?s=eb#hot_no_drugs.hot relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25264/ title: Ireland: national report for 2016 - prevention. subject: Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention approach subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol subject: Ireland publisher: Health Research Board date: 2017 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25264/1/NRprevention2016.pdf identifier: Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2017) Ireland: national report for 2016 - prevention. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27033/ title: Education sector responses to the use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Prevention approach subject: Prevention through information and education subject: School context subject: Education and training subject: AOD education subject: Primary education level subject: Secondary education level subject: Prevention worker subject: International aspects description: This booklet provides the context and rationale for improved education sector responses to the use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs among children and young people, with a focus on primary and secondary education sectors. It presents evidence-based and promising policies and practice, including practical examples from different regions that have been shown to be effective by scientific research. It also suggests issues for the education sector to consider in sustaining and scaling up effective approaches and programmes to tackle substance use. publisher: UNESCO date: 2017 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27033/1/Education_sector_responses.pdf identifier: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Health Organization. [UNESCO] (2017) Education sector responses to the use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. Paris: UNESCO. 69 p. Good policy and practice in health education: booklet 10. relation: Good policy and practice in health education: booklet 10. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25207/ title: A typology of alcohol consumption among young people – A narrative synthesis. creator: Davoren, Martin P creator: Cronin, Mary creator: Perry, Ivan J creator: Demant, Jakob creator: Shiely, Frances creator: O'Connor, Karl subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Targeted prevention subject: Harm reduction policy subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Young adult publisher: Informa healthcare date: 2016-12 type: Article type: PeerReviewed identifier: Davoren, Martin P and Cronin, Mary and Perry, Ivan J and Demant, Jakob and Shiely, Frances and O'Connor, Karl (2016) A typology of alcohol consumption among young people – A narrative synthesis. Addiction Research & Theory , 24 , (4) , pp. 261-273. relation: DOI:10.3109/16066359.2015.1121244 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26531/ title: Tackling youth crime. Youth justice action plan 2014-2018: progress report 2014/2015. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Youth (juvenile) offending subject: Law enforcement and the justice system subject: Child subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Ireland publisher: Department of Justice and Equality date: 2016-12 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26531/1/Progress%20Report.pdf identifier: Irish Youth Justice Service. (2016) Tackling youth crime. Youth justice action plan 2014-2018: progress report 2014/2015. Dublin: Department of Justice and Equality. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26168/ title: Interventions for adolescent substance abuse: an overview of systematic reviews. creator: Das, Jai K creator: Salam, Rehana creator: Arshad, Ahmed creator: Finkelstein, Yaron creator: Bhutta, Zulfiqar A subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: School-based prevention subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention worker description: Many unhealthy behaviors often begin during adolescence and represent major public health challenges. Substance abuse has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities, as its effects are cumulative, contributing to costly social, physical, and mental health problems. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent substance abuse among adolescents. We report findings from a total of 46 systematic reviews focusing on interventions for smoking/tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance abuse. Our overview findings suggest that among smoking/tobacco interventions, school-based prevention programs and family-based intensive interventions typically addressing family functioning are effective in reducing smoking. Mass media campaigns are also effective given that these were of reasonable intensity over extensive periods of time. Among interventions for alcohol use, school-based alcohol prevention interventions have been associated with reduced frequency of drinking, while family-based interventions have a small but persistent effect on alcohol misuse among adolescents. For drug abuse, school-based interventions based on a combination of social competence and social influence approaches have shown protective effects against drugs and cannabis use. Among the interventions targeting combined substance abuse, school-based primary prevention programs are effective. Evidence from Internet-based interventions, policy initiatives, and incentives appears to be mixed and needs further research. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions components with standardized intervention and outcome measures. Various delivery platforms, including digital platforms and policy initiative, have the potential to improve substance abuse outcomes among adolescents; however, these require further research. publisher: Elsevier date: 2016-10 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Das, Jai K and Salam, Rehana and Arshad, Ahmed and Finkelstein, Yaron and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A . (2016) Interventions for adolescent substance abuse: an overview of systematic reviews. Elsevier. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59 (4 supp) S61–75. relation: http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(16)30167-7/fulltext?rss=yes relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26314/ title: Preventing children and young people’s mental health and substance use problems. subject: Mental health subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Role of child subject: Child subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention worker subject: United Kingdom description: This briefing paper is part of a series produced by Mentor ADEPIS on alcohol and drug education and prevention, for teachers and practitioners. It intends to provide teachers, educators and the wider school workforce with practical guidelines on how to prevent children and young people from developing mental health problems as a result of alcohol and drug misuse. publisher: Mentor date: 2016-10 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26314/1/ADEPSIS_Preventing-CYPs-mental-health-and-Substance-Use-Problems.pdf identifier: Mentor ADEPSIS. (2016) Preventing children and young people’s mental health and substance use problems. London: Mentor. 7 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26134/ title: Drinking and driving - driver theory test questions. subject: Drinking and driving subject: Targeted prevention subject: Drinking-and-drug driving laws subject: Ireland publisher: Road Safety Authority date: 2016-09 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26134/1/DRINKING%20AND%20DRIVING%20%E2%80%93%20DRIVER%20THEORY%20TEST%20QUESTIONS.pdf identifier: Road Safety Authority. (2016) Drinking and driving - driver theory test questions. Dublin: Road Safety Authority. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26178/ title: Drug service for LGBT young people. creator: Dillon, Lucy subject: Targeted prevention subject: AOD education subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Homosexual, bisexual or lesbian subject: Ireland publisher: Health Research Board date: 2016-08 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Dillon, Lucy (2016) Drug service for LGBT young people. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 58, Summer 2016 . relation: http://hrb.newsweaver.ie/drugnet/12fp2ko86hp?a=1&p=50719467&t=29019320 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25888/ title: “Inconclusive” verdict on brief alcohol advice for young emergency patients. subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Alcohol subject: Brief intervention subject: Treatment outcome subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: emergency care subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Young adult subject: United States description: ‘Inconclusive’ was the verdict of a review which aimed to assess the effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions among patients aged 11 to 21 attending for emergency care in the USA. Most promising targets seem to have been the more heavy or irresponsibly drinking among patients who were young adults rather than adolescents. Key points from summary and commentary • The featured review aimed to assess the effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions among patients aged 11 to 21 attending for emergency care in the USA. • Overall the results of the seven studies were inconclusive in respect of whether such interventions have reduced drinking or related consequences. • Most promising targets seem to have been the more heavy or irresponsibly drinking among patients who were young adults rather than adolescents. publisher: Drug and Alcohol Findings date: 2016-06 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: [Drug and Alcohol Findings] (2016) “Inconclusive” verdict on brief alcohol advice for young emergency patients. London: Drug and Alcohol Findings. Drug and Alcohol Findings Bulletin (8 June 2016) relation: http://findings.org.uk/PHP/dl.php?file=Yuma_Guerrero_PJ_1.cab&s=eb relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25223/ title: Life-skills based education for alcohol and drug prevention. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention approach subject: AOD education subject: skills building subject: Prevention worker subject: United Kingdom description: This paper intends to provide governors, head teachers and teachers with practical guidelines on how to help them implement holistic life-skills based education programmes to ensure young people build resilience to alcohol and drug use. As evidence shows that alcohol and drug education alone is ineffective, there is a need for an appropriate balance between knowledge and skills elements within the curricula, as well as for parents and cares involvement wherever possible. Critical to the impact of this learning process is raising awareness and ensuring a comprehensive and balanced approach based on life skills education. Mentor promotes best prevention practices around alcohol and drugs misuse. This briefing paper is part of a series of resources available for teachers, facilitators and leadership roles. The principal objective is to enable healthy development and attitude towards risky situations, specifically with regards to alcohol and drug use. publisher: Mentor ADEPSIS date: 2016-02 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25223/1/Life-skills-based-education-for-alcohol-and-drug-prevention.pdf identifier: Mentor ADEPSIS. (2016) Life-skills based education for alcohol and drug prevention. London: Mentor ADEPSIS. 6 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25045/ title: Preventing opioid overdose deaths with take-home naloxone. subject: Opioids (opiates) subject: Naloxone subject: Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) subject: Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction subject: Targeted prevention subject: Europe publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities contributor: Strang, John contributor: McDonald, Rebecca date: 2016-01 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25045/1/Naloxone.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25045/7/Summary_of_Strang_J_32_findings.pdf identifier: Strang, John and McDonald, Rebecca , eds. [EMCDDA] (2016) Preventing opioid overdose deaths with take-home naloxone. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 104 p. EMCDDA Insights Series no. 20 relation: EMCDDA Insights Series no. 20 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/ title: Focal Point Ireland: national report for 2015. subject: Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Communicable disease subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Legal availability or accessibility subject: Drugs and alcohol related crime subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution subject: Drug offence subject: Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol subject: Ireland publisher: Health Research Board date: 2016 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/1/NRDrug%20policy2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/2/NRDrugsworkbook2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/3/NRdrug%20market_crime2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/4/NRHarms%20and%20harmreduction2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/5/NRLegal%20framework2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/6/NRprevention2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/7/NRPrison2015.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26690/8/NRTreatment2015.pdf identifier: Health Research Board, Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2016) Focal Point Ireland: national report for 2015. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25049/ title: Enforcing regulations on alcohol sales and use as universal environmental prevention. creator: Villalbí, Joan R creator: Bartroli, Montserrat creator: Bosque-Prous, Marina creator: Guitart, Anna M creator: Serra-Batiste, Enric creator: Casas, Conrad creator: Brugal, M Teresa subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Alcohol subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Community-based prevention subject: Liquor licensing (alcohol) laws subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Spain description: The informal social control over alcohol consumption that was traditional in Southern European countries has weakened. At the same time there is an increase in binge drinking and drunkenness among young people in Spain. To mitigate this problem, regulations on alcohol and driving and restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol have been adopted. This paper documents the current regulations in the city of Barcelona and describes efforts to enforce them and their outcomes. Data from the municipal information systems on infringements reported for the period 2008-13 are provided. There is an increasing pressure of municipal services to enforce the rules in two areas: a) alcohol sales at night (retailers); and b) consumption in the public space (citizens). An increase in the controls of drink-driving has also taken place, and the proportion above legal limits has decreased. The largest relative increase occurred in the control of retailers. In Barcelona interventions are made to limit the supply and consumption of alcohol at low cost and during the night, and of driving under the influence of alcohol. There have been no documented episodes of massive drinking in public spaces (known as 'botellón') in the city. These actions, which complement other preventive efforts based on health education, can change the social perceptions of alcohol by minors in a direction less favorable to consumption, promoting environmental prevention. date: 2015-12 type: Article type: PeerReviewed identifier: Villalbí, Joan R and Bartroli, Montserrat and Bosque-Prous, Marina and Guitart, Anna M and Serra-Batiste, Enric and Casas, Conrad and Brugal, M Teresa (2015) Enforcing regulations on alcohol sales and use as universal environmental prevention. Adicciones , 27 , (4) , pp. 288-293. relation: http://www.adicciones.es/index.php/adicciones/article/view/753/725 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27526/ title: Preventing alcohol misuse in young people: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme. creator: Segrott, Jeremy creator: Rothwell, Heather creator: Hewitt, Gillian creator: Playle, Rebecca creator: Huang, Chao creator: Murphy, Simon M creator: Moore, Laurence creator: Hickman, Matthew creator: Reed, Hayley subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Alcohol subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention worker subject: United Kingdom description: The randomised exploratory trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme found that it would not be appropriate to proceed to a full effectiveness trial of KAT. Although the intervention was acceptable to schools and pupils, and had good parent/carer participation levels, there were uncertainties regarding the potential effects of the programme, as well as programme funding, availability of suitable outcome measures and feasibility of long-term follow-up. publisher: National Institute for Health Research date: 2015-11 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Segrott, Jeremy and Rothwell, Heather and Hewitt, Gillian and Playle, Rebecca and Huang, Chao and Murphy, Simon M and Moore, Laurence and Hickman, Matthew and Reed, Hayley [NIHR] . (2015) Preventing alcohol misuse in young people: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme. Southampton: National Institute for Health Research. Public Health Research, 3 (15) relation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327640/ relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24701/ title: Preventing youth violence: an overview of the evidence. subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Targeted prevention subject: Family relations subject: Crime and violence subject: Drugs and alcohol related violence subject: Youth (juvenile) offending subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: International aspects description: Twenty-one strategies to prevent youth violence are reviewed, including programmes relating to parenting, early childhood development, and social skills development, as well as policies related to the harmful use of alcohol, problem oriented policing, and urban upgrading. publisher: World Health Organization date: 2015-10 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24701/1/WHO.pdf identifier: World Health Organization. (2015) Preventing youth violence: an overview of the evidence. Geneva: World Health Organization. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24540/ title: Prevention of addictive behaviours. creator: Buhler, Anneke creator: Thrul, Johannes subject: Alcohol subject: Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder relapse prevention method subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: School-based prevention subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Sports-based prevention subject: Community-based prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: gambling subject: Prevention worker subject: Europe subject: Germany description: This publication is an update of Prevention of substance abuse, published in 2007. Like the previous analysis, it is a translation of a German study that presents a state-of-the-art review of prevention science. Although originally targeted at the German audience, the evidence base addressed is global in its scope. The review is broad in its considerations, covering not only the main topic of drug abuse but also alcohol and tobacco, as well as behavioural addictions, such as gambling. Table of contents: • Foreword to the English version • Summary • Chapter 1: Introduction • Chapter 2: Methodology • Chapter 3: Results • Chapter 4: Discussion • References / Glossary publisher: Publications Office of the European Union date: 2015-09 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24540/1/EMCDDA%20Prevention%20of%20addictive%20behaviours.pdf identifier: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Buhler, Anneke and Thrul, Johannes [EMCDDA] . (2015) Prevention of addictive behaviours. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 104 p. EMCDDA Insights Series no. 18 relation: EMCDDA Insights Series no. 18 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17757/ title: Alcohol, drugs and tobacco joint strategic needs assessment support pack. subject: Drugs and alcohol recovery subject: Alcohol subject: Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) subject: Community needs assessment subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Health care delivery subject: Health care quality control subject: Harm reduction policy subject: Organisational development subject: Workforce / staff skills and training subject: Programme planning (strategy) subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: United Kingdom publisher: Public Health England date: 2015-09 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Public Health England. (2015) Alcohol, drugs and tobacco joint strategic needs assessment support pack. London: Public Health England. relation: http://www.nta.nhs.uk/healthcare-JSNA.aspx relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19481/ title: International standards on drug use prevention. subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Early intervention (young children) subject: Community-based prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Portrayal of drugs and alcohol use in the media subject: Targeted prevention subject: Universal prevention subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Child subject: Prevention outcome subject: International aspects subject: AOD education subject: Coping skills description: Prevention strategies based on scientific evidence working with families, schools, and communities can ensure that children and youth, especially the most marginalized and poor, grow and stay healthy and safe into adulthood and old age. For every dollar spent on prevention, at least ten can be saved in future health, social and crime costs. These global International Standards summarize the currently available scientific evidence, describing interventions and policies that have been found to result in positive prevention outcomes and their characteristics. Concurrently, the global International Standards identify the major components and features of an effective national drug prevention system. It is our hope that the International Standards will assist policy makers worldwide to develop programmes, policies and systems that are a truly effective investment in the future of children, youth, families and communities. This work builds on and recognizes the work of many other organizations (e.g. EMCDDA, CCSA, CICAD, Mentor, NIDA, WHO) which have previously developed standards and guidelines on various aspects of drug prevention. [For appendices, click on website link above] publisher: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime date: 2015-08 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19481/3/UNODC_2013_2015_international_standards_on_drug_use_prevention_E.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19481/1/International_Standards_on_Drug_Use_Prevention.pdf identifier: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. [UNODC] (2015) International standards on drug use prevention. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 48 p. relation: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/prevention/prevention-standards.html relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24206/ title: The international evidence on the prevention of drug and alcohol use. Summary and examples of implementation in England. subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Prevention approach subject: England description: The United Nations Office of Drug Control (UNODC) published ‘International Standards on Drug Use Prevention’ in 2013. The standards were developed through a systematic assessment of the international evidence on prevention and they provide a summary of the available scientific evidence. The briefing provides a summary of the UNODC prevention standards and gives corresponding examples of relevant UK guidelines, programmes and interventions currently available in England. Its aim is to help people who commission, develop and implement prevention strategies and interventions to translate the standards into the English operating landscape. It also aims to support local authority commissioners to develop their prevention strategies and implement them in line with evidence. publisher: Public Health England date: 2015-07 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24206/1/PHE_prevention-guide.pdf identifier: Public Health England. (2015) The international evidence on the prevention of drug and alcohol use. Summary and examples of implementation in England. London: Public Health England. 20 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24029/ title: European drug report 2015: trends and developments. subject: Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use subject: General treatment method concepts subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution subject: Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) subject: Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death subject: Europe description: Table of contents Preface Introductory note and acknowledgements Summary: Drug market dynamics in Europe: global influences and local differences Chapter 1: Drug supply and the market Chapter 2: Drug use and drug-related problems Chapter 3: Health and social responses to drug problems Annex: National data tables publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities date: 2015-06 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/msword language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24029/2/HRB%20European_Drug_Report_Media%20brief%202015%20_04_June.docx format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24029/5/EDR2015.pdf identifier: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2015) European drug report 2015: trends and developments. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24195/ title: A 7 year follow-up study (2008-2014) with graduates of the Ballymun Strengthening Families Programme (SFP 12-16 years). creator: Roe, Sandra subject: Targeted prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Family support subject: Family and drugs and alcohol subject: Programme evaluation subject: Ireland publisher: Ballymun Local Drugs and Alcohol Task Force date: 2015-06 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24195/1/Ballymun%20SFP%207%20year%20study.pdf identifier: Roe, Sandra (2015) A 7 year follow-up study (2008-2014) with graduates of the Ballymun Strengthening Families Programme (SFP 12-16 years). Dublin: Ballymun Local Drugs and Alcohol Task Force. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25674/ title: LifeSkills substance misuse prevention programme: evaluation of implementation and outcomes in the UK. creator: Sneddon, Helga subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: School context subject: Educational environment (school / college) subject: United Kingdom publisher: Barnardos date: 2015 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25674/1/LifeSkills%20Full%20report.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25674/2/LifeSkills%20UK%20Evaluation%20Executive%20summary.pdf identifier: Sneddon, Helga (2015) LifeSkills substance misuse prevention programme: evaluation of implementation and outcomes in the UK. Ilford: Barnardos. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21215/ title: Substance use prevention education in schools: an update on actions in the drugs strategy. creator: Keane, Martin subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: AOD education subject: Ireland publisher: Health Research Board date: 2014-01 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21215/1/Drugnet_48_-_Web.pdf identifier: Keane, Martin (2014) Substance use prevention education in schools: an update on actions in the drugs strategy. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 48, Winter 2013 , p. 17. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21868/ title: Association of educational attainment and adolescent substance use disorder in a clinical sample. creator: Apantaku-Olajide, Tunde creator: James, Philip creator: Smyth, Bobby P subject: risk-taking behaviour subject: risk factors subject: Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: School-based prevention subject: Early intervention (young children) subject: Prevention through information and education subject: AOD education subject: Secondary education level subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Early school Leaver subject: Ireland description: This study explores substance use, psychosocial problems, and the relationships to educational status in 193 adolescents (school dropouts, 63; alternative education, 46; mainstream students, 84) who attended a substance abuse treatment facility in Dublin, Ireland. The study found that the 3 groups exhibited statistically significant differences in their substance use problems, with the school dropouts displaying significantly more problems. The need for early detection and intervention of at-risk students, and collaborative interagency work aimed at addressing substance use, cannot be overemphasized as strategies to ultimately prevent school dropout. publisher: Taylor & Francis date: 2014 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Apantaku-Olajide, Tunde and James, Philip and Smyth, Bobby P (2014) Association of educational attainment and adolescent substance use disorder in a clinical sample. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse , 23 , (3) , pp. 169-176. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27958/ title: School based drug education and prevention programme (S.B.D.E.P.P) for 6th class pupils. Resource manual for youth workers. creator: Darcy, Clay subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Early intervention (young children) subject: Student (primary level) subject: Dublin publisher: Bray Youth Service & Bray Drugs Awareness Forum date: 2014 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27958/1/School_Based_Drug_Education_and_Preventi.pdf identifier: Darcy, Clay (2014) School based drug education and prevention programme (S.B.D.E.P.P) for 6th class pupils. Resource manual for youth workers. Dublin: Bray Youth Service & Bray Drugs Awareness Forum. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21350/ title: EMCDDA best practice portal: prevention interventions for partygoers. subject: Social drinking subject: Drinking and driving subject: Targeted prevention subject: Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use subject: International aspects subject: Crime prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction date: 2014 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2014) EMCDDA best practice portal: prevention interventions for partygoers. relation: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/best-practice/prevention/partygoers relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23170/ title: 2014 National Report (2013 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends. subject: Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use subject: Communicable disease subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method subject: Universal prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment unit subject: Prison-based health service subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution subject: Illegal drug possession (seizures) subject: Ireland publisher: Health Research Board date: 2014 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23170/1/Irelandnationalreport2014.pdf identifier: Health Research Board, Irish Focal Point. (2014) 2014 National Report (2013 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21574/ title: National action to address child intentional injury - 2014. Europe summary. creator: Mackay, M creator: Vincenten, J subject: Mental health subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Ireland subject: self-destructive behaviour subject: Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death subject: Child subject: Suicide prevention subject: School drugs and alcohol policy subject: Crime and violence subject: International aspects subject: suicidal behaviour / suicide subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol description: The report describes the prevalence of intentional injuries to children in the European Union, including maltreatment, peer to peer violence and self-directed violence, and examines the level of uptake of national level policies to address intentional child injuries in over 25 Member States. This is the first time that national actions to address child intentional injury are being comprehensively assessed and reported on in the EU. Within the report are individual country policy profiles for each of the participating Member States: Austria, Belgium (Flanders only), Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden and the United Kingdom (England and Scotland only). publisher: European Child Safety Alliance date: 2014 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21574/1/ciir-report.pdf identifier: Mackay, M and Vincenten, J (2014) National action to address child intentional injury - 2014. Europe summary. Birmingham: European Child Safety Alliance. relation: ISBN 978-1-909100-98-5 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23079/ title: The efficacy and effectiveness of drug and alcohol abuse prevention programmes delivered outside of school settings. creator: Munton, Tony creator: Wedlock, Elaine creator: Gomersall, Alan subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention by sponsor or setting subject: Peer relations subject: Family support subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Early school Leaver subject: Ireland publisher: Health Research Board date: 2014 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23079/1/HRB036_Evidence_Series_Abuse_Programmes_Outside_Of_School_Settings_online.pdf format: video/mpeg language: en rights: hrb_nota identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23079/7/Prevention_recording_06_02_15.mp4 identifier: Munton, Tony and Wedlock, Elaine and Gomersall, Alan (2014) The efficacy and effectiveness of drug and alcohol abuse prevention programmes delivered outside of school settings. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: HRB drug and alcohol evidence review 2 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24411/ title: Prevention and early intervention in children and young people’s services: ten years of learning. creator: Rochford, S creator: Doherty, N creator: Owens, S subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Early intervention (young children) subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Family role subject: Child subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Ireland publisher: Centre for Effective Services date: 2014 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24411/1/CES_PEII_10_Years_of_Learning_Report.pdf identifier: Rochford, S and Doherty, N and Owens, S . (2014) Prevention and early intervention in children and young people’s services: ten years of learning. Dublin: Centre for Effective Services. 42 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22249/ title: The effectiveness of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in pregnancy: a controlled trial. creator: Sheehan, John creator: Gill, Aileen creator: Kelly, BD subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Brief intervention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Pregnant woman subject: Ireland description: Objectives Alcohol consumption during pregnancy potentially has significant effects on both mother and baby. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Methods This study was performed at the outpatient antenatal clinics of a large academic maternity teaching hospital in Dublin city centre. Six hundred and fifty-six women who drank alcohol before pregnancy were recruited at their first antenatal clinic visit. Drinking patterns before pregnancy, since becoming pregnant, and in later pregnancy (at ~32 weeks of gestation) were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A controlled study was conducted – participants were allocated to either the brief intervention group (screening and 5 minutes of non-directive discussion of their drinking pattern) or a control group (screening and treatment as usual). Results Before pregnancy, 57% of women consumed five or more units of alcohol per drinking occasion (i.e. binge drinking); during pregnancy, the rate of binge drinking fell to 4.8%. Sixty per cent of women who drank before pregnancy ceased drinking when pregnant, and a further 9% reduced their intake substantially. Four hundred and ninety-nine women were followed up in later pregnancy. The brief intervention did not produce any significant reduction in alcohol consumption above that attributable to pregnancy and comprehensive screening in antenatal care. Larger reductions in alcohol intake during pregnancy were associated with younger age, non-Irish nationality and greater intake of alcohol before first antenatal clinic visit. Conclusion Pregnancy itself produces abstinence and large reductions in alcohol consumption, even among women who drink relatively heavily. Consequently, a universal screening and brief intervention programme is not warranted but screening and targeted interventions could be appropriate such as repeated interventions for those who continue to binge drink. Future research could include evaluating interventions for those women who continue to binge drink during pregnancy and exploring ways of maintaining reductions in alcohol consumption among women who decreased consumption during pregnancy. publisher: Cambridge date: 2014 type: Article type: PeerReviewed identifier: Sheehan, John and Gill, Aileen and Kelly, BD (2014) The effectiveness of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in pregnancy: a controlled trial. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , 31 , (3) , pp. 175-189. relation: doi:10.1017/ipm.2014.28. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21918/ title: Guidance for the implementation of an area based approach to prevention, partnership and family support creator: Gillen, Aisling creator: Landy, Fergal creator: Devaney, Carmel creator: Canavan, John subject: Targeted prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Family support subject: Services for family and children subject: Ireland publisher: Health Service Executive date: 2013-08 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21918/1/PreventionPartnershipandFamilySupport.pdf identifier: Gillen, Aisling and Landy, Fergal and Devaney, Carmel and Canavan, John (2013) Guidance for the implementation of an area based approach to prevention, partnership and family support. Dublin: Health Service Executive. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21015/ title: Young people and alcohol: scoping approaches to prevent or reduce harm. creator: Laird, K subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Scotland subject: Prevention outcome subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: The aim of the scoping exercise was to: Produce a national overview of the approaches developed and implemented to prevent or reduce harm to young people in Scotland caused by their own alcohol consumption. Objectives: • Identify the range of initiatives which are currently being delivered and categorise them by setting. • Conduct semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (ADPs, third sector organisations, NHS) to gain more in-depth information to inform the final report (and later consider developing case studies on active projects). • Incorporate views from young people directly, to inform working practice publisher: NHS Health Scotland date: 2013-07 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21015/1/Young_people_and_alcohol_scoping_approaches.pdf identifier: Laird, K [NHS Scotland] . (2013) Young people and alcohol: scoping approaches to prevent or reduce harm. Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland. 36 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21978/ title: Perspectives on drugs: Can mass media campaigns prevent young people from using drugs? subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Information use and impact subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Europe description: The use of mass media campaigns in drug prevention is both relatively common and not without controversy. Both policymakers and practitioners have hotly debated the effectiveness of such campaigns to reduce young people’s drug use or their intention to use. This analysis aims to contribute to the debate via a review of available evidence on the topic. 1. Analysis 2. Interactive map 3. Terms and definitions 4. Background theories publisher: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction date: 2013-05 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21978/1/EMCDDA%20POD%20Mass%20media%20campaigns.pdf identifier: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. [EMCDDA] (2013) Perspectives on drugs: Can mass media campaigns prevent young people from using drugs? Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 5 p. relation: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/mass-media-campaigns relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19713/ title: Drug prevention interventions targeting minority ethnic populations: issues raised by 33 case studies. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Minority group (racial group, immigrant, Traveller) subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: risk factors subject: Cross-cultural study subject: Europe description: This Thematic paper contains the results of a study that examined drug prevention interventions for minority ethnic populations in 29 European countries. A total of 33 interventions were reported to the study and the issues they raise are presented and discussed in the paper. The results will inform the EMCDDA’s plans for 2013–15 in terms of monitoring drug prevention interventions particularly in three areas: data collection, design and quality, and the dissemination of knowledge. Table of contents  Introduction  Methods  Responses  Assessing needs: sources of information  Meeting needs  Generic and specialist services  Cultural competence  Sustainability  Monitoring and evaluation  Establishing and maintaining a database of drug prevention interventions for minority ethnic populations  Acknowledgements  References  Appendix 1  Appendix 2  Appendix 3 publisher: Publications Office of the European Union date: 2013-04 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19713/1/EMCDDA_Drug_prevention_interventions_targeting_minority_ethnic_populations_issues_raised_by_33_case_studies.pdf identifier: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2013) Drug prevention interventions targeting minority ethnic populations: issues raised by 33 case studies. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21997/ title: Travelling with austerity - impacts of cuts on Travellers, Traveller projects and services. creator: Harvey, Brian subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Minority group (racial group, immigrant, Traveller) subject: Economic policy subject: Ireland description: This report follows the evolution of community development work with the Traveller community from the 1980s to the present day; examines the effect of austerity on the Traveller community in general and the community development work therein specifically; and looks at how community development work with Travellers may best be developed in the future. Four pen portraits of Traveller advocates are included. The period from the breaking of the economic and social crisis in 2008 has seen a dramatic disinvestment by the state in the Traveller community. Using the government’s own figures, it is possible to identify the scale of the austerity cuts, as follows, but they should be compared to the overall reduction in government current spending of -4.3% over 2008-2013, the baseline. publisher: Pavee Point Travellers Resource Centre date: 2013-04 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21997/1/APaveePointAusterity.pdf identifier: Harvey, Brian (2013) Travelling with austerity - impacts of cuts on Travellers, Traveller projects and services. Dublin: Pavee Point Travellers Resource Centre. relation: http://www.paveepoint.ie/ relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19112/ title: Drugs of dependence: The role of medical professionals. subject: Prohibition (Drugs and alcohol public policy) subject: Prison-based health service subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method subject: Provider attitude toward treatment subject: Health care delivery subject: Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) subject: Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction subject: Social costs and benefits of drugs and alcohol subject: State of health subject: United Kingdom subject: Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder drug therapy subject: Harm reduction policy subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences subject: Community-based treatment (primary care) subject: Targeted prevention subject: Universal prevention subject: Practice / clinical guidelines subject: risk factors subject: Doctor subject: Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug) subject: Psychosocial treatment method subject: Opioids (opiates) subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol subject: Methadone maintenance description: Executive summary • Chapter 1 - Introduction • Chapter 2 - The scale of the problem: illicit drug use in the UK • Chapter 3 - The burden of illicit drug use • Chapter 4 - Influences on illicit drug use • Chapter 5 - Drug policy in the UK: from the 19th century to the present day • Chapter 6 - Controlling illicit drug use • Chapter 7 - Delaying initiation and minimising the use of illicit drugs • Chapter 8 - Medical management of drug dependence: the doctor's role in managing heroin addiction • Chapter 9 - Medical management of drug dependence: reducing secondary health harms • Chapter 10 - Medical management of drug dependence in the context of criminal justice: illicit drug use, courts and prison • Chapter 11 - The role of healthcare professionals Appendix 1: Membership of the BMA Board of Science Reference Group Appendix 2: The nature and addictiveness of commonly used illicit drugs Appendix 3: Health-related harms of emerging and established licit and illicit drugs commonly used in the UK Appendix 4: UK illicit drug usage data Appendix 5: Overview of drug adulterants Appendix 6: UK government strategies for reducing illicit drug use Appendix 7: Societal measures to restrict drug influences References This publication contains a very useful glossary of terms. publisher: British Medical Association date: 2013-01 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: BMA Science and Education department and the Board of Science.. [BMA] (2013) Drugs of dependence: The role of medical professionals. London: British Medical Association. 341 p. relation: http://bma.org.uk/news-views-analysis/in-depth-drugs-of-dependence/full-report relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21160/ title: Annual report of the committee appointed to monitor the effectiveness of the diversion programme 2012. subject: Youth (juvenile) offending subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Ireland subject: Crime prevention subject: Community anti-crime or legal assistance programme subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution description: The report reflects the activities of the Monitoring Committee and the Diversion Programme during 2012 and sets out recommended actions for 2013. The number of referrals to the Diversion Programme during 2012 was 24,069 and the number of individual children referred was 12,246. Of those referred 9,776 (80%) were admitted to the Programme. During 2012, the Programme administered 1,036 cautions by way of Restorative Justice. This is indicative of the increased use of Restorative Justice and Restorative Practices when interacting with children who come in conflict with the law. In 2013 we will continue to progress the use of Restorative Justice as part of the Diversion Programme. publisher: An Garda Siochana date: 2013 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21160/1/Monitoring_Committee_Annual_Report_2012_Final.pdf identifier: Committee appointed to Monitor the Effectiveness of the Diversion Programme. (2013) Annual report of the committee appointed to monitor the effectiveness of the diversion programme 2012. Dublin: An Garda Siochana. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24895/ title: Chief Inspector’s Report 2010 - 2012. subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Primary education level subject: Secondary education level subject: Ireland publisher: Inspectorate of the Department of Education and Skills date: 2013 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24895/1/Chief-Inspector%E2%80%99s-Report-2010-2012-Main-Report.pdf identifier: Department of Education and Skills. (2013) Chief Inspector’s Report 2010 - 2012. Dublin: Inspectorate of the Department of Education and Skills. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20857/ title: 2013 National Report (2012 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. subject: Prison-based health service subject: Communicable disease subject: Illegal drug possession (seizures) subject: Targeted prevention subject: Universal prevention subject: Ireland subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method subject: Intravenous / injecting drug user subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment unit subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution subject: Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use description: Table of contents 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis 2. Drug Use in the General Population and Specific Targeted Groups 3. Prevention 4. Problem drug use 5. Drug-Related Treatment: treatment demand and treatment availability 6. Health Correlates and Consequences 7. Responses to Health Correlates and Consequences 8. Social Correlates and Social Reintegration 9. Drug-related crime, prevention of drug-related crime and prison 10. Drug markets publisher: Health Research Board date: 2013 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20857/1/NDCIreland2013nationalreport_.pdf identifier: Health Research Board, Irish Focal Point. (2013) 2013 National Report (2012 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21008/ title: Effectiveness of school-based life-skills and alcohol education programmes: a review of the literature. creator: Martin, Kerry creator: Nelson, Julie creator: Lynch, Sarah subject: Targeted prevention subject: School context subject: Alcohol subject: Alcohol consumption subject: skills building subject: School-based prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Coping skills description: The review explores: • the impact of alcohol education/life-skills programmes in developing school-age children’s: knowledge of, and attitudes towards, alcohol; skills (including confidence, assertiveness, resistance skills; decision-making, and ability to stay safe and healthy); and behaviours (particularly related to consumption patterns, including frequency of drinking and episodes of drunkenness) • which alcohol education/life-skills programmes offer greatest value for money • the processes that facilitate or inhibit the implementation, sustainability and impact of alcohol education/life-skills programmes. The review builds on a variety of previous literature reviews, which present a mixed picture of the effectiveness of alcohol education initiatives for school-aged pupils. For full details of these reviews, see Section 2 of the report. Review findings: Which programmes have greatest impact on children and young people? • Previous literature reviews of alcohol education and life-skills programmes present a mixed picture of their effectiveness for school-aged pupils. • There are difficulties in judging impact due to: − the challenge of generalising about effective programme ingredients − issues related to programme fidelity. If fidelity has not been investigated through a thorough process evaluation, it is difficult to ascertain whether outcomes are a result of the effectiveness (or otherwise) of the programme, or of the way in which it has been implemented. • This review found substantial evidence relating to the positive effects of school-based alcohol education and life-skills programmes on pupils’ alcohol related-knowledge. • Few of the sources specifically measured the impacts on pupils’ attitudes. Those that did, have variable and inconclusive findings. • There is little evidence of the effectiveness of alcohol education and life-skills programmes in improving pupils’ alcohol-related decision-making skills. • There is a degree of evidence of the effectiveness of alcohol education and life-skills programmes in reducing the frequency of alcohol consumption and episodes of drunkenness among school-aged children. There are, however, limitations to several of the research studies cited. Which programmes are most cost effective? • Very few studies have investigated the cost benefits of universal school-based alcohol education programmes. • There is some limited analysis of the costs incurred in running individual programmes, but no evidence as to how these compare to those of alternative programmes. • World Health Organisation research suggests that school-based alcohol education is not cost effective in reducing alcohol-related harm in any European region. In contrast, alcohol pricing and taxation policy are cost-effective throughout Europe. • However, some authors hypothesise that with just a very small effect size in reduced alcohol consumption rates among young people as a result of alcohol education programmes, the cost benefits to society could be substantial. • There is evidence of one targeted residential programme in the USA (ChalleNGe), and of one specialist drug and alcohol service in the UK that have provided substantial cost benefits to individuals and society. These are not universal alcohol education programmes however. What factors facilitate or inhibit the success of programmes? • Programmes are not always transferrable from one situation or context to another. There needs to be caution when transferring lessons from effective programmes. • Effective alcohol education curricula achieve a good balance between: accurate and consistent information giving and knowledge building; skills development; and sensitivity to factors influencing student attitudes and behaviours. • Effective teaching and learning approaches include those that are interactive rather than didactic. Passive teaching approaches are associated with less favourable results. • Course delivery by external professionals such as health workers and counsellors can sometimes lead to more positive outcomes than teacher-led delivery, and specialist school staff achieve more positive results than non-specialist teachers. • There is tentative, but inconclusive, evidence that effective programmes focus on prevention rather than sanction, and on harm-reduction rather than abstinence. The optimum age for effective exposure is unclear, but seems to be somewhere between the ages of 12 and 14. There is evidence that a series of short-duration interventions delivered through childhood, with booster sessions into adolescence, is an effective approach. Whatever age programmes are introduced, the cognitive expectations and teaching and learning approaches must be age appropriate. • Parents and families act as critical protective agents for young people. Where families have been included in interventions, results are usually positive. • In some instances, parental support is lacking. In such instances, schools have an increasingly important role to play in fulfilling a protective role. Finally, we present the key findings of our review in relation to the degree of evidence of impact for different pupil outcomes, using the following terms: substantial evidence of impact; degree of evidence of impact; only a little evidence of impact. Where we are able to, we comment on apparent facilitators or inhibitors of impact. publisher: National Foundation for Educational Research date: 2013 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21008/1/Effectiveness_of_school-based_life-skills_and_alcohol_education_programmes.pdf identifier: Martin, Kerry and Nelson, Julie and Lynch, Sarah [NFER] . (2013) Effectiveness of school-based life-skills and alcohol education programmes: a review of the literature. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research. 64 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20944/ title: School-based interventions to prevent the uptake of smoking among children and young people. Evidence update 38 subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: School context subject: United Kingdom subject: Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) subject: risk factors subject: Tobacco (cigarette smoking) description: A summary of selected new evidence relevant to NICE public health guidance 23 ‘School-based interventions to prevent the uptake of smoking among children and young people’ (2010) [see related link below for full text] publisher: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence date: 2013 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20944/1/Evidence%2BUpdate%2BApril%2B2013.pdf identifier: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2013) School-based interventions to prevent the uptake of smoking among children and young people. Evidence update 38. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 29 p. relation: http://www.nice.org.uk/ relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19871/ title: RisKit programme- operation manual. creator: Stevens, Alex creator: O'Brien, Kate creator: Coulton, Simon subject: Youth (juvenile) offending subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention approach subject: Targeted prevention subject: Underage drinker subject: Crime prevention subject: Alcohol subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Underage drinking subject: School-based prevention subject: United Kingdom subject: risk-taking behaviour description: The RisKit programme is a multi-component risk reduction programme for young people who are vulnerable to risks including drug and alcohol use, early and unprotected sex and offending. It has been developed in the project’s initiation phase from consultation with young people, a review of the research literature and interviews with local stakeholders. It has learnt much form the experience of KCA in delivering the enhanced intervention for young people on drugs and alcohol. publisher: University of Kent date: 2013 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19871/1/RisKit_Operational_Manual.pdf identifier: Stevens, Alex and O'Brien, Kate and Coulton, Simon . (2013) RisKit programme- operation manual. Kent: University of Kent. 65. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18403/ title: Effectiveness Bank Bulletin [Brief preventive measures]. subject: United States subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Student behaviour and participation subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: Brief intervention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Student (secondary level) subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Undergraduate or graduate student description: 1. A brief image-based prevention intervention for adolescents. Werch C.E., Bian H., Moore M.J., et al. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: 2010, 24(1), p. 170–175. Across the sample, a brief face-to-face consultation highlighting how substance use might stop them becoming the sort of young adults they wanted to be generally did not prevent substance use among US high school pupils, but those already using substances were significantly more responsive, suggesting a selective if not a universal prevention role. Summary: The Behavior-Image Model approach to health promotion is based on the principle that portrayals of people attractive to the participant and their own improved possible future selves can integrate and motivate change in a range of activities which result in better health. Change is motivated by providing feedback on the participant's current health-related activities and their self-images, highlighting the discrepancy between them to foster commitment to setting goals to narrow this gap. Such interventions might prove more feasible for schools than single-target or lengthy programmes because in a short time they target multiple commonly used drugs and positive health promoting and personal development habits. Two previous studies (1; 2) evaluating image-based prevention interventions among adolescents found improved substance use and other outcomes particularly among those already using substances at the start of the studies. The featured article reports outcomes three months later in a third study. For the study 416 students (nearly two thirds girls) at a US school in grades intended for 15—17-year olds completed baseline questionnaires and were randomly assigned to the image-based intervention or to a control group who were simply given commercially available health promotion materials commonly used in schools. Of the 416, 87% completed the three-month follow-up. The image-based intervention called Planned Success delivered scripted messages which illustrated how health-promoting behaviours support positive social and self-images of a successful young adult attractive to the student, while behaviours which risk health do the opposite. Content was tailored to the individual's current health behaviours and the images most attractive to them. At the end they were given a 'goal plan' against which to make progress after the session. Sessions were delivered to individual pupils face-to-face by specially trained nurses and health educators and lasted about 20 minutes. Starting a week later, parents and guardian were sent three weekly mailings of five parent–youth cards with messages parallel to those given the children. 2. Are effects from a brief multiple behavior intervention for college students sustained over time? Werch C.E., Moore M.J., Bian H. et al. Preventive Medicine: 2010, 50, p. 30–34. At a US university students at first cut back their drinking and cannabis use in response to a brief face-to-face fitness consultation, but the gains were no longer apparent a year after intervention. Yet still at that time they had at least experienced more positive trends in how they felt than students who had just read a fitness brochure. Summary: The Behavior-Image Model approach to health promotion is based on the principle that portrayals of people attractive to the participant and their own improved possible future selves can integrate and motivate change in a range of activities which result in better health. Change is motivated by providing feedback on the participant's current health-related activities and their self-images, highlighting the discrepancy between them to foster commitment to setting goals to narrow this gap. An initial study evaluated three brief face-to-face, image-based interventions for college students conducted by fitness specialists. Over the following month several health-related activity domains and health-related quality of life significantly improved. The featured article reports outcomes 12 months later from a second such study which at three months found that a brief image-based intervention had led to reductions in various measures of drinking and cannabis use, improved exercise and sleep patterns, and enhanced spiritual and social health-related quality of life. For the study 18–21-year-old students at a public US university were recruited by adverts and announcements and paid for their participation. Of the 303 who volunteered, nearly all (299, of whom 60% were women) completed baseline questionnaires and were randomly assigned to then immediately participate in the image-based intervention or join a control group asked by a fitness specialist to read a standard brochure on fitness in a private office. publisher: Drug and Alcohol Findings date: 2012-09-12 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Drug and Alcohol Findings. (2012) Effectiveness Bank Bulletin [Brief preventive measures]. Drug and Alcohol Findings. Effectiveness Bank Bulletin, 10 September 2012 relation: http://findings.org.uk/docs/bulletins/Bull_10_09_12.php relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23404/ title: Interventions for tobacco use prevention in Indigenous youth. creator: Carson, Kristin V creator: Brinn, Malcolm P creator: Labiszewski, Nadina A creator: Peters, Matthew creator: Chang, Anne B creator: Veale, Antony creator: Esterman, Adrian J creator: Smith, Brian J subject: Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd date: 2012-08 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Carson, Kristin V and Brinn, Malcolm P and Labiszewski, Nadina A and Peters, Matthew and Chang, Anne B and Veale, Antony and Esterman, Adrian J and Smith, Brian J [The Cochrane Library] . (2012) Interventions for tobacco use prevention in Indigenous youth. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009325.pub2 relation: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009325.pub2 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14033/ title: Evidence of efficacy: Prevention interventions for families. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol related family problems subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Health care quality control subject: Prevention outcome subject: Drugs and alcohol in general subject: Family support subject: Services for family and children subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: Comprehensive family-oriented prevention interventions proved to be effective in reducing substance use (licit and illicit). Home visitation for disadvantaged families showed effects in reducing licit substance use. Interventions aimed at parents only needs to be further investigated. The EMCDDA Best Practice Portal presents a summary of findings in this area. publisher: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction date: 2012-05 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: [EMCDDA] (2012) Evidence of efficacy: Prevention interventions for families. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. relation: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/best-practice/prevention/families relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14065/ title: EMCDDA: Prevention profile: Ireland subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: Universal prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol description: What are countries in Europe doing to prevent illicit drug use? The prevention profiles section of the website tries to answer this question by providing information on the level of provision of different prevention measures in Europe (EU Member States, Croatia, Turkey and Norway). For more information, including methodology, definitions, data sources and technical information, please read the 'About prevention profiles' page. publisher: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction date: 2012-03 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. [EMCDDA] (2012) EMCDDA: Prevention profile: Ireland. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. relation: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/country-data/prevention/2011/ireland relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14013/ title: Evidence of efficacy: prevention interventions. subject: Health care quality control subject: School-based prevention subject: Universal prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol in general subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Europe subject: Community-based prevention description: This section summarises evidence about the effect of the most widespread prevention interventions. Prevention interventions are commonly classified in three categories: universal, selective and indicated interventions. In addition there are environmental approaches which are prevention measures that operate on the level of the social, formal and cultural norms tackling both licit and illicit drugs. Universal prevention targets the whole population, while selective prevention targets (vulnerable) groups, both with the aim of deterring or delaying the onset of substance use. Indicated prevention acts at the individual level to: prevent the development of a dependence; to stop progression, diminish the frequency; and consequently to prevent ’dangerous‘substance use. While this classification remains a valid analytical framework, we have opted to display the information according to the main target groups rather than the category of intervention provided, in order to follow the same methodological approach applied to other modules of this portal. Detailed information on the methodology used and the definition of terms can be found on the methodology page. The summary of findings are presented according to different types of settings: •Familes •School students •Community members •General population publisher: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction date: 2012 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: [EMCDDA] (2012) Evidence of efficacy: prevention interventions. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. relation: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/best-practice/prevention relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18808/ title: 2012 National Report (2011 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. subject: Prison-based health service subject: Illegal drug possession (seizures) subject: Ireland subject: Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death subject: Illegal production of drugs subject: Alcohol subject: New (novel) psychoactive substances subject: Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment unit subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences subject: Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Homelessness subject: Universal prevention subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol description: Table of contents 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis 2. Drug Use in the General Population and Specific Targeted Groups 3. Prevention 4. Problem drug use 5. Drug-Related Treatment: treatment demand and treatment availability 6. Health Correlates and Consequences 7. Responses to Health Correlates and Consequences 8. Social Correlates and Social Reintegration 9. Drug-related crime, prevention of drug-related crime and prison 10. Drug markets Selected issues 11. Residential care for drug users in Europe 12. Drug policies of large European cities publisher: Health Research Board date: 2012 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18808/1/NewIreland2012nationalreport2011data.pdf identifier: Health Research Board, Irish Focal Point. (2012) 2012 National Report (2011 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17020/ title: Reducing the harm from adolescent alcohol consumption: results from an adapted version of SHAHRP in Northern Ireland. creator: McKay, Michael T creator: McBride, Nyanda creator: Sumnall, Harry subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Targeted prevention subject: Northern Ireland subject: Alcohol subject: Harm reduction policy description: Background: The study aimed to trial an adapted version of the School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project (SHAHRP) in Northern Ireland. The intervention aims to enhance alcohol related knowledge, create more healthy alcohol-related attitudes and reduce alcohol-related harms in 14–16-year-olds. Method: A non-randomised control longitudinal design with intervention and control groups assessed students at baseline and 12, 24 and 32months after baseline. Students were from post-primary schools (high schools) in the Eastern Health Board Area in Northern Ireland. Two thousand three hundred and forty nine participants were recruited at baseline (mean age 13.84) with an attrition rate of 12.8% at 32-month follow-up. The intervention was an adapted, culturally competent version of SHAHRP, a curriculum programme delivered in two consecutive academic years, with an explicit harm reduction goal. Knowledge, attitudes, alcohol consumption, context of use, harm associated with own alcohol use and the alcohol use of other people were assessed at all time points. Results: There were significant intervention effects on all measures (intervention vs. controls) with differential effects observed for teacher-delivered and outside facilitator delivered SHAHRP. Conclusion: The study provides evidence of the cultural applicability of a harm reduction intervention (SHAHRP) for risky drinking in adolescents in a UK context. publisher: Informa healthcare date: 2012 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17020/1/McKay_M_2_findings.pdf identifier: McKay, Michael T and McBride, Nyanda and Sumnall, Harry (2012) Reducing the harm from adolescent alcohol consumption: results from an adapted version of SHAHRP in Northern Ireland. Journal of Substance Use , 17 , (2) , pp. 98-121. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20809/ title: ‘Coffee houses’ and ‘Crime prevention': Some thoughts on youth cafés and Garda youth diversion projects in the context of youth work in Ireland. creator: O’ hAodain, Michael subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Law enforcement and the justice system subject: Context discouraging drugs and alcohol use subject: Universal prevention subject: Ireland subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: risk factors description: There has been a significant increase in the number of youth cafés and Garda Youth Diversion Projects in Ireland. It could be argued that they represent two differing approaches to youth work; that youth cafés generally represent the ‘universal’ approach, while Garda Youth Diversion Projects are more representative of the ‘targeted’ approach. This paper will consider both initiatives in the context of youth work in Ireland, setting their emergence and development against the backdrop of youth work’s traditions and values, while also acknowledging the changing nature of the field and questioning the current direction of youth work. It will question the extent to which these developments reflect the core traditions and values of youth work and will go on to suggest that youth cafés, if properly funded and truly grounded in the traditions and values of youth work, have great potential to engage young people as critical and active participants in their communities and society. publisher: Irish Youth Work Press date: 2012 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: O’ hAodain, Michael (2012) ‘Coffee houses’ and ‘Crime prevention': Some thoughts on youth cafés and Garda youth diversion projects in the context of youth work in Ireland. Youth Studies Ireland , 5 , (2) , pp. 1-16. relation: http://youthworkireland.ie/images/uploads/general/coffeehouses.pdf relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26336/ title: Personalised normative feedback for preventing alcohol misuse in university students: Solomon three-group randomised controlled trial. creator: Moreira, Maria T creator: Oskrochi, Reza creator: Foxcroft, David R subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Alcohol subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Targeted prevention subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Student behaviour and participation subject: Undergraduate or graduate student subject: United Kingdom description: BACKGROUND: Young people tend to over-estimate peer group drinking levels. Personalised normative feedback (PNF) aims to correct this misperception by providing information about personal drinking levels and patterns compared with norms in similar aged peer groups. PNF is intended to raise motivation for behaviour change and has been highlighted for alcohol misuse prevention by the British Government Behavioural Insight Team. The objective of the trial was to assess the effectiveness of PNF with college students for the prevention of alcohol misuse. METHODOLOGY: Solomon three-group randomised controlled trial. 1751 students, from 22 British Universities, allocated to a PNF group, a normal control group, or a delayed measurement control group to allow assessment of any measurement effects. PNF was provided by email. Participants completed online questionnaires at baseline, 6- and 12-months (only 12-months for the delayed measurement controls). Drinking behaviour measures were (i) alcohol disorders; (ii) frequency; (iii) typical quantity, (iv) weekly consumption; (v) alcohol-related problems; (vi) perceived drinking norms; and (vii) positive alcohol expectancies. Analyses focused on high-risk drinkers, as well as all students, because of research evidence for the prevention paradox in student drinkers. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Follow-up rates were low, with only 50% and 40% responding at 6- and 12-months, respectively, though comparable to similar European studies. We found no evidence for any systematic attrition bias. Overall, statistical analyses with the high risk sub-sample, and for all students, showed no significant effects of the intervention, at either time-point, in a completed case analysis and a multiple imputation analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for the effectiveness of PNF for the prevention of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems in a UK student population. publisher: National Library for Public Health date: 2012 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Moreira, Maria T and Oskrochi, Reza and Foxcroft, David R [PLOS One] . (2012) Personalised normative feedback for preventing alcohol misuse in university students: Solomon three-group randomised controlled trial. National Library for Public Health. PloS one, 7 (9) /10.1371/journal.pone.0044120 relation: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0044120 relation: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044120 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16853/ title: UNODC youth initiative: discussion guide. Draft. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: International aspects subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: Contents: Section 1: Perceptions about Drug Use Section 2: What is Vulnerability? Section 3: The Direct Effects of Using Drugs Section 4: Abuse of Prescription Drug Section 5: Consequences and Risks Associated with Drug Use Section 6: Prevention of Drug Use Section 7:Treatment of Drug Dependence Section 8: The Role of Youth in the Global Effort to Prevent Drug Use Ice breaker ideas Guidelines for Creating Activities Appendix: Youth Friendly Sites Providing Information about Drug Use A site on how to manage your privacy on Facebook Forum Guidelines for Youth Initiative Facebook page publisher: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime date: 2011-12 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16853/1/UNODP_Youth_Initiative_Guide.pdf identifier: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2011) UNODC youth initiative: discussion guide. Draft. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19353/ title: Baseline evaluation of Early Learning Initiative. Final report. creator: Share, Michelle creator: McCarthy, Sandra creator: Greene, Sheila subject: Targeted prevention subject: Programme evaluation subject: Ireland subject: School-based prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Early intervention (young children) description: This study is a synthesis of the key findings from a two-year evaluation (2009-2011) of the National College of Ireland’s Early Learning Initiative. The study also relied on data from interviews with stakeholders and parents, and from an end of evaluation consultation with the ELI team. The aim of the study is to provide a guide to the ELI in the future development of its programme. The Early Learning Initiative (ELI) is a community-based educational initiative aimed at improving educational outcomes for children in the Dublin Docklands. The initiative provides support and training to parents, families and educators through a series of programmes and activities. The ELI operates as part of the National College of Ireland (NCI) and has been delivering educational programmes in the Docklands since 2006. publisher: Children's Research Centre date: 2011-11 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19353/1/Evaluation_Early_learning_initiative_Final_Report.pdf identifier: Share, Michelle and McCarthy, Sandra and Greene, Sheila (2011) Baseline evaluation of Early Learning Initiative. Final report. Dublin: Children's Research Centre. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16953/ title: Toolkit on how to better involve young people in alcohol-related projects. creator: Aanes, Ingunn subject: Targeted prevention subject: Underage drinker subject: Practice / clinical guidelines subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Alcohol subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Prevention by sponsor or setting subject: Community-based prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction subject: Underage drinking subject: Alcohol use subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Europe subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol description: Alcohol Policy Youth Network hosted several activities in the period 2008-2011 and has gathered good practices from these events to this toolkit on how to address three main challenges when it comes to youth and alcohol: • Youth (organizations) don’t see alcohol as a problem. • Lack of interest to make alcohol related projects. • Lack of knowledge and skills to make alcohol related projects. The participants, trainers and speakers of the activities helped to make this toolkit that will help APYN’s member organizations to tackle these challenges. 1. Introduction 2. Why alcohol can be a problem (Facts) 2.1 Alcohol related harm to the human body 2.2 Alcohol related harm to society 2.3 Alcohol and youth 3. How can we work on alcohol related projects 3.1 Effective measures in alcohol policy 3.2 Prevention projects 3.3 Media and lobbying • Media • Lobbying 4. Project development 4.1 Tips for project development 4.2 Examples A. Case study 1- Skjenkekontrollen B. Casestudy 2 – Plan for national youth councils 5. Conclusion publisher: Alcohol Policy Youth Network date: 2011 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16953/1/APYN_tool-kit-on-best-practices.pdf identifier: Aanes, Ingunn [APYN] . (2011) Toolkit on how to better involve young people in alcohol-related projects. Alcohol Policy Youth Network. 19 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15392/ title: Selective prevention: addressing vulnerability to problem drug use in Europe. creator: Burkhart, Gregor creator: Gyarmathy, V. Anna creator: Bo, Alessandra subject: Targeted prevention subject: Europe subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences description: Following the 2003 publication of the European Union (EU) Council Recommendations and the 2005–2008 and 2009–2012 EU Drugs Action Plans, increasing attention has been given in EU member states’ drug policies to populations that are vulnerable to problem drug use (PDU). Monitoring data reported to the EMCDDA by designated agencies from 30 countries highlight that vulnerable populations tied to institutions (e.g. young drug law offenders, pupils with academic problems, youth in care institutions) receive more attention in policy and intervention provision than vulnerable groups that are hard to reach (e.g. immigrants and homeless youth). The context of vulnerability to PDU in the EU is discussed, including the inadequacy in many member states of alternatives to imprisonment for underage drug law offenders, the difficulty of addressing the needs of ethnic and migrant groups and opportunities for prevention in culturally disadvantaged neighbourhoods. publisher: Informa healthcare date: 2011 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Burkhart, Gregor and Gyarmathy, V. Anna and Bo, Alessandra (2011) Selective prevention: addressing vulnerability to problem drug use in Europe. Drugs: Education Prevention and Policy , 18 , (6) , pp. 447-453. relation: http://informahealthcare.com/toc/dep/0/0 relation: doi:10.3109/09687637.2011.565823 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19994/ title: Strengthening our skills: Canadian guidelines for youth substance abuse prevention family skills programs. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Practice / clinical guidelines subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Canada description: This document (the Family-based Guidelines) provides direction to teams wishing to design their own family skills program, strengthen an existing program or adopt a published program. It is an important resource because it provides a benchmark for family skills programming as well as a framework for planning, implementation and evaluation. The guidelines found in this supplement are evidence-based and represent best practice. These programs are the focus of the Family-based Guidelines because they have been shown to be effective in a variety of cultural contexts and can potentially reach a broad population. Most of the family factors associated with substance abuse are also linked to other health and social issues—such as mental health problems, violence, criminal behaviour and risky sexual practices—so these programs can have broad effects. Family skills programs are best suited to ‘universal’ and ‘selective’ populations (i.e., primary prevention). They are led by trained prevention facilitators who, rather than focus on individual problems, employ strength-based techniques to encourage personal exploration of shared parenting concerns (e.g., communication, discipline). This document presents family skills programs as lying within both substance abuse prevention and family support systems in a community. Organizations or facilitators may come to the Family-based Guidelines through various routes; however, they are primarily intended for prevention resource persons (i.e., individuals with a mandate and expertise to conduct community and school prevention activities) working with a team that has an interest in providing health promotion and prevention support to families. The Family-based Guidelines is made up of four sections: Section One: Context for the Guidelines discusses factors affecting family well-being and youth substance abuse; presents a definition, description and theoretic underpinnings of family skills programs; and summarizes the benefits and challenges of implementing these programs. Section Two: Guidelines presents the nine guidelines for family skills programs, accompanied by an explanation of each. Section Three: Suggested Outline of Content for Family Skills Programs presents a content framework proposed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in its Guide to Implementing Family Skills Training Programmes for Drug Abuse Prevention (2009). Section Four: Appendices includes the methodology, references and bibliography. The nine guidelines for family skills programs are: 1. Build cultural competence into the program. 2. Clarify needs, resources, targets and aims. 3. Identify theory to guide design, implementation and evaluation. 4. Establish a solid organizational and community context for the program. 5. Pay attention to facilitator selection, training and support. 6. Ensure active recruitment of participants. 7. Implement evidence-based programming with fidelity. 8. Take steps to retain participants. 9. Monitor, evaluate and revise the program accordingly. publisher: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse date: 2011 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19994/1/Canada_Strenghtening_our_skills.pdf identifier: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. (2011) Strengthening our skills: Canadian guidelines for youth substance abuse prevention family skills programs. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. 71 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15264/ title: The relevance of ADHD in substance use disorders(SUD). creator: Carpentier, Pieter-Jan subject: Mental health care subject: Targeted prevention subject: International aspects subject: risk factors subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences subject: Drugs and alcohol related mental disorder description: At a recent seminar hosted by INCADDS key speaker Dr Pieter-Jan Carpentier (ICASA). Presented the most recent research on the subject. The research shows that many young people and adults with undiagnosed ADHD are at risk of substance misuse, but there is hope if consultants gain expertise in this field both in diagnosing and treatment. Dr Carpentier explained that in his country a group of interested consultants came together to increase their expertise through training in this complex area. Through this there are now many consultants with this expertise available in Holland to provide early expert diagnoses and multi modal long team seamless treatment. date: 2011 type: Conference or Workshop Item type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15264/1/INCADDS_conference_ADHD_SUD%5B1%5D.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15264/2/Europe_ADHD.pdf format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15264/3/Adolescents_ADHD_and_Addiction.pdf identifier: Carpentier, Pieter-Jan (2011) The relevance of ADHD in substance use disorders(SUD). In: ADHD & Substance Misuse, Friday January 14 2011, Sheraton Hotel, Athlone. relation: http://www.incadds.ie/news.php relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16812/ title: 2011 National Report (2010 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. subject: Prison-based health service subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: Child of drugs and alcohol user subject: Health services, drugs and alcohol research subject: Homeless services subject: Role of parent subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Europe subject: Policy on drugs and alcohol subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences subject: Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use subject: Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution description: Table of contents 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis 2. Drug Use in the General Population and Specific Targeted Groups 3. Prevention 4. Problem drug use 5. Drug-Related Treatment: treatment demand and treatment availability 6. Health Correlates and Consequences 7. Responses to Health Correlates and Consequences 8. Social Correlates and Social Reintegration 9. Drug-related crime, prevention of drug-related crime and prison 10. Drug markets Selected issues Drug related health policies and services in prison Drugs users with children (addicted parents, parenting, child care and related issues) publisher: Health Research Board date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16812/1/FinalIrelandnationalreport2011r.pdf identifier: Health Research Board, Irish Focal Point. (2011) 2011 National Report (2010 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Dublin: Health Research Board. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15646/ title: The social norms approach to tackling substance use. creator: Keane, Martin subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Universal prevention subject: Attitude toward drugs and alcohol addict or user subject: Societal attitude toward drugs and alcohol subject: Attitude toward drugs and alcohol subject: Psychosocial treatment method subject: Treatment factors subject: Peer relations subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention publisher: Health Research Board date: 2011 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15646/1/588911_Drugnet_Issue_38-d3_-_signed_off.pdf identifier: Keane, Martin (2011) The social norms approach to tackling substance use. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 38, Summer 2011 , pp. 16-17. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20808/ title: Targeted youth work in contemporary Ireland. creator: Scanlon, Margaret creator: Powell, Fred creator: Geoghegan, Martin creator: Swirak, Katharina subject: AOD task forces subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: funding subject: risk factors description: Debates about the implications of a targeted approach to youth work have been conducted over the last few decades. While it is often argued that targeting is a means of reaching and engaging marginalised young people, critics suggest that recent initiatives represent a form of surveillance and undermine the fundamental principles of youth work. In this article we explore the implications of targeting from the perspective of those working in the youth work sector in Ireland, based on interviews with youth workers and policy makers. A number of key themes emerged from these interviews, including issues around whether targeted projects are complementary or compensatory, whether they empower or control young people, and whether they are genuinely based on voluntary participation and promote social integration. While participants were mindful of the possible drawbacks of certain interventions, there was a general consensus that targeting (in some form) is necessary to reach the most disadvantaged young people in Irish society. publisher: Irish Youth Work Press date: 2011 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Scanlon, Margaret and Powell, Fred and Geoghegan, Martin and Swirak, Katharina (2011) Targeted youth work in contemporary Ireland. Youth Studies Ireland , 6 , (1) , pp. 1-15. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19356/ title: Developing early years professionalism. Evaluation of the Early Learning Initiative’s Professional Development Programme in community childcare centres in the Dublin Docklands. creator: Share, Michelle creator: Kerrins, Liz creator: Greene, Sheila subject: Family role subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: Prevention through information and education subject: Family-focused prevention subject: risk factors subject: Drugs and alcohol related family problems subject: Early intervention (young children) subject: Programme evaluation subject: Family support subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: From 2007 to 2010, the Early Learning Initiative (ELI) at the National College of Ireland (NCI) supported 24 early years practitioners from 11 community childcare centres located in Dublin’s Docklands to undertake training in Pen Green’s methodology to develop partnerships with parents to support their child’s learning - Parental Involvement in Children’s Learning (PICL). This report describes an evaluation of the implementation of the PICL framework in a sample of five of these childcare centres. Specifically the evaluation sought to identify and analyse: • What does parental involvement mean in childcare settings where staff have undergone PICL training? • How have these childcare centres implemented the PICL training? • To what extent has awareness been raised amongst childcare practitioners about parental involvement in children’s learning? • How do parents who use the centres regard parental involvement in the childcare centres? • Which elements of the PICL training worked best, and for which groups? • What are the barriers and facilitators to parental involvement in the early years settings; and • Are any future training and resources required to encourage parental involvement in the childcare centres? This report also discusses the sustainability of the use of the Pen Green approach in the Docklands childcare centres and the future role of the ELI in supporting continuous professional development (CPD) and parental involvement. publisher: Children's Research Centre date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19356/1/Evlaution_DevelopingEarlyYearsProfessionalism.pdf identifier: Share, Michelle and Kerrins, Liz and Greene, Sheila (2011) Developing early years professionalism. Evaluation of the Early Learning Initiative’s Professional Development Programme in community childcare centres in the Dublin Docklands. Dublin: Children's Research Centre. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16490/ title: Mentoring adolescents to prevent drug and alcohol use. creator: Thomas, Roger E. creator: Lorenzetti, Diane creator: Spragins, Wendy subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Interpersonal interaction and group dynamics subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Prevention outcome subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: Objectives: Assess effectiveness of mentoring to prevent adolescent alcohol/drug use. Conclusions: All four RCTs were in the US, and included “deprived” and mostly minority adolescents. Participants were young (in two studies age 12, and in two others 9-16). All students at baseline were non-users of alcohol and drugs. Two RCTs found mentoring reduced the rate of initiation of alcohol, and one of drug usage. The ability of the interventions to be effective was limited by the low rates of commencing alcohol and drug use during the intervention period in two studies (the use of marijuana in one study increased to 1% in the experimental and to 1.6% in the control group, and in another study drug usage rose to 6% in the experimental and 11% in the control group). However, in a third study there was scope for the intervention to have an effect as alcohol use rose to 19% in the experimental and 27% in the control group. The studies assessed structured programmes and not informal mentors. publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd date: 2011 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Thomas, Roger E. and Lorenzetti, Diane and Spragins, Wendy [The Cochrane Library] . (2011) Mentoring adolescents to prevent drug and alcohol use. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (11) Art. No.: CD007381. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007381.pub2 relation: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007381.pub2/abstract relation: Art. No.: CD007381. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007381.pub2 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15934/ title: Universal family-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. creator: Foxcroft, David creator: Tsertsvadze, Alexander subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Universal prevention subject: Family-focused prevention subject: Underage drinking subject: Prevention outcome subject: Alcohol use subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: Family-based alcohol misuse prevention for young people can be effective We conducted a Cochrane systematic review of 12 randomised controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of family-based universal programs for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young people. In family settings, universal prevention typically takes the form of supporting the development of parenting skills including parental support, nurturing behaviours, establishing clear boundaries or rules, and parental monitoring. Social and peer resistance skills, the development of behavioural norms and positive peer affiliations can also be addressed with a universal family-based preventive program. Most of the studies included in this review reported positive effects of family-based universal programs for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young people. Two studies, each with a large sample size, reported no effects. In conclusion, in this Cochrane systematic review we found that that the effects of family-based prevention interventions are small but generally consistent and also persistent into the medium- to longer-term. publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd date: 2011 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15934/1/Foxcroft_DR_6_findings.pdf identifier: Foxcroft, David and Tsertsvadze, Alexander [The Cochrane Library] . (2011) Universal family-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009308 relation: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009308/abstract relation: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009308 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15933/ title: Universal multi-component prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. creator: Foxcroft, David creator: Tsertsvadze, Alexander subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Prevention approach subject: Universal prevention subject: Prevention programme or service subject: Prevention by sponsor or setting subject: Underage drinking subject: Prevention outcome subject: Alcohol use subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: Universal multi-component alcohol misuse prevention for young people can be effective We conducted a Cochrane systematic review of 20 randomised controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of universal multi-component programs for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young people. Multi-component prevention programs are defined as those prevention efforts that deliver interventions in multiple settings, for example in both school and family settings, typically combining school curricula with a parenting intervention. A majority of the studies included in this review reported positive effects of multi-component programs for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young people, with effects persisting into the medium- and longer-term. But a notable proportion of trials reported no statistically significant effects. In seven studies we were able to assess the impact of single versus multiple components, and only 1 out of the 7 studies clearly showed a benefit of components delivered in more than one setting. In conclusion, there is some evidence that multi-component interventions for alcohol misuse prevention in young people can be effective. However, there is little evidence that interventions with multiple components are more effective than interventions with single components. publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd date: 2011 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15933/1/Foxcroft_DR_7_findings.pdf identifier: Foxcroft, David and Tsertsvadze, Alexander [The Cochrane Library] . (2011) Universal multi-component prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009307 relation: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009307/abstract;jsessionid=7DB973B3C3959B8A40923F85C90FEECD.d01t03 relation: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009307 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15182/ title: Gateway transitions in rural Irish youth: implications for culturally appropriate and targeted drug prevention. creator: Van Hout, Marie Claire creator: Ryan, Rebecca subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention description: In recent times rural areas in Ireland are indicating comparable drug availability and prevalence of use to urban settings, with the recognition of development of unique rural drug subcultures (NACD, 2008). Additionally, there is a dearth of research on drug-use initiation and transitions among Irish youth, and most particularly outside of the urban context. This letter presents snapshot quantitative findings from a large scale concurrent mixed method study on rural youth substance use in the South East of Ireland. It aims to discuss the observed quantitative findings with reference to potential implications for the design of culturally appropriate and drug specific drug education initiatives in rural Ireland. publisher: American Alcohol & Drug Information Foundation date: 2011 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Van Hout, Marie Claire and Ryan, Rebecca (2011) Gateway transitions in rural Irish youth: implications for culturally appropriate and targeted drug prevention. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education , 55 , (1) , pp. 7-14. relation: http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Gateway-transitions-in-rural-Irish/256364827.html relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15860/ title: Peer and universal drug prevention in Ireland: food for thought. creator: Van Hout, Marie Claire subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Targeted prevention subject: Universal prevention subject: Louth subject: Ireland subject: Meath subject: Cavan subject: Monaghan subject: Peer relations subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Tobacco (cigarette smoking) description: I am writing to the Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education to present results from a regional study investigating prevalence of substance use among 12 Irish secondary schools in the North Eastern region of Ireland: Counties Louth, Monaghan, Cavan and Meath. 6 of these schools received peer education, as adjunct to the universal national drug education curriculum, Social Personal and Health Education, (SPHE). The research aimed to present regional youth substance prevalence data for the Regional Drug Task Force Data Coordination unit. However, some interesting differences emerged between schools receiving peer education funded by the Drug Task Force and those schools did not. The letter also wishes to draw attention to the current lack of peer education program quality assurance and outcome evaluations in Ireland, with an increasing amount of freelance companies offering peer education (Substance Use Peer Education Responses Program (SUPER), Hands on Peer Education (HOPE), Peer Education Program (PEP), Positive Youth Education (PYE), and DAP, Cross Care) often funded by local and regional Drugs Task Forces. A systematic review of the National Documentation Centre on Drug Use databases yielded no peer education evaluations conducted to date in Ireland. publisher: American Alcohol & Drug Information Foundation date: 2011 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Van Hout, Marie Claire (2011) Peer and universal drug prevention in Ireland: food for thought. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education , 55 , (2) , pp. 8-13. (In Press) relation: http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Peer-universal-drug-prevention-in/268478438.html relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19992/ title: Building on our strengths: Canadian standards for school-based youth substance abuse prevention. subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: School drugs and alcohol policy subject: Targeted prevention subject: School-based prevention subject: School context subject: Practice / clinical guidelines subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Canada description: The Standards aim to support these workers by providing them with: • a benchmark of optimal performance for school teams; • support and guidance to pursue continuous improvements; and • practical resources and examples to support change. These are standards of excellence that strive towards optimal substance abuse prevention programs in schools. This is a destination that may seem difficult to reach, but it is attainable by building upon a school’s existing strengths and current prevention programming. To begin this journey, the Standards serve as a roadmap to help schools reflect on where they are now, where they wish to go and what areas of program development will prove beneficial in their prevention efforts. publisher: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse date: 2010 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19992/1/Canada_Building_on_our_strengths.pdf identifier: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. (2010) Building on our strengths: Canadian standards for school-based youth substance abuse prevention. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. 139 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19993/ title: Stronger together: Canadian standards for community-based youth substance abuse prevention. subject: Targeted prevention subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: School-based prevention subject: Practice / clinical guidelines subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Canada subject: Community-based prevention description: These Standards have been prepared to support the prevention efforts of all those considering or currently engaged in community-based prevention work. Communities play a key role in preventing substance abuse and promoting the health of community members. How various members of the community go about their business can affect youth health—either promoting or hindering it. Youth substance abuse prevention is a long-term process, but the potential rewards are great: fewer substance use problems occur among local youth, more youth experience positive development and quality of life in the community improves. The Standards aim to support community prevention workers by providing them with: • a benchmark of optimal performance for school teams; • support and guidance to pursue continuous improvements; and • practical resources and examples to support change. These are standards of excellence that strive towards optimal substance abuse prevention initiatives in communities. This destination may be reached by building upon existing strengths within the community and current prevention initiatives. To begin this journey, the Standards serve as a roadmap to help communities reflect on where they are now, where they wish to go and what areas of program development will prove beneficial in their prevention efforts. The Standards are divided into four sections. The first section provides an introduction to the Standards initiative and highlights the importance of addressing youth substance abuse in the community. The second section outlines the guiding concepts that form the foundation of the Standards and details each of the 18 Standards. The third section provides a workbook with options for a 20-minute self-assessment, an in-depth self-assessment or an external review by a National Review Panel to further strengthen an initiative. Additionally, the third section provides further information regarding how to build a logic model and further elaborates on monitoring and evaluation. Lastly, the fourth section includes appendices that contain further information on risk and protective factors, the theoretical framework for the Standards and the methods used in the development of the Standards. The Standards are based on the principle of continuous improvement and will be reviewed and updated on a regular basis, based on evidence and feedback from those who have implemented them. The Standards address the life cycle of an initiative, which is divided across five phases: • Assess the situation. • Organize the team and build capacity. • Plan a logical and sustainable initiative. • Coordinate and implement evidence-based activities. • Evaluate and revise the initiative accordingly. publisher: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse date: 2010 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19993/1/Canada_Stronger_together.pdf identifier: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. (2010) Stronger together: Canadian standards for community-based youth substance abuse prevention. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. 160 p. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15376/ title: Shifting focus:from criminal justice to social justice. Building better and safer communities. subject: Youth (juvenile) offending subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: Early intervention (young children) description: Crime cannot be viewed as a social problem in isolation from deeper social and economic issues. Understanding and responding to offending behaviour is a complex issue. There is no one ‘cause’ and no single solution; consequently one dimensional approaches are unlikely to produce results. Currently, the Irish criminal justice system is spending increasing and wasteful amounts of scarce resources with poor results in reducing crime, when modest investments in under-resourced communities would have greater positive effects in reducing offending, as well as producing wider social benefifits. In this policy document, IPRT, Barnardos and IAYPIC present the case for making the shift in resources from criminal justice to social justice, thereby creating better communities and a safer society for all. publisher: Irish Penal Reform Trust; Barnardos; IAYPC date: 2010 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15376/1/IPRT_Barnardos_IAYPIC_Shifting_Focus_Position_Paper_EMBARGOED_TO_23_SEPT_2010%5B1%5D.pdf identifier: Irish Penal Reform Trust, Barnardos, Irish Association of Young People in Care. (2010) Shifting focus:from criminal justice to social justice. Building better and safer communities. Dublin: Irish Penal Reform Trust; Barnardos; IAYPC. relation: http://www.iprt.ie/shifting-focus relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15375/ title: From Justice to Welfare: the case for investment in prevention and early intervention. creator: Murphy, Candy subject: Youth (juvenile) offending subject: Targeted prevention subject: Ireland subject: Early intervention (young children) description: This report is based on a literature review, commissioned by IPRT, Barnardos and IAYPIC and carried out in late 2009 and early 2010 by Candy Murphy, CMAdvice Ltd. The three commissioning organisations are responsible for the content of the report. The commissioning of this literature review was the first stage in a joint programme of work for our three organisations which seeks to illustrate the potential for the policies and practices of prevention and early intervention identified in this report. The literature review provided a platform for our three organisations to develop a joint Position Paper, Shifting Focus: From Criminal Justice to Social Justice (published September 2010) and for a joint conference hosted by the three organisations on September 23rd 2010 in Dublin. publisher: Irish Prison Reform Trust; Barnardos; IAYPIC date: 2010 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15375/1/From_Justice_to_Welfare_-_The_Case_for_Investment_in_Prevention_and_Early_Intervention%5B1%5D.pdf identifier: Murphy, Candy (2010) From Justice to Welfare: the case for investment in prevention and early intervention. Dublin: Irish Prison Reform Trust; Barnardos; IAYPIC. relation: http://www.iprt.ie/contents/1831 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17910/ title: School-based interventions to prevent the uptake of smoking among children and young people. subject: Targeted prevention subject: School context subject: risk factors subject: School-based prevention subject: United Kingdom subject: Drugs and alcohol prevention subject: Tobacco (cigarette smoking) description: For the purposes of this guidance, 'schools' is used to refer to the following educational establishments: • maintained and independent primary, secondary and special schools • city technology colleges and academies • pupil referral units, secure training and local authority secure units • further education colleges • 'extended schools' where childcare or informal education is provided outside school hours. The guidance is for commissioners, managers and practitioners who have a direct or indirect role in, and responsibility for, preventing the uptake of smoking by children and young people. This includes those working in the NHS, local authorities, education and the wider public, private, voluntary and community sectors. It may also be of interest to children and young people, their parents or carers and other members of the public. publisher: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence date: 2010 type: Evidence resource type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17910/1/NICE_School_based_interventions_to_prevent_uptake_of_smoking.pdf identifier: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. [NICE] (2010) School-based interventions to prevent the uptake of smoking among children and young people. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 54 p. Public health guidance 23 relation: Public health guidance 23