relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22553/ title: Electronic nicotine delivery systems. subject: Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) subject: Nicotine product (e-cigarette) subject: Availability or accessibility to minors publisher: WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control date: 2014 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22553/1/WHO10-en.pdf identifier: WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (2014) Electronic nicotine delivery systems. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17680/ title: Alcohol and cannabis use among school-aged children in Ireland. creator: Long, Jean subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Underage drinker subject: Ireland subject: Student (secondary level) subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Cannabis / Marijuana subject: Underage drinking subject: Alcohol use subject: Drugs and alcohol use behaviour publisher: Health Research Board date: 2012-06 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17680/1/Drugnet_42_-_Draft_4_-_as_signed_off.pdf identifier: Long, Jean (2012) Alcohol and cannabis use among school-aged children in Ireland. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 42, Summer 2012 , pp. 1-2. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16685/ title: Substance abuse amongst adolescents in modern suburban ireland. creator: Halbgewachs, Colin creator: Ismail, Hazwani creator: Purewal, Kaverveer creator: Culkin, Sarah creator: Sandys, Vicki creator: Hadad, ZakariyahAl creator: Barrett, Elizabeth creator: Murphy, Anne Marie creator: Roche, Edna subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Ireland subject: urban society subject: risk factors subject: Underage drinking subject: Drugs and alcohol use behaviour description: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) defines drug abuse as a pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning. One of the following must be present within a 12 month period: Recurrent use resulting in a failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations (e.g., driving while intoxicated) Legal problems resulting from recurrent use Continued use despite significant social or interpersonal problems caused by the substance use. Risk Factors The presence of risk factors can have a major influence on an adolescent's potential for substance abuse3. Individual: poor social skills, physical/sexual abuse, poor school performance and having a positive perception of substances. Environmental: poor/absent parenting skills, family violence, parental use, poor enforcement/laws, lack of recreational activities, poor socioeconomic status and substance accessibility. ESPAD 2007 The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs(1) (ESPAD) collects comparable data on substance use among 15–16 year-old European students in order to monitor trends within as well as between countries. Social Context Despite the punitive measures imposed by Irish legislation, pervasive cultural norms take a more lax perspective. 43% of Irish teenagers disapprove of peers who get drunk on a regular basis, compared to 80% of their counterparts in Italy, and 74% in Greece(4). 57% of teenagers stated that it would be easy for them to get cocaine, and 61% reporting a high rate of access to ecstasy, alcohol and tobacco(5). date: 2011-12 type: Conference or Workshop Item type: NonPeerReviewed identifier: Halbgewachs, Colin and Ismail, Hazwani and Purewal, Kaverveer and Culkin, Sarah and Sandys, Vicki and Hadad, ZakariyahAl and Barrett, Elizabeth and Murphy, Anne Marie and Roche, Edna (2011) Substance abuse amongst adolescents in modern suburban ireland. In: Excellence in Paediatrics 2011, 30 November - 03 December 2011, Istanbul Congress Centre, Turkey. relation: http://www.epostersonline.com/excepaed2011/?q=node/1582&page=1%2C1 relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15849/ title: One on every corner: the relationship between off-licence density and alcohol harms in young people. subject: Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Underage drinking subject: United Kingdom subject: Alcohol use subject: Alcohol beverage sales outlet subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Underage drinker subject: risk factors description: Alcohol Concern’s Youth Policy project commissioned Dr Nikki Coghill, Senior Research Fellow at the University of the West of England, to conduct some statistical analysis into the density of off-licensed premises and alcohol harms in young people in selected areas of England. As far as we are aware, this is the first study of its kind in this country to focus on the links between off-licence density and harms in under-18s. The analysis uncovered a moderate but statistically significant relationship between the density of off-licensed premises and alcohol specific hospital admissions in young people under-18-years-old per 100,000 of population. Our findings suggest that the greater the availability of alcohol, the greater the risk of young people suffering alcohol harm. Therefore, the changing nature of where we buy and consume alcohol may have an impact on the risk of harms to young people. Limitations in the recording of alcohol-related conditions in hospitals and A&E departments means that the results from this study are likely to be an under-representation of the true picture of harms impacting on young people. Effective harm prevention therefore not only requires targeting education, information and support at an individual level among young people, but control of the concentration of alcohol outlets at a community level. publisher: Alcohol Concern date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15849/1/one_on_every_corner.pdf identifier: Alcohol Concern Youth Policy Project. (2011) One on every corner: the relationship between off-licence density and alcohol harms in young people. London: Alcohol Concern. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16952/ title: Report on the impact of marketing, price and availability of alcohol on young people’s consumption levels. subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Underage drinker subject: risk factors subject: Alcohol consumption subject: Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) subject: Underage drinking subject: Alcohol use subject: Economic availability or accessibility subject: Availability, accessibility, and use subject: Europe subject: Marketing and public relations (advertising) description: Table of conents: Summary Background Introduction: Young people’s alcohol consumption The influence of alcohol marketing strategies Study Aims Methodology Part 1: Online survey Part 2: Documenting exposure of young people to alcohol marketing Results: Online Survey Demographic data Drinking habits Purchasing habits Factors influencing decision to buy an alcoholic drink Attitudes Documenting exposure of young people to alcohol marketing Discussion: Limitations Conclusion and future recommendations Acknowledgements References Appendices publisher: Alcohol Policy Youth Network date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16952/1/Alcohol_Policy_Youth_Network_marketing-youth-study.pdf identifier: Alcohol Policy Youth Network. (2011) Report on the impact of marketing, price and availability of alcohol on young people’s consumption levels. Alcohol Policy Youth Network. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16441/ title: Fact or fiction: a study of attitudes to alcohol and related issues among young people in the Ballymun area. creator: Herbert, Christian creator: Fennelly, Cara subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Level of drugs and alcohol use among peers subject: Underage drinker subject: Dublin subject: Youth-club / cafe based prevention subject: Alcohol subject: Underage drinking subject: Peer pressure (bullying) subject: Attitude toward drugs and alcohol description: A Questionnaire was developed to engage young people from the ages of 12-18 on their attitudes to alcohol in the Ballymun area. The purpose of this research was to determine if attitudes are different according to age group. Questions ranged from opinions on public drinking, peer pressure and relationships with parents/guardians. The study groups were divided into three categories. It was clear that the 12/13 year age group overall were still at the stage where they agreed that drinking alcohol was against the law for young people, they were at times quiet judgemental and used either stereotypes or education to influence their answers. While the 14-16 year age group were at the stage where drinking alcohol was seen to them as the norm and their answers very much reflected on their social life and their friends, they were not looking at consequences and saw no harm in the activity. The 17/18 year age group were at a reflective stage and at times their answers were quite similar to the 12/13 year olds, this time using life experience/education, they were starting to look at consequences. This research has shown that there are significant changes in attitudes to alcohol among young people; the 12/13 year olds not having a vested interest, to the 14/16 year olds at the stage of experimenting, to the 17/18 year olds now assessing their use. A number of recommendations are given based on the findings. publisher: Ballymun Youth Action Project date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16441/1/BYAP-Fact-or-Fiction_Proof.pdf identifier: Herbert, Christian and Fennelly, Cara (2011) Fact or fiction: a study of attitudes to alcohol and related issues among young people in the Ballymun area. Dublin: Ballymun Youth Action Project. relation: http://www.byap.ie/2011/11/reports-on-substance-misuse-launched relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14698/ title: Combating underage alcohol abuse through sport. creator: Mongan, Deirdre subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Underage drinker subject: Ireland subject: Underage drinking subject: Sponsorship subject: Alcohol use subject: Sports-based prevention publisher: Health Research Board date: 2011 type: Article type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14698/1/Drugnet_36_-_Draft_5_-_as_signed_off.pdf identifier: Mongan, Deirdre (2011) Combating underage alcohol abuse through sport. Drugnet Ireland , Issue 36, Winter 2010 , pp. 13-14. relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14639/ title: Teenage drinking cultures creator: Percy, Andrew creator: Wilson, Joanne creator: McCartan, Claire creator: McCrystal, Patrick subject: Underage drinking subject: Social drinking subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Northern Ireland subject: Peer pressure (bullying) subject: Alcohol subject: Supplying drugs and alcohol to a minor subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences description: This report investigates the onset and development of drinking behaviours within teenage friendship groups. publisher: Joseph Rowntree Foundation date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14639/1/plugin-teenage-drinking-culture-full.pdf identifier: Percy, Andrew and Wilson, Joanne and McCartan, Claire and McCrystal, Patrick (2011) Teenage drinking cultures. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. relation: http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/teenage-drinking-cultures relation: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16346/ title: Changing the future: experiencing adolescence in contemporary Ireland: alcohol and drugs. subject: Availability or accessibility to minors subject: Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) subject: Problem drugs and alcohol use subject: Underage drinker subject: Ireland subject: Supplying drugs and alcohol to a minor subject: Underage drinking subject: Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences description: More of the respondents reported that they took drugs than reported that they smoked cigarettes’ finds the first report which addresses the issues of drugs and alcohol. Key findings in the report included: While 77% of the total respondents report that they drink alcohol, 15% reported that they got drunk for the first time before they were fourteen years old; The great majority (89%) of respondents report that their parents are aware of their drinking; 1 in 5 sixteen year old respondents report that they purchase the alcohol they consume themselves; More than one third of respondents reported that they had taken drugs; The reported prevalence of mental health difficulties such as depression, self-harm, eating disorders or feeling suicidal was noticeably higher amongst those respondents who also reported the use of drugs The UNICEF Ireland report concludes that ‘What is absolutely clear from the responses to this survey is that drugs and alcohol are both widely available and widely used amongst many young people living in Ireland. It is imperative that we address this prevalence openly and bring it into the crucial discussions that will shape the future experiences of young people in Ireland.’ publisher: UNICEF Ireland date: 2011 type: Report type: NonPeerReviewed format: application/pdf language: en identifier: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16346/1/UNICEF_Report-Alcohol__Drugs_Report-Web.pdf identifier: UNICEF Ireland. (2011) Changing the future: experiencing adolescence in contemporary Ireland: alcohol and drugs. Dublin: UNICEF Ireland. relation: http://www.unicef.ie/NewsMedia/UNICEF-Ireland-today-launches-the-final-two-reports-in-the-Changing-the-Future-series--72-277.aspx