info:oai:generic.eprints.org:27751info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27751/ Adolescent alcohol use and parental and adolescent socioeconomic position in six European cities. Bosque-Prous, Marina Kuipers, Mirte AG Espelt, Albert Richter, Matthias Rimpelä, Arja Perelman, Julian Federico, Bruno Brugal, M Teresa Lorant, Vincent Kunst, Anton E Alcohol consumption Alcohol risk factors Parental attitude Family role Role of parent Drugs and alcohol related family problems Financial (money) problems Poverty Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Parent Europe Background: Many risk behaviours in adolescence are socially patterned. However, it is unclear to what extent socioeconomic position (SEP) influences adolescent drinking in various parts of Europe. We examined how alcohol consumption is associated with parental SEP and adolescents’ own SEP among students aged 14–17 years. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected in the 2013 SILNE study. Participants were 8705 students aged 14–17 years from 6 European cities. The dependent variable was weekly binge drinking. Main independent variables were parental SEP (parental education level and family affluence) and adolescents’ own SEP (student weekly income and academic achievement). Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance and random intercept were fitted to estimate the association between adolescent drinking and SEP. Results: Prevalence of weekly binge drinking was 4.2% (95%CI = 3.8–4.6). Weekly binge drinking was not associated with parental education or family affluence. However, weekly binge drinking was less prevalent in adolescents with high academic achievement than those with low achievement (PR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.14–0.87), and more prevalent in adolescents with >€50 weekly income compared to those with ≤€5/week (PR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.23–4.42). These associations were found to vary according to country, but not according to gender or age group. Conclusions: Across the six European cities, adolescent drinking was associated with adolescents’ own SEP, but not with parental SEP. Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent drinking seem to stem from adolescents’ own situation rather than that of their family. BioMed Central 2017-08 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed Bosque-Prous, Marina <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Bosque-Prous=3AMarina=3A=3A.html> and Kuipers, Mirte AG <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Kuipers=3AMirte_AG=3A=3A.html> and Espelt, Albert <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Espelt=3AAlbert=3A=3A.html> and Richter, Matthias <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Richter=3AMatthias=3A=3A.html> and Rimpelä, Arja <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Rimpel=E4=3AArja=3A=3A.html> and Perelman, Julian <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Perelman=3AJulian=3A=3A.html> and Federico, Bruno <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Federico=3ABruno=3A=3A.html> and Brugal, M Teresa <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Brugal=3AM_Teresa=3A=3A.html> and Lorant, Vincent <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Lorant=3AVincent=3A=3A.html> and Kunst, Anton E <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Kunst=3AAnton_E=3A=3A.html> [Biomed Central] . (2017) Adolescent alcohol use and parental and adolescent socioeconomic position in six European cities. BioMed Central. BMC Public Health, 17 (646) doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7 https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7 doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4635-7info:oai:generic.eprints.org:27114info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27114/ Improving lives: helping workless families. risk factors Vocational rehabilitation (employment / occupation) Family support Family role Financial (money) problems Poverty Employment and unemployment Services for family and children England This publication sets out plans to improve the support given to workless families and their children, so that they can overcome the complex problems they face. The proposals outlined in this document include: • launching the next phase of the Troubled Families Programme, which will place a greater emphasis on helping parents with complex needs into work • a new programme to reduce parental conflict by providing access to proven support for the most disadvantaged families, whether parents are together or separated • enhancing the role of Jobcentre Plus in working with local partners in a more joined-up way, to identify people with complex needs at the right time and better address their needs • greater support to help those with drug and alcohol dependencies into work, by implementing recommendations from Dame Carol Black’s review of employment and drug and alcohol dependency Department of Work and Pensions 2017-04 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27114/1/PHE_improving-lives-helping-workless-families.pdf United Kingdom. Department for Work and Pensions. [Public Health England] (2017) Improving lives: helping workless families. London: Department of Work and Pensions. 32 p. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:27163info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27163/ Socio-economic review 2017. risk factors Social support Inclusion and exclusion Poverty Government and politics Economic policy Social worker Ireland This review argues that Ireland's present social contract is broken and that 2017 is the perfect opportunity to develop a new and radical social contract for Ireland’s second century. All democracies are founded on a social contract. The social contract is how the standard of living everyone expects and agrees on is implemented and delivered and how the balance of rights and responsibilities among citizens, communities, institutions and government is maintained. A progressive social contract is one where Government works in the interest of all, where social cohesion and the common good are the primary measures of progress, and the economy is nurtured for the benefit of society. This Review outlines a series of policies and recommendations which would deliver a progressive social contract. Social Justice Ireland 2017-04 Report NonPeerReviewed Social Justice Ireland. (2017) Socio-economic review 2017. Dublin: Social Justice Ireland. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:26961info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26961/ Dying from inequality: socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour. Summary report. suicidal behaviour / suicide Suicide prevention Inclusion and exclusion Social equality and inequality Poverty Ireland United Kingdom This report reviews literature on recent and ongoing economic shocks in the UK, Ireland and other countries, considering the impact of economic recession and periods of economic uncertainty on suicidal behaviour.This report also reviews accounts from people who have self-harmed (with differing levels of suicidal intent) or died by suicide (information based on suicide notes or coroners’ hearings). They constitute a diverse group, including both the less advantaged (eg, drug-dependent, incarcerated, homeless, living in poor housing, in poor urban and rural areas) and the more advantaged (eg, college students, school attendees, ‘high achievers’, and those who are employed). Presented below are four thematic understandings of suicidal behaviour relating to socioeconomic disadvantage: • as an outcome of factors arising due to disadvantage, typically early trauma and loss, but also including experiences of homelessness, poor housing, unemployment, job loss and financial crises • as a response to shame, associated with relationship breakdown, economic insecurity, job loss, and unemployment • as a way of ‘coping’ with distress, anger, difficult situations (including those related to money or housing), and relationship problems • as a method of enacting control over the self or body, often when an individual feels powerless. Recommendations • Individuals, communities and wider society can all play a part in reducing the risk of suicidal behaviour. Governments need to take a lead by placing a stronger emphasis on suicide prevention as an inequality issue. • National suicide prevention strategies need to target efforts towards the most vulnerable people and places, in order to reduce geographical inequalities in suicide. • Effective cross-governmental approaches are required, with mental health services improved and protected. Suicide prevention needs to be a government priority in welfare, education, housing and employment policies. • Workplaces should have in place a suicide prevention plan, and provide better psychological support to all employees, especially those experiencing job insecurity or those affected by downsizing. • Poverty and debt need to be destigmatised so that individuals feel valued and able to access support without fear of being judged. • Every local area should have a suicide prevention plan in place. This should include the development and maintenance of services that provide support to individuals experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. • Staff and volunteers in services accessed by socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals or groups should receive specialist training in recognising, understanding and responding to individuals who are in distress and may be suicidal (even if they do not say they are feeling suicidal). • People bereaved or affected by suicidal behaviour, and therefore at higher risk of suicide themselves, should be offered tailored psychological, practical and financial support particularly in disadvantaged communities. Samaritans 2017-03 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26961/1/Samaritans_Dying_from_inequality_report-summary.pdf Samaritans. (2017) Dying from inequality: socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour. Summary report. London: Samaritans. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:26228info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalDillonLucyDillon, Lucy <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Dillon=3ALucy=3A=3A.html>Issue 59, Autumn 2016October 2016Outcomes: drug harms, policy harms, poverty and inequality.Drugnet Ireland5-6articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:25676info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25676/ Understanding the relationship between poverty and alcohol misuse. Jones, Lisa Sumnall, Harry Alcohol consumption Alcohol Alcohol dependence risk factors Social equality and inequality Poverty This rapid review of the evidence on poverty and alcohol misuse was commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation as part of their programme to develop Anti-Poverty Strategies for the UK. The purpose of the rapid review is to provide an evidence base that the Joseph Rowntree Foundation can use in developing their Anti-Poverty Strategies, enabling them to decide how to address alcohol misuse within the Strategies. The findings of the rapid review are presented across five chapters. • Chapter 1 presents an introduction to the issues around alcohol consumption, summarising existing knowledge on the risks and benefits of alcohol consumption to health, to others and related issues of stigma and marginalisation. It also identifies the definitions used in this report for problem alcohol use and presents prevalence figures on problem alcohol use in the UK. • Chapter 2 provides a summary of the methods used to collate the evidence used in the rapid review. More detail on the methods is also provided in Appendix 1. • Chapter 3 presents the findings from a review of the correlations between poverty and problem alcohol use. This chapter also summarises the research evidence for the mechanisms and pathways that may link poverty and problem alcohol use. • Chapter 4 presents a summary of the evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for policies and interventions targeting problem alcohol use. • Chapter 5 brings together and discusses the findings from the two review elements and attempts to draw out implications for research and policy. Liverpool John Moores University 2016-06 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25676/1/Understanding-the-relationship-between-poverty-and-alcohol-abuse-2.pdf Jones, Lisa <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Jones=3ALisa=3A=3A.html> and Sumnall, Harry <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Sumnall=3AHarry=3A=3A.html> . (2016) Understanding the relationship between poverty and alcohol misuse. Liverpool John Moores University. 41 p. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:25573info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalO'GormanAileenO'Gorman, Aileen <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/O=27Gorman=3AAileen=3A=3A.html>323May 20161465-3370Chillin, buzzin, getting mangled, and coming down: Doing differentiated normalisation in risk environments.Drugs: Education Prevention and Policy247-254articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:25762info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25762/ Choices for equity and sustainability: securing solidarity and the common good. Healy, Sean Bourke, Sara Leahy, Ann Murphy, Eamon Murphy, Michelle Reynolds, Brigid Health care economics Social support Social equality and inequality Poverty Economic policy Ireland The Review provides both an analysis of the present and a basis for future economic and social policy. It outlines a vision for the future and provides viable pathways to deliver policies that can build a fair and just society. It is a comprehensive resource that should be of interest to policy makers and those who will be directly affected by policy decisions. Using a number of subject headings that will be familiar to past readers, the Socio Economic Review will assist in enabling evidence-based proposals be considered by those who will design our future policy and will ensure social justice is a part of the agenda to be set. 1. Introduction and summary of main proposals p.7 2. A guiding vision and a policy framework p.16 3. Income distribution p.37 4. Taxation p.75 5. Work, unemployment and job-creation p.106 6. Housing and accommodation p.121 7. Healthcare p.150 8. Education and educational disadvantage p.177 9. Other public services p.196 10. People and participation p.209 11. Sustainability p.225 12. Rural development p.250 13. The global south p.263 14. Values p.27 Social Justice Ireland 2016-04 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25762/1/Choices_for_Equity_and_Sustainability.pdf Healy, Sean <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Healy=3ASean=3A=3A.html> and Bourke, Sara <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Bourke=3ASara=3A=3A.html> and Leahy, Ann <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Leahy=3AAnn=3A=3A.html> and Murphy, Eamon <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Murphy=3AEamon=3A=3A.html> and Murphy, Michelle <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Murphy=3AMichelle=3A=3A.html> and Reynolds, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Reynolds=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html> (2016) Choices for equity and sustainability: securing solidarity and the common good. Dublin: Social Justice Ireland. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:26943info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26943/ Adolescents at risk. Psychosomatic health complaints, low life satisfaction, excessive sugar consumption and their relationship with cumulative risks. Walsh, Sophie D Bruckauf, Zlata Gaspar, Tania Coping skills Emotion State of health Mental health risk factors Health care economics Inclusion and exclusion Poverty Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Europe Adolescence is a time of transitions when experimentation, risk taking and active peer interactions can be viewed as a part of the development process. Yet, for some groups of young people with reported poor psychosomatic health, low life satisfaction or unhealthy eating habits these experiences may be different. Empirical evidence is limited in recognising the overlapping and cumulative risks of adolescents’ health disadvantage and multiple externalized risk behaviours and outcomes (smoking, drinking, binge drinking, regular fighting, injuries and bullying). Drawing on the most recent 2013/2014 data of the Health Behaviour of School Children (HBSC) study, this paper examines the risks of individual and cumulative risks (three or more types) associated with being in the bottom group of psychosomatic health complaints, life satisfaction and unhealthy eating (excessive sugar consumption) across 29 countres. Using multivariate logistic modelling, the association that was the strongest, most consistent and independent of family affluence (FAS) was that between cumulative risks and high levels of psychosomatic health complaints. Similarly consistent, although weaker, is the association found between adolescents’ low life satisfaction and unhealthy eating. Only in Greece and Hungary does the association between cumulative risks and life satisfaction seem to be mediated by family socio-economic status (SES). This is also the case for Denmark and Malta in the case of unhealthy eating. UNICEF Office of Research 2016-04 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26943/1/Adolescents%20at%20risk%20Psychosomatic%20health%20complaints%2C%20low%20life%20satisfaction.pdf Walsh, Sophie D <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Walsh=3ASophie_D=3A=3A.html> and Bruckauf, Zlata <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Bruckauf=3AZlata=3A=3A.html> and Gaspar, Tania <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Gaspar=3ATania=3A=3A.html> [UNICEF] . (2016) Adolescents at risk. Psychosomatic health complaints, low life satisfaction, excessive sugar consumption and their relationship with cumulative risks. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research. 38 p. Innocenti Working Paper No.2016-13 Innocenti Working Paper No.2016-13info:oai:generic.eprints.org:25392info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25392/ Fairness for children: a league table of inequality in child well-being in rich countries, Innocenti report card 13. risk factors Social support Social equality and inequality Poverty Child Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) International aspects This Report Card presents an overview of inequalities in child well-being in 41 countries of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It focuses on ‘bottom-end inequality’ – the gap between children at the bottom and those in the middle – and addresses the question ‘how far behind are children being allowed to fall?’ in income, education, health and life satisfaction. Across the OECD, he risks of poverty have been shifting from the elderly towards youth since the 1980s. These developments accentuate the need to monitor the well-being of the most disadvantaged children, but income inequality also has far-reaching consequences for society, harming educational attainment, key health outcomes and even economic growth. A concern with fairness and social justice requires us to consider whether some members of society are being left so far behind that it unfairly affects their lives both now and in the future. This Report Card asks the same underlying question as Report Card 9, which focused on inequality in child well-being, but uses the most recent data available and includes more countries. UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti 2016-04 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25392/1/UNICEF_Report_Card_13_eng.pdf UNICEF Office of Research. [UNICEF] (2016) Fairness for children: a league table of inequality in child well-being in rich countries, Innocenti report card 13. Florencd: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti. 52 p. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:25306info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25306/ Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people's health and well-being. Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use Alcohol consumption Cannabis / Marijuana Alcohol Tobacco (cigarette smoking) risk factors Financial (money) problems Inclusion and exclusion Social equality and inequality Social condition Poverty Child Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Gender differences Europe The report releases data from 42 countries on a range of new topics, such as peer relationships and family support, the school environment, migration, cyber-bullying and serious injury, with the more traditional data on alcohol and tobacco consumption, mental health and nutrition-related behaviour. The report provides data on gender differences and behaviour change in the 11–15-year age group, years that mark a period of increased autonomy that can influence how health and health-related behaviour develops and continues into adulthood. The report highlights socioeconomic differences and variations between countries and regions. It identifies opportunities for policy interventions, as the findings underline the importance of the wider social context and the effect it can have on young people's health. WHO Regional Office for Europe 2016-03 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25306/1/HBSC-2016-Executive-summary.pdf WHO Regional Office for Europe. [WHO] (2016) Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people's health and well-being. Copenhagan: WHO Regional Office for Europe. 294 p. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Life-stages/child-and-adolescent-health/health-behaviour-in-school-aged-children-hbscinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:26942info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26942/ Early-life exposure to income inequality and adolescent health and well-being: evidence from the health behaviour in school-aged children study. Elgar, Frank J Currie, Candace State of health Inclusion and exclusion Social condition Poverty Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Europe The health of children and adolescents in high income countries negatively relates to income inequality. Theoretical interpretations of this association suggest that inequality intensifies social hierarchies, erodes social or material resources that support health, or impacts socioemotional development in childhood and subsequently harms health. The evidence in support of this causal interpretation is limited by a reliance on cross-sectional, ecological studies. Using multilevel panel data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, this paper examines lagged and contemporaneous associations between national income inequality and health and well-being during adolescence. Health symptoms and life satisfaction were measured in successive surveys of 11- to 15-year-olds in Europe and North America between 1994 and 2014. These data were linked to country-level income inequality for each survey year (contemporaneous effects) and for earlier developmental periods, at 0-4 years and 5-9 years (lagged effects), dating back to 1979 – the birth year of 15-year-olds in the 1994 survey cycle. Societal growth curve modelling was used to pool data from successive survey cycles and to isolate age, period, and cohort effects. The results show evidence of lagged effects of income inequality during childhood (5-9 years) on health symptoms and life satisfaction in adolescents (11-15 years), after differences in concurrent income inequality and income per capita, cohort, time period, and individual gender, age, and affluence were held constant. This period of development for income inequality exposure coincides with the early school years when social relationships extend from the family to school and community settings. Inequality may shape child developmental trajectories in ways that later manifest in reduced health and well-being. Though not causal evidence in the strictest sense, these findings establish antecedent-consequence conditions in the association between income inequality and health. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. UNICEF Office of Research 2016 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26942/1/UNICEF_Early_life_exposure.pdf Elgar, Frank J <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Elgar=3AFrank_J=3A=3A.html> and Currie, Candace <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Currie=3ACandace=3A=3A.html> . (2016) Early-life exposure to income inequality and adolescent health and well-being: evidence from the health behaviour in school-aged children study. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research. 22 p. Innocenti working paper no.2016-07 Innocenti working paper no.2016-07info:oai:generic.eprints.org:27525info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27525/ Change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health (CHALICE): a comprehensive record-linked database study in Wales. Fone, David Morgan, Fiona D Fry, Richard Rodgers, Sarah Orford, Scott Farewell, Daniel Dunstan, Frank White, James Sivarajasingam, Vas Trefan, Laszlo Brennan, Iain Lee, Shin Shiode, Narushige Weightman, Alison Webster, Chris Lyons, Ronan Alcohol consumption Alcohol Alcohol dependence risk factors Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction Alcohol beverage sales outlet Availability, accessibility, and use Social availability or accessibility urban society Poverty Wales Study found that important alcohol-related harms such as consumption of alcohol, hospital admissions and violent crime against the person were associated with change in alcohol outlet density, but there was no strong evidence that associations between harms and outlet density varied with social deprivation. National Institute for Health Research 2016 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed Fone, David <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Fone=3ADavid=3A=3A.html> and Morgan, Fiona D <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Morgan=3AFiona_D=3A=3A.html> and Fry, Richard <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Fry=3ARichard=3A=3A.html> and Rodgers, Sarah <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Rodgers=3ASarah=3A=3A.html> and Orford, Scott <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Orford=3AScott=3A=3A.html> and Farewell, Daniel <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Farewell=3ADaniel=3A=3A.html> and Dunstan, Frank <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Dunstan=3AFrank=3A=3A.html> and White, James <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/White=3AJames=3A=3A.html> and Sivarajasingam, Vas <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Sivarajasingam=3AVas=3A=3A.html> and Trefan, Laszlo <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Trefan=3ALaszlo=3A=3A.html> and Brennan, Iain <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Brennan=3AIain=3A=3A.html> and Lee, Shin <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Lee=3AShin=3A=3A.html> and Shiode, Narushige <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Shiode=3ANarushige=3A=3A.html> and Weightman, Alison <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Weightman=3AAlison=3A=3A.html> and Webster, Chris <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Webster=3AChris=3A=3A.html> and Lyons, Ronan <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Lyons=3ARonan=3A=3A.html> [NIHR] . (2016) Change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health (CHALICE): a comprehensive record-linked database study in Wales. Southampton: National Institute for Health Research. Public Health Research, 4 (3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK350758/info:oai:generic.eprints.org:25577info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25577/ Outcomes: drug harms, policy harms, poverty and inequality. O'Gorman, Aileen Driscoll, Alan Moore, Kerri Roantree, Doireann Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use Cannabis / Marijuana Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) Cocaine Heroin New (novel) psychoactive substances Alcohol use Drug use risk factors Poverty Policy on drugs and alcohol Dublin Clondalkin Drug and Alcohol Task Force 2016 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/25577/1/CDATF%20Outcome%20Report%20v4.pdf O'Gorman, Aileen <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/O=27Gorman=3AAileen=3A=3A.html> and Driscoll, Alan <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Driscoll=3AAlan=3A=3A.html> and Moore, Kerri <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Moore=3AKerri=3A=3A.html> and Roantree, Doireann <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Roantree=3ADoireann=3A=3A.html> (2016) Outcomes: drug harms, policy harms, poverty and inequality. Dublin: Clondalkin Drug and Alcohol Task Force. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:24469info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalRaoRahulRao, Rahul <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Rao=3ARahul=3A=3A.html>SchofieldPeterSchofield, Peter <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Schofield=3APeter=3A=3A.html>AshworthMarkAshworth, Mark <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Ashworth=3AMark=3A=3A.html>85August 20152044-6055Alcohol use, socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity in older people.BMJ Opene007525articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:23553info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23553/ Ireland and the Europe 2020 strategy: employment, education and poverty. Inclusion and exclusion Social equality and inequality Poverty Economic policy Employment and unemployment Education and training Europe Ireland This report was compiled by Social Justice Ireland in light of the Europe 2020 Strategy and its high-level targets, and of Ireland’s National Reform Programme, which sets out Ireland’s response to achieving those targets. The report covers three of the five headline targets established in the Europe 2020 Strategy and addressed in the Irish National Reform Programme, namely, employment, education and ‘poverty and social exclusion’. In each of these areas the report identifies the Europe 2020 target and Ireland’s corresponding headline target, and then: • Analyses the current context; • Assesses progress (or otherwise) in achieving the Irish headline target; • Reviews recent policy decisions and assesses their contribution (or otherwise) to Ireland achieving its targets; • Identifies a number of issues relevant to the achievement of the targets; and • Makes recommendations on adjusting the targets that Government has set in particular areas. A partnership approach to the development of National Reform Programmes is envisaged in the Europe 2020 Strategy, involving a range of stakeholders, including those from civil society. The report, therefore, also addresses the issue of governance relating to the consultation process on the framing and development of the Irish National Reform Programme. Suggestions are made on how that process may be improved. This report has been prepared by Social Justice Ireland drawing on data available from the EU and from Ireland’s Central Statistics Office (CSO) as well as on on-going work Social Justice Ireland is doing on European and global issues. It also builds on our previous series of reports (from 2011 on) on this same topic. Our findings include that the policies being pursued by government are resulting in the further exclusion of people who already find themselves on the margins of society and pushing Ireland further away from reaching many of its national targets under the Europe 2020 Strategy. This is of major concern to Social Justice Ireland. It also runs counter to the aim of inclusive growth which is central to the Europe 2020 Strategy. Implicit in the approach taken in the Europe 2020 Strategy is that economic development, social development and environmental protection are complementary and interdependent – three sides of the same reality. Overall, current trends in Irish public policy are running counter to the promotion of ‘inclusive growth,’ which is one of the three key priorities which underlie the Europe 2020 Strategy. Inclusive growth is not just about fostering a high-employment economy, it also aims to deliver social cohesion – it is integral to the Europe 2020 strategy and needs to be integral to the response of the Irish Government. Social Justice Ireland 2015-01 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23553/1/Irelandandeu2020strategy%20reviewfinal.pdf Social Justice Ireland. (2015) Ireland and the Europe 2020 strategy: employment, education and poverty. Dublin: Social Justice Ireland. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:23037info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23037/ Dynamics of child economic vulnerability and socio-emotional development: an analysis of the first two waves of the growing up in Ireland study. Watson, Dorothy Maitre, Bertrand Whelan, Christopher T Williams, James risk factors Family background Inclusion and exclusion Poverty Child Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Ireland This research report draws on the longitudinal Growing Up in Ireland study to examine change over time in the economic vulnerability of families and its consequences for the socio-emotional development of children. Economic vulnerability refers to an increased risk of multidimensional material disadvantage, involving a distinctive profile in relation to low income, household joblessness and economic stress. Socio-emotional development is measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). As well as examining the risk factors for economic vulnerability and socio-emotional problems, the report examines the factors associated with improved outcomes for children, enhancing their resilience. The report addresses the following research questions: 1. How did the economic vulnerability of families change as Ireland moved from boom to recession? 2. Which families are most at risk of economic vulnerability? Does this differ between the ’98 Cohort and the ’08 Cohort? 3. What is the relationship between family economic vulnerability and the child’s socio-emotional well-being? Does the relationship differ depending on whether the economic vulnerability is persistent or transient? 4. Are there factors which appear to protect children from the impact of economic vulnerability on socio-emotional development? Department of Children and Youth Affairs 2014-11 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23037/1/GUI_Econ_Vulnerability_Webready_report.pdf Watson, Dorothy <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Watson=3ADorothy=3A=3A.html> and Maitre, Bertrand <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Maitre=3ABertrand=3A=3A.html> and Whelan, Christopher T <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Whelan=3AChristopher_T=3A=3A.html> and Williams, James <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Williams=3AJames=3A=3A.html> (2014) Dynamics of child economic vulnerability and socio-emotional development: an analysis of the first two waves of the growing up in Ireland study. Dublin: Department of Children and Youth Affairs. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:22921info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalCurtinMargaretCurtin, Margaret <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Curtin=3AMargaret=3A=3A.html>Issue 51, Autumn 2014October 2014Youth mental health and substance misuse disorders in deprived urban areas.Drugnet Ireland21articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:22385info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalDas-MunshiJayatiDas-Munshi, Jayati <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Das-Munshi=3AJayati=3A=3A.html>LeaveyGerardLeavey, Gerard <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Leavey=3AGerard=3A=3A.html>StansfeldStephen AStansfeld, Stephen A <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Stansfeld=3AStephen_A=3A=3A.html>PrinceMartin JPrince, Martin J <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Prince=3AMartin_J=3A=3A.html>424August 20141464-360XDoes social disadvantage over the life-course account for alcohol and tobacco use in Irish people? Birth cohort study.European Journal of Public Health594-599articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:22579info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22579/ Reducing poverty in the UK: a collection of evidence reviews. Poverty United Kingdom JRF is developing the first comprehensive, evidence-based strategy to reduce poverty for all age groups and each UK nation. To help build the evidence, we commissioned researchers to carry out reviews of existing policy and research on a wide range of social issues that are related to poverty. The 33 studies in this collection are the findings of those reviews, and there are links to more detailed reports by the research teams. CONTENTS • Foreword 06 • Demographic change and poverty 08 • Devolution and poverty 12 • Gender and poverty 17 • International anti-poverty strategies 22 • Regeneration and poverty 27 • Religion and poverty 33 • Sexual orientation and poverty 37 • Well-being and poverty 41 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2014-08 Evidence resource NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22579/1/Reducing-poverty-reviews%20JRF.pdf Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (2014) Reducing poverty in the UK: a collection of evidence reviews. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 177 p. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:21773info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21773/ Better outcomes brighter futures. The national policy framework for children & young people 2014 - 2020. Alcohol use Drug use Prevention approach Early intervention (young children) Poverty Child Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Young adult Ireland Stationery Office 2014-04 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21773/1/BetterOutcomesBetterFutureReport.pdf application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21773/7/Progressreport.pdf Department of Children and Youth Affairs. (2014) Better outcomes brighter futures. The national policy framework for children & young people 2014 - 2020. Dublin: Stationery Office. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:22859info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22859/ Children of the recession. The impact of the economic crisis on child well-being in rich countries. Fanjul, Gonzalo Poverty Economic policy Child Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) The data and observations in this Innocenti Report Card reveal a strong and multifaceted relationship between the impact of the Great Recession on national economies and a decline in children’s well-being since 2008. Children are suffering most, and will bear the consequences longest, in countries where the recession has hit hardest. For each country, the extent and character of the crisis’s impact on children has been shaped by the depth of the recession, pre-existing economic conditions, the strength of the social safety net and, most importantly, policy responses. Remarkably, amid this unprecedented social crisis, many countries have managed to limit – or even reduce – child poverty. It was by no means inevitable, then, that children would be the most enduring victims of the recession. UNICEF Office of Research 2014 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/22859/1/unicef%20report%20card%202014.pdf UNICEF Office of Research. Fanjul, Gonzalo <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Fanjul=3AGonzalo=3A=3A.html> (2014) Children of the recession. The impact of the economic crisis on child well-being in rich countries. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research. Innocenti report card 12info:oai:generic.eprints.org:21241info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalTer BogtTom F MTer Bogt, Tom F M <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Ter_Bogt=3ATom_F_M=3A=3A.html>de LoozeMargreetde Looze, Margreet <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/de_Looze=3AMargreet=3A=3A.html>MolchoMichalMolcho, Michal <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Molcho=3AMichal=3A=3A.html>GodeauEmmanuelleGodeau, Emmanuelle <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Godeau=3AEmmanuelle=3A=3A.html>HubletAnneHublet, Anne <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Hublet=3AAnne=3A=3A.html>KokkeviAnnaKokkevi, Anna <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Kokkevi=3AAnna=3A=3A.html>KuntscheEmmanuelKuntsche, Emmanuel <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Kuntsche=3AEmmanuel=3A=3A.html>Nic GabhainnSaoirseNic Gabhainn, Saoirse <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Nic_Gabhainn=3ASaoirse=3A=3A.html>FranelicIva PejnovicFranelic, Iva Pejnovic <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Franelic=3AIva_Pejnovic=3A=3A.html>Simons-MortonBruceSimons-Morton, Bruce <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Simons-Morton=3ABruce=3A=3A.html>SznitmanSharonSznitman, Sharon <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Sznitman=3ASharon=3A=3A.html>VienoAlessioVieno, Alessio <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Vieno=3AAlessio=3A=3A.html>VolleberghWVollebergh, W <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Vollebergh=3AW=3A=3A.html>PickettWilliamPickett, William <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Pickett=3AWilliam=3A=3A.html>210920141360-0443Do societal wealth, family affluence and gender account for trends in adolescent cannabis use? A 30 country cross-national study.Addiction273-283articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:20999info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20999/ Who really took the hits during Ireland’s Bailout? Ireland Inclusion and exclusion Poverty Economic policy Ireland’s poorest 10% lost 18.4% of their real disposable income since the start of the crash in 2008. By contrast the richest 10% lost 11.4%. This is just one of the statistics which show that low and middle-income Ireland have borne the major brunt of adjustments over the past five years according to the most recent analysis from Social Justice Ireland entitled 'Who really took the hits during Ireland's Bailout?' The situation would be even worse if cuts in services and increased charges were included in calculations. The analysis also shows that • The gap between low and middle-income Ireland on the one hand and the rich on the other hand has widened dramatically. • Budgets introduced under the tutelage of the Troika (2011-2014) were regressive, taking more as a percentage of income from those who have least. The real impact was even more regressive because this calculation does not include the impacts of reductions in services and increased charges introduced in these years, which impact disproportionately on the most vulnerable. • The richest 20% of the population were the only ones whose share of the total disposable income grew significantly in this period. This confirms the widening gap between low and middle-income Ireland on the one hand and the richest 20% on the other. Social Justice Ireland 2013-11 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20999/1/Who_really_took_the_hits_during_Irelands_Bailout.pdf Social Justice Ireland. (2013) Who really took the hits during Ireland’s Bailout? Dublin: Social Justice Ireland. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:20243info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20243/ Family wellbeing on a limited income: a study of families living at risk of poverty in Ireland. Swords, Lorraine Merriman, Brian O’Donnell, Michelle Financial (money) problems Family role Ireland Family support Poverty Family background The patterns of economic and structural change affecting family life in recent years mean that there is much to be learned about the wellbeing of families in Ireland today. To this end, Growing Up in Ireland, the National Longitudinal Study of Children, has made an important contribution to Irish and international research by providing a rich source of data relevant to the study of the wellbeing of parents, children, and the relationships they share. The present study is concerned with quantitative data collected during the first phase of Growing Up in Ireland between September 2007 and June 2008 with 8,568 nine-year-olds and their families. The specific sample focused on in this report are families drawn from this dataset whose household income categorises them as being at risk of poverty. Households are considered to be at risk of poverty when their equivalised disposable income is below a particular threshold. In Ireland, and indeed the European Union, this threshold has been set at 60% of the median income. Evidence from the Irish and international research literature suggests that such economic hardship can cast large shadows across many aspects of family members’ lives and have a negative impact upon family wellbeing (e.g. Daly & Leonard, 2002; McKeown, Pratschke, & Haase, 2003; Sell, Zlotnik, Noonan, & Rubin, 2010). Family wellbeing is conceptualised here as comprising the dimensions of parent wellbeing, child wellbeing and positive family relationships. The influences on the wellbeing of the individuals within the family and the relationships they share can be numerous, interrelated and reciprocal. The purpose of this report is to mine data from Growing Up in Ireland in order to describe the wellbeing of Irish families living on limited incomes and to shed light on the factors associated with the various aspects of their wellbeing. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following two research questions: Research Question One: How are families identified as living on very limited incomes faring in comparison with families with higher incomes across a range of indicators of family wellbeing? Research Question Two: Among families living on limited incomes, what are the key factors associated with their wellbeing? From an evidence base of research and insights into the factors that most contribute to the wellbeing of children, their parents, and family relationships, priorities for limited resources can be identified so that families needing assistance can most benefit from responsive policies and service provision. Key study findings Characteristics of Families Living at Risk of Poverty. Examination of the characteristics of families living at risk of poverty indicated that: • Over a third of families were headed by single-parents and the vast majority of these lone parents were mothers. Almost two thirds of families had three or more children. • The majority of mothers and fathers had not continued education past lower secondary school level. For both parents, the odds of being at risk of poverty decreased as their level of educational attainment increased. • The socio-economic status of one third of families could not be classified as no parent in the household had ever been in employment. For the remaining families, the majority were represented in the manual labour categories and the minority in the managerial, technical or professional categories. • Almost forty per cent of families reported that they did not receive any Social Welfare payments in addition to Child Benefit. One third of families relied on various Social Welfare payments for all of their households’ income and, at the other end of the scale, almost one quarter received payments that amounted to less than 5% of their household’s total income. • Over a quarter of families at risk of poverty did not have any medical card. Family Support Agency 2013-07 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20243/1/Family_Wellbeing.pdf Swords, Lorraine <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Swords=3ALorraine=3A=3A.html> and Merriman, Brian <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Merriman=3ABrian=3A=3A.html> and O’Donnell, Michelle <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/O==2019Donnell=3AMichelle=3A=3A.html> (2013) Family wellbeing on a limited income: a study of families living at risk of poverty in Ireland. Dublin: Family Support Agency. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:6092info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/6092/ Estimates of household income by county and region, statistical indicator and year. Ireland Social equality and inequality Population dynamics Poverty CSO statistical tables - you can choose to examine household income data by state, region and by year. Central Statistics Office 2013 Report NonPeerReviewed Central Statistics Office. (2013) Estimates of household income by county and region, statistical indicator and year. Dublin: Central Statistics Office. http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=CIA01info:oai:generic.eprints.org:19640info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19640/ What would real recovery look like? Securing economic development, social equity and sustainability. Healy, Sean Larragy, Adam Leahy, Ann Mallon, Sandra Murphy, Michelle Reynolds, Brigid Ireland Social equality and inequality Poverty Economic policy Government and politics Employment and unemployment This Review argues that Ireland needs to recognise the essentially complementary nature of economic and social development - two sides of the one reality. Economic development is essential to provide the resources necessary for social development. But social development, in turn, is essential because there can be no lasting economic development of any substance without the provision of social services and infrastructure. All one has to do is reflect on the importance of a good education system for the development of a ‘hi-tech, hi-spec, smart’ economy. At the same time we argue that both economic development and social development must be sustainable if it is to be of lasting value. All development must be sustainable economically, socially and environmentally. Otherwise it should not be accepted as development. Recognising the importance of sustainability presents new challenges which must be addressed, not ignored, in the rush to address the urgent rather than the important. Social Justice Ireland 2013 Report NonPeerReviewed text/html en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19640/1/WhatWouldRecoveryLookLike.pdf application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19640/2/WhatWouldRecoveryLookLike.pdf Social Justice Ireland. Healy, Sean <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Healy=3ASean=3A=3A.html> and Larragy, Adam <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Larragy=3AAdam=3A=3A.html> and Leahy, Ann <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Leahy=3AAnn=3A=3A.html> and Mallon, Sandra <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Mallon=3ASandra=3A=3A.html> and Murphy, Michelle <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Murphy=3AMichelle=3A=3A.html> and Reynolds, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Reynolds=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html> (2013) What would real recovery look like? Securing economic development, social equity and sustainability. Dublin: Social Justice Ireland. http://www.socialjustice.ie/sites/default/files/file/SER/2013--04-02%20-%20Socio%20Economic%20Review%202013%20-%20FULL%20BOOK%20-%20FINAL.pdfinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:19313info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19313/ The impact of the European Crisis. A study of the impact of the crisis and austerity on people, with a special focus on Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Leahy, Ann Healy, Sean Murphy, Michelle Spain Ireland Portugal Inclusion and exclusion Poverty Italy Economic policy Greece Caritas Europa 2013 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19313/1/caritascrisis-report.pdf Leahy, Ann <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Leahy=3AAnn=3A=3A.html> and Healy, Sean <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Healy=3ASean=3A=3A.html> and Murphy, Michelle <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Murphy=3AMichelle=3A=3A.html> (2013) The impact of the European Crisis. A study of the impact of the crisis and austerity on people, with a special focus on Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Caritas Europa. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:18206info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalWelbellMartaWelbell, Marta <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Welbell=3AMarta=3A=3A.html>MatanovAleksandraMatanov, Aleksandra <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Matanov=3AAleksandra=3A=3A.html>MoskalewiczJacekMoskalewicz, Jacek <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Moskalewicz=3AJacek=3A=3A.html>BarrosHenriqueBarros, Henrique <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Barros=3AHenrique=3A=3A.html>CanavanReamonnCanavan, Reamonn <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Canavan=3AReamonn=3A=3A.html>GaborEdinaGabor, Edina <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Gabor=3AEdina=3A=3A.html>GaddiniAndreaGaddini, Andrea <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Gaddini=3AAndrea=3A=3A.html>GreacenTimGreacen, Tim <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Greacen=3ATim=3A=3A.html>KlugeUlrikeKluge, Ulrike <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Kluge=3AUlrike=3A=3A.html>LorantVincentLorant, Vincent <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Lorant=3AVincent=3A=3A.html>Esteban PeñaMercedesEsteban Peña, Mercedes <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Esteban_Pe=F1a=3AMercedes=3A=3A.html>ScheneAart HSchene, Aart H <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Schene=3AAart_H=3A=3A.html>SoaresJoaquim JFSoares, Joaquim JF <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Soares=3AJoaquim_JF=3A=3A.html>StraßmayrChristaStraßmayr, Christa <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Stra=DFmayr=3AChrista=3A=3A.html>VondráčkováPetraVondráčková, Petra <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Vondr=E1==010Dkov=E1=3APetra=3A=3A.html>PriebeStefanPriebe, Stefan <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Priebe=3AStefan=3A=3A.html>1202013Addiction treatment in deprived urban areas in EU countries: Accessibility of care for people from socially marginalized groups.Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy74-83articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:18463info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalLyonsSuziLyons, Suzi <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Lyons=3ASuzi=3A=3A.html>CondronItaCondron, Ita <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Condron=3AIta=3A=3A.html>ConnollyJohnnyConnolly, Johnny <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Connolly=3AJohnny=3A=3A.html>PikeBrigidPike, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Pike=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html>Issue 43, Autumn 2012October 2012Drugnet digest.Drugnet Ireland14-15articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:18336info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18336/ Survey on income and living conditions (SILC). Thematic report on children 2004-2010. Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) Social equality and inequality Ireland Inclusion and exclusion Lifestyle Poverty Housing Child Annual SILC data has previously been published from 2004 to 2010 on income, poverty and deprivation rates. Further analysis of this data has now been carried out to specifically look at the circumstances of children, those aged less than 18 years. In the majority of tables, the analysis is presented for all persons living in households with children, compared with persons living in households without children. Some tables in this report also compare age groups of the overall population. Also contained in this publication is a further breakdown of income, which details child-related social transfers separately. Summary of main findings • In 2010, the average income (ie equivalised gross weekly disposable income) of individuals living in households with children was €482.83, down 8.8% on the 2009 figure of €529.20. This compares with an income for those living in households without children of €575.15 in 2010, down 2.1% on the 2009 figure of €587.32. See table 1b. • In 2010 the at risk of poverty rate for those living in households with children was 18.7% compared with the rate of 11.8% for those in households without children. A similar pattern is evident between these two household types across all years. See table 2a. • Excluding family allowances from the analysis for 2010 would increase the at risk of poverty rate for persons living in households with children from 18.7% to 38.6%. This shows the effect that such family related social transfers had in shielding individuals from poverty in households with children. See table 2a. • Among children, the highest at risk of poverty rate in all years occured in the 12-17 age band. This rate was 26.1% in 2010 compared with a rate of 19.2% for 6-11 year olds and a rate of 12.0% for children in the 0-5 year old band. See table 2b. • The level of enforced deprivation (lacking two or more basic items) for individuals living in households with children was 28.2% in 2010 compared with a level of 14.6% for those living in households without children. See table 3a. • In all years the rate of consistent poverty was higher for individuals living in households with children than for those living in households without children (8.0% compared with 3.8% respectively in 2010). See table 4a. Stationery Office 2012-09 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18336/1/CSO_children_0410.pdf Central Statistics Office. (2012) Survey on income and living conditions (SILC). Thematic report on children 2004-2010. Dublin: Stationery Office. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:17687info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalKeaneMartinKeane, Martin <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Keane=3AMartin=3A=3A.html>Issue 42, Summer 2012June 2012Findings from a study of homeless women in Ireland.Drugnet Ireland10-11articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:17689info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalKeaneMartinKeane, Martin <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Keane=3AMartin=3A=3A.html>Issue 42, Summer 2012June 2012Understanding youth homelessness.Drugnet Ireland12-13articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:17458info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17458/ Understanding childhood deprivation in Ireland. Watson, Dorothy Maitre, Bertrand Whelan, Christopher T Inclusion and exclusion Ireland Family support Poverty Child In Ireland, as in many European countries, the rate of poverty and deprivation is higher for children than it is for adults. This is important, not only because of a concern with the well-being of children but also because childhood deprivation can have long-term negative consequences that persist into adulthood. This report examines childhood deprivation in Ireland in 2009 in the context of this concern for the current well-being of children and their future prospects. The goal of this report is to address five questions: 1. How much child-specific deprivation is there in Ireland and what form does it take? 2. What are the main risk factors for child-specific deprivation? 3. How well do the national measures of basic deprivation and consistent poverty identify children who are deprived? 4. How do the risk factors for child-specific deprivation differ from the risk factors for basic household-level deprivation? 5. What are the implications for policy? Department of Social Protection and The Economic and Social Research Institute 2012-04 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17458/1/ESRI_Childhood_deprivation_BKMNEXT215.pdf Watson, Dorothy <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Watson=3ADorothy=3A=3A.html> and Maitre, Bertrand <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Maitre=3ABertrand=3A=3A.html> and Whelan, Christopher T <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Whelan=3AChristopher_T=3A=3A.html> (2012) Understanding childhood deprivation in Ireland. Dublin: Department of Social Protection and The Economic and Social Research Institute. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:18204info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18204/ IMO position paper on health inequalities. State of health Waiting time Social equality and inequality Ireland Minority group (racial group, immigrant, Traveller) Public health Poverty Health information and education Health care delivery IMO President, Dr. Ronan Boland said; “Factors such as poverty, inequality, social exclusion, employment, income, education, housing conditions, transport access to health care, lifestyle stress all impact significantly on an individual’s health and wellbeing. “Evidence shows that lower socio-economic groups have relatively high mortality rates, higher levels of ill health and fewer resources to adopt healthier lifestyles when compared to better off sections of society.” He said; “Life expectancy at birth for male professionals is 6.1 years higher and 5 years higher for female professionals than their unskilled counterparts.” Dr. Boland said; “The Institute of Public Health in Ireland also estimates that, as a result of Ireland’s ageing population, by 2020 the number of people living with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and stroke will rise by almost 50% (49.4% and 47.8% respectively) while the number of people with diabetes is likely to rise by 62% due principally to a marked increase in maturity-onset diabetes, the primary risk factor for this condition being obesity which is more prevalent among poorer socio-economic groups.” In addition further research found children, particularly girls, from less socio-economically advantaged households were more likely to be overweight. The research shows that 19% of boys and 18% of girls from professional households are overweight or obese. This increases to 29% of boys and 38% of girls from semi-and unskilled social-class households. Dr. Boland added; “International research examined found that countries with the greatest income inequality are most likely to have higher levels of health and social problems. While countries such as Sweden, Denmark and Finland with high levels of social protection and comprehensive social safety nets, have lower income inequality and thus lower levels of health and social problems. Policies are therefore needed that address the unequal distribution of wealth.” The IMO have outlined a number of recommendations in it position paper including the establishment of a Minister for Public Health with direct responsibility for overseeing the delivery and implementation of Public Health Policy and tasked with ensuring that public policy is health proofed across all Government departments. They are also calling for an explicit statement from Government that health is a basic human right and its protection should be a core aim of Government and the State. “Improving the health of all our citizens, particularly the poorest and most deprived, will reap long-term dividends by ensuring a healthier population, and more productive workforce, who will have less need for expensive health interventions and social economic supports, said Dr. Boland. Irish Medical Organisation 2012-03 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18204/1/IMO_Health-Inequalities-Paper.pdf Irish Medical Organisation. (2012) IMO position paper on health inequalities. Dublin: Irish Medical Organisation. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:16961info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16961/ The vicious circle of social exclusion and crime: Ireland’s disproportionate punishment of the poor. Prison Ireland Inclusion and exclusion Offender Poverty Criminal penalty Prison Inmate (prisoner) This Position Paper has endeavoured to paint a clear picture of the interwoven nature of social exclusion and crime by drawing attention to the social profile of prisoners; the criminal law’s targeting of marginalised groups; the uneven application of the law to different socio-economic groups; the causes of crime; issues of reintegration and poverty following imprisonment and the urgent need to shift the focus of public policy to investment in crime prevention and early intervention instead of wasting its energy and resources on punitive criminal justice policies. Irish Penal Reform Trust 2012-02 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16961/1/IPRT_Position_Paper.pdf Irish Penal Reform Trust. (2012) The vicious circle of social exclusion and crime: Ireland’s disproportionate punishment of the poor. Dublin: Irish Penal Reform Trust. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:18723info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalPinto-MezaAlejandraPinto-Meza, Alejandra <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Pinto-Meza=3AAlejandra=3A=3A.html>MonetaMaria VictoriaMoneta, Maria Victoria <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Moneta=3AMaria_Victoria=3A=3A.html>AlonsoJordiAlonso, Jordi <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Alonso=3AJordi=3A=3A.html>AngermeyerMatthias CAngermeyer, Matthias C <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Angermeyer=3AMatthias_C=3A=3A.html>BruffaertsRonnyBruffaerts, Ronny <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Bruffaerts=3ARonny=3A=3A.html>Caldas-de-AlmeidaJosé MiguelCaldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Caldas-de-Almeida=3AJos=E9_Miguel=3A=3A.html>de GirolamoGiovannide Girolamo, Giovanni <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/de_Girolamo=3AGiovanni=3A=3A.html>de GraafRonde Graaf, Ron <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/de_Graaf=3ARon=3A=3A.html>FlorescuSilviaFlorescu, Silvia <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Florescu=3ASilvia=3A=3A.html>Kovess-MasfetyVivianeKovess-Masfety, Viviane <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Kovess-Masfety=3AViviane=3A=3A.html>O'NeillSiobhanO'Neill, Siobhan <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/O=27Neill=3ASiobhan=3A=3A.html>VassilevSvetlozarVassilev, Svetlozar <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Vassilev=3ASvetlozar=3A=3A.html>HaroJosep MariaHaro, Josep Maria <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Haro=3AJosep_Maria=3A=3A.html>24820121433-9285Social inequalities in mental health: results from the EU contribution to the World Mental Health Surveys Initiative.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology173-181articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:14830info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14830/ Social networks: their role in addressing poverty. Afridi, Asif Social support Interpersonal interaction and group dynamics United Kingdom Poverty Community action 'Social networks' – the ties between individuals or groups – are receiving more attention in public policy discourse as people are encouraged to help each other at a time of austerity and the Coalition Government's emerging 'Big Society' ideas. Evidence and ideas are needed to ensure that strategies intended to do more with fewer public resources do not have a negative effect on the most vulnerable. This paper by brap (formerly Birmingham Race Action Partnership): • explains what social networks are, and their benefits; • explores how social networks can help address poverty and be made more accessible; and • discusses the impacts of government spending cuts on social networks. Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2011 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14830/1/JRF_poverty-social-networks-full.pdf Afridi, Asif <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Afridi=3AAsif=3A=3A.html> (2011) Social networks: their role in addressing poverty. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/social-networks-their-role-addressing-poverty?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=New%2BJRF%2Bpublication%2B%2B16%2BMarch&utm_content=New%2BJRF%2Bpublication%2B%2B16%2BMarch%2BCID_a75a1ded5964c88057bf306e948df0c8&utm_source=Eminfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:14503info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalConnollySheelahConnolly, Sheelah <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Connolly=3ASheelah=3A=3A.html>O'ReillyDermotO'Reilly, Dermot <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/O=27Reilly=3ADermot=3A=3A.html>RosatoMichaelRosato, Michael <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Rosato=3AMichael=3A=3A.html>CardwellChrisCardwell, Chris <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Cardwell=3AChris=3A=3A.html>110620111360-0443Area of residence and alcohol-related mortality risk: a five-year follow-up study.Addiction84-92articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:15850info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15850/ National reform programme for Ireland under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Policy Ireland Programme planning (strategy) Poverty Government and politics Contents: Macro economic scenario Macro economic surveillance Thematic co-ordination • Target 1 – employment • Target 2 – research and development • Target 3 – climate change • Target 4 – education • Target 5 – poverty Horizontal and methodological issues Department of the Taoiseach 2011 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15850/1/National_Reform_Programme_under_Europe_2020.pdf application/msword en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15850/2/NRP_2012_Update.doc Ireland. Department of the Taoiseach. (2011) National reform programme for Ireland under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Dublin: Department of the Taoiseach. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:15640info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalPikeBrigidPike, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Pike=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html>Issue 38, Summer 20112011Human rights and extreme poverty in Ireland.Drugnet Ireland10articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:14694info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalPikeBrigidPike, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Pike=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html>Issue 36, Winter 20102011National poverty indicators.Drugnet Ireland10articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:15970info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15970/ Does income inequality cause health and social problems? Rowlingson, Karen Inclusion and exclusion Health care economics risk factors Economic policy State of health Social equality and inequality United Kingdom Public health Poverty Key points • The literature shows general agreement about a correlation between income inequality and health/social problems. • There is less agreement about whether income inequality causes health and social problems independently of other factors, but some rigorous studies have found evidence of this. • The independent effect of income inequality on health/social problems shown in some studies looks small in statistical terms. But these studies cover whole populations, and hence a significant number of lives. • Some research suggests that inequality is particularly harmful beyond a certain threshold. Britain was below this threshold in the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s, but rose past it in 1986–7 and has settled well above it since 1998–9. If the threshold is significant it could provide a target for policy. • Anxiety about status might explain income inequality’s effect on health and social problems. If so, inequality is harmful because it places people in a hierarchy which increases competition for status, causing stress and leading to poor health and other negative outcomes. • Not all research shows an independent effect of income inequality on health/social problems. Some highlights the role of individual income (poverty/material circumstances), culture/history, ethnicity and welfare state institutions/social policies. • The author concludes that there is a strong case for further research on income inequality and discussion of the policy implications. Background The UK witnessed a dramatic growth in income inequality in the 1980s, and since then the level of inequality has increased further, though at a slower rate (National Equality Panel, 2010, An Anatomy of Economic Inequality in the UK). But should we be concerned about this? Wilkinson and Pickett's The Spirit Level (2009) argued strongly that it should indeed be a matter of concern, and has placed income inequality firmly within public debate. This study provides an independent review of the research in this field, paying particular attention to the evidence and arguments put forward in The Spirit Level. That book presented a 'big idea' in social science, using data on a wide range of countries and a wide range of variables. It is perhaps not surprising, therefore, that it attracted criticism. This study considers the points made in various critiques, alongside the broader peer-reviewed literature in this field. It is not intended to be the final word on this debate, not least because new research findings are frequently published. It is intended, instead, to contribute to the ongoing debate on this important topic. Correlations between income inequality and health and social problems Evidence from a range of studies suggests that there is a correlation between income inequality and health and social problems. For example, Table 1 shows the strength of relationships between income inequality in rich countries and various health and social problems, drawing on data from the United Nations (UN) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Table 1 (see PDF document) shows correlation coefficients for the relationships, ranging from −1 to 1. A value of 1 implies a direct linear relationship between two variables, with all data points lying on a line for which the value of one variable increases directly as the other variable increases (for example, as inequality increases so does social immobility). In a similar way, a value of −1 implies that the value of one variable decreases directly as the other increases (for example, as inequality increases, trust declines). A value of 0 implies that there is no linear correlation between the two variables. Correlation levels above 0.5 (or below -0.5) suggest a strong relationship in social science analysis. The correlation coefficients shown in Table 1 using UN data thus show high correlation levels between income inequality and social immobility, teenage births, imprisonment, low trust, mental illness and obesity. Other health and social problems fall below the 0.5 (or -0.5) threshold, but only just; these are homicides, educational performance, life expectancy and infant mortality. Some recent high-profile critiques of The Spirit Level have, in particular, queried its correlation analysis (Saunders, 2010; Snowdon, 2010), but the consensus in the broader academic literature is that a correlation does exist between income inequality and health and social problems. This literature has moved on to discuss whether or not there is a causal relationship (see below). However, the strength of the correlations between income inequality and health and social problems is sensitive to factors such as: different measures of income inequality; different measures of social stratification; variations in the countries selected; and other factors. Therefore, some further 'sensitivity' analysis would be helpful, even though the general conclusion about the existence of a correlation between income inequality and health and social problems is widely accepted. Causal relationships More recent studies have moved away from simple correlation analysis to investigate whether income inequality causes such problems, independent of other factors. The literature is less agreed about whether or not there is a causal relationship, but some rigorous studies indicate that income inequality has an independent effect on health and social problems. In studies which show that income inequality has a negative effect on health and social problems, the size of this effect looks small in statistical terms. However, since these studies cover whole populations, the numbers of lives involved are significant. One study, for example, suggested that the loss of life from income inequality in the US in 1990 was the equivalent of the combined loss of life due to lung cancer, diabetes, motor vehicle accidents, HIV infection, suicide and homicide (Lynch, J., et al., 1998, 'Income inequality and mortality in metropolitan areas of the United States', American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88, pp. 1074–1080). Some research suggests that income inequality is particularly harmful after it reaches a certain threshold. Britain was below this threshold in the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s, but rose past it in 1986–7 and has settled well above that threshold since 1998–9. If this threshold is indeed significant it could provide a target for policy. The most plausible explanation for the apparent effect of income inequality on health and social problems seems to be people’s anxiety about their status (The Spirit Level, Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, 2009). This suggests that income inequality is harmful because it places people in a hierarchy which increases competition for status and causes stress, leading to poor health and other negative outcomes. Further theorising about 'status anxiety' would be helpful, to consider how it works in practice given that people compare themselves to different groups in different situations, their knowledge (or lack of it) about social stratification and the complex nature of status and self-esteem. However, not all research studies have shown an independent effect of income inequality on health and social problems. Some have highlighted the causal effect of other factors, such as individual income (poverty/material circumstances), culture/history, ethnicity and welfare state institutions/social policies. Once again, the theorising behind these relationships could be further advanced and further empirical research carried out to test competing hypotheses. Effects of income inequality A key issue is whether inequality affects all groups in society to the same extent, or some groups more than others. Some research comparing different groups in different countries suggests that people in lower socio-economic groups in more equal countries do better than those in lower socio-economic groups in more unequal countries. They may even sometimes do better than people in higher socio-economic groups in more unequal countries. Further studies on this topic would be welcome. This study focuses on the health and social effects of income inequality, but there may also be economic effects (positive or negative). It is outside the scope of this review to assess in more detail the arguments about the relationship between economic inequality, productivity, growth and financial stability. However, there appears to be remarkably little evidence that income inequality promotes economic growth, so it is difficult to find any positive effects of income inequality. Debate about the financial crash is contentious and continues, but a number of commentators suggest that high levels of economic inequality played a role in the crash in some way. This is a highly complex issue, both theoretically and methodologically, with disagreement among academics on many related areas. But the main conclusion of this study is that there is some evidence that income inequality has negative effects, and hardly any evidence of positive effects. Conclusion and policy implications The main aim of this study was to review the evidence concerning the impact of income inequality on health and social problems. It also considered a range of policy implications. Given that the study’s main conclusion is that both individual income (in terms of poverty/material circumstances) and income inequality (relative income) make a difference to health and social problems, it seems clear that both issues need to be tackled. A range of policy mechanisms could be used to do this, ranging from redistribution through the tax and benefit system to innovative income and wealth policies, stronger public services and a greater focus on equal opportunities. Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2011 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15970/1/iJRF_nequality-income-social-problems.pdf application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15970/2/iJRF_nequality-income-social-problems-summary.pdf Rowlingson, Karen <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Rowlingson=3AKaren=3A=3A.html> (2011) Does income inequality cause health and social problems? London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:15136info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15136/ Report of the independent expert on the question of human rights and extreme poverty in Ireland Sepúlveda Carmona, Magdalena Financial (money) problems Problem drugs and alcohol use Ireland Social equality and inequality Poverty Page 9 34. A number of recent measures are concerning in this respect, especially reductions in child benefits and benefits for job seekers, carers, single parent families, persons with disabilities and blind persons. The impact of these measures will be exacerbated by funding reductions for a number of social services which are essential for the same vulnerable people, including disability, community and voluntary services, Travellers supports, drug outreach initiatives, rural development schemes, the Revitalising Areas by Planning, Investment and Development (RAPID) programme and Youthreach. 35. By adopting these measures, Ireland runs a high risk of excluding those most in need of support and ignoring the needs of the most vulnerable. In particular, due to multiple forms of entrenched discrimination, women are especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of reductions in social services and benefits. The independent expert notes the commitment in the PGNR to refrain from further reducing social protection benefits,26 but urges the State to take immediate steps to put in place protections to ensure that the situation of the most excluded and disadvantaged groups do not deteriorate further as a result of these measures. United Nation Human Rights Council 2011 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15136/1/A-HRC-17-34-Add-2-EN1.pdf Sepúlveda Carmona, Magdalena <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Sep=FAlveda_Carmona=3AMagdalena=3A=3A.html> (2011) Report of the independent expert on the question of human rights and extreme poverty in Ireland. Geneva: United Nation Human Rights Council. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:14338info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14338/ The children left behind: a league table of inequality in child well-being in the world's rich countries. Adamson, Peter Social equality and inequality International aspects Poverty Child This Report Card presents a first overview of inequalities in child well-being for 24 of the world’s richest countries. Three dimensions of inequality are examined: material well-being, education, and health. In each case and for each country, the question asked is ‘how far behind are children being allowed to fall?’ The report argues that children deserve the best possible start, that early experience can cast a long shadow, and that children are not to be held responsible for the circumstances into which they are born. In this sense the metric used - the degree of bottom-end inequality in child well-being - is a measure of the progress being made towards a fairer society. Bringing in data from the majority of OECD countries, the report attempts to show which of them are allowing children to fall behind by more than is necessary in education, health and material well-being (using the best performing countries as a minimum standard for what can be achieved). In drawing attention to the depth of disparities revealed, and in summarizing what is known about the consequences, it argues that ‘falling behind’ is a critical issue not only for millions of individual children today but for the economic and social future of their nations tomorrow. UNICEF 2010 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14338/1/UNICEP_The_children_left_behind.pdf Adamson, Peter <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Adamson=3APeter=3A=3A.html> (2010) The children left behind: a league table of inequality in child well-being in the world's rich countries. New York: UNICEF. Innocenti Report Card 9info:oai:generic.eprints.org:13991info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/13991/ Socio-economic review 2010. An agenda for a new Ireland: policies to ensure economic development,social equity and sustainability. Collins, Michael Healy, Sean Reynolds, Brigid Health care economics Ireland Inclusion and exclusion Poverty Economic policy Social Justice Ireland 2010 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/13991/1/Social_Justice_Ireland_AN_AGENDA_FOR_A_NEW_IRELAND%5B1%5D.pdf Social Justice Ireland. Collins, Michael <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Collins=3AMichael=3A=3A.html> and Healy, Sean <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Healy=3ASean=3A=3A.html> and Reynolds, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Reynolds=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html> (2010) Socio-economic review 2010. An agenda for a new Ireland: policies to ensure economic development,social equity and sustainability. Dublin: Social Justice Ireland. info:oai:generic.eprints.org:14534info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14534/ Poverty and social exclusion. Problem drugs and alcohol use Inclusion and exclusion Drug dependence Alcohol dependence Homelessness Social equality and inequality Poverty Europe Europe is one of the richest areas in the world, yet around 84 million Europeans live below the poverty line, and many face serious obstacles in accessing employment, education, housing, social services and financial services. Inspired by its founding principle of solidarity, the European Union has joined forces with its Member States to make 2010 the European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion. Its goals cover four broad objectives and guiding principles: European Commission 2010 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14534/1/poverty_in_eu_ebs_355_en1.pdf European Commission: Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs, TNS Opinion & Social. (2010) Poverty and social exclusion. Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb_special_359_340_en.htminfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:13990info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:journalPikeBrigidPike, Brigid <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Pike=3ABrigid=3A=3A.html>Issue 35, Autumn 20102010In brief.Drugnet Ireland29articleinfo:oai:generic.eprints.org:14301info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:oai_dc http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14301/ Growing up in Ireland: National longitudinal study of children. The infants and their families. Williams, James Greene, Sheila McNally, Sinead Murray, Aisling Quail, Amanda Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use Family role Community environment Pregnancy Ireland Pregnant woman Alcohol consumption Parent-child relations Child Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) Poverty Growing Up in Ireland is a national study of children. It is the most significant of its kind ever to take place in this country and will help us to improve our understanding of all aspects of children and their development. The study will take place over seven years and follow the progress of two groups of children; 8500 nine-year-olds and 11,000 nine-month-olds. During this time we will carry out two rounds of research with each group of children. The main aim of the study is to paint a full picture of children in Ireland and how they are developing in the current social, economic and cultural environment. This information will be used to assist in policy formation and in the provision of services which will ensure all children will have the best possible start in life. Stationery Office 2010 Report NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14301/1/Growing_Up_in_Ireland_The_Infants_and_their_Families_full.pdf application/pdf en http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/14301/2/Growing_Up_in_Ireland_-_The_Infants_and_their_Families_Exec_Summary.pdf Office of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs. Williams, James <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Williams=3AJames=3A=3A.html> and Greene, Sheila <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Greene=3ASheila=3A=3A.html> and McNally, Sinead <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/McNally=3ASinead=3A=3A.html> and Murray, Aisling <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Murray=3AAisling=3A=3A.html> and Quail, Amanda <http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/view/people/Quail=3AAmanda=3A=3A.html> (2010) Growing up in Ireland: National longitudinal study of children. The infants and their families. Dublin: Stationery Office.