This short document aims to provide a summary of the main issues that people engaged in developing drug policy, or in commissioning evaluations of drug policy, strategies and interventions, need to consider. There are many sources of more detailed information and guidance on conducting evaluations. This guide seeks not to duplicate or replace them but instead to act as an introduction, providing links to the wider literature and presenting the key issues for those managing rather than undertaking drug policy evaluations. Further reading and sources of more detailed information are provided at the end of this guide. There is also no single correct way to undertake an evaluation, and the choice of approach depends on many factors, including timing, objectives and the availability of resources.
This publication is designed to assist people in choosing the best approach to suit their circumstances and to maximise the value of any evaluation.
Table of contents
An estimated 1.2 million people receive treatment for drug-related problems in the European Union each year. With shrinking public budgets, increasing pressure on health systems, changes in the drugs used and the need to provide on-going care to chronic cases, what is the real cost of drug treatment in Europe? In collaboration with experts from around the globe, the EMCDDA has compiled this analytical report, the first of its kind, to present the current practices used for estimating drug treatment costs in order to help fill the knowledge gap.
This guide and the associated package of online materials provides a reference point for planning or delivering health and social responses to drug problems in Europe. The most appropriate responses will depend on the specific drug problems, the contexts in which these occur and the types of intervention that are possible and socially acceptable. By providing key information on some of the most important drug issues for Europe and the responses available, this guide aims to assist those involved in tackling these challenges to develop new programmes and improve existing ones.
Table of contents:
In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1- (cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, commonly known as ADB-CHMINACA, through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data collection on this substance for the preparation of a Joint Report as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. The Joint Report was submitted to the Council, the Commission and the European Medicines Agency on 3 July 2017.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27881",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27887","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/78/87","2017-09-22 10:47:33","2017-09-22 11:08:53","2017-09-22 10:47:33","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide (4-fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl; 4F-iBF).","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-09",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Joint Reports, Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"14 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","","psychoactive",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl) isobutyramide, commonly known as 4-fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (4F-iBF), through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data collection on this substance for the preparation of a Joint Report as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. The Joint Report was submitted to the Council, the Commission and the European Medicines Agency on 3 July 2017.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","","do_not_display",,"3",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27887",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27884","9","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/78/84","2017-09-22 10:31:53","2017-09-22 10:31:53","2017-09-22 10:31:53","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide (tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl; THF-F).","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-09","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Joint Reports, Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"13 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","","psychoactive",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]tetrahydrofuran- 2-carboxamide, commonly known as tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl (THF-F), through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data collection on this substance for the preparation of a Joint Report as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. The Joint Report was submitted to the Council, the Commission and the European Medicines Agency on 3 July 2017.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","","do_not_display",,"3",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27884",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27888","9","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/78/88","2017-09-22 10:52:42","2017-09-22 10:52:42","2017-09-22 10:52:42","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: methyl 2-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PINACA; 5F-ADB).","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-09",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Joint Reports, Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"16 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","","psychoactive",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance methyl 2-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}- 3,3-dimethylbutanoate, commonly known as 5F-MDMB-PINACA, through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data collection on this substance for the preparation of a Joint Report as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. The Joint Report was submitted to the Council, the Commission and the European Medicines Agency on 3 July 2017.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","","do_not_display",,"3",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27888",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27514","12","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/75/14","2017-07-07 07:55:44","2017-07-07 07:55:44","2017-07-07 07:55:44","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance: N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-furan-2-carboxamide (furanylfentanyl).","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-07","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,,,,,,,,,,,,"report","","psychoactive",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"In November 2016, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-furan-2-carboxamide, commonly known as furanylfentanyl, through a joint assessment. Furanylfentanyl is a synthetic opioid, closely related to fentanyl, which is likely to be a potent opioid narcotic analgesic and may have an abuse liability and dependence potential in humans. The two organisations launched a data collection on this substance for the preparation of a Joint Report as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. The Joint Report was submitted to the Council, the Commission and the European Medicines Agency on 23 January 2017.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , EE , JA6-6 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pharmacology and toxicology -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > risk factors","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Pharmacology and toxicology -- Risk and protective factors - risk factors","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27514",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27514",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27514",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27643","13","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/76/43","2017-07-21 14:16:28","2017-07-21 14:16:28","2017-07-21 14:16:28","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol 2016 annual report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA.","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-07","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"26 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,"Implementation reports",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"This report presents the key activities performed by the EMCDDA and Europol in 2016 and the results of the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances, including new psychoactive substances notified in 2016, Joint Reports produced, risk assessments conducted and public health-related alerts and advisories issued to the EU Early Warning System Network.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , EE , GA4 , MM20-10-8 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pharmacology and toxicology -- G Health and disease > Public health -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures)","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Pharmacology and toxicology -- Public health -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27643",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27643",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27643",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27643",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27404","18","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/74/04","2017-06-06 10:57:20","2017-06-06 10:57:20","2017-06-06 10:57:20","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland, country drug report 2017.","pub","AA2","","public",,,,,,,,"This report presents the top-level overview of the drug phenomenon in Ireland, covering drug supply, use and public health problems as well as drug policy and responses. The statistical data reported relate to 2015 (or most recent year) and are provided to the EMCDDA by the national focal point, unless stated otherwise.","2017-07","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"21 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Synthetic cannabinoids represent the largest group of substances currently monitored in Europe by the EMCCDA through the EU Early Warning System. Current knowledge on these substances and trends in production, availability, use and harms are presented in this analysis.
Part of the ‘Perspectives on drugs’ (PODs) series, launched alongside the annual European Drug Report, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses aim to provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues.
Note that the online version contains additional interactive or audiovisual material not available in the PDF version
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/pods/synthetic-cannabinoids
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BE4 , BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27398",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27398",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27397","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/73/97","2017-06-06 07:51:45","2017-06-06 07:51:45","2017-06-06 07:51:45","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study.","pub","JG26","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-06",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"9 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
The findings of the largest European project to date in the emerging science of wastewater analysis are taken up in this ‘Perspective on drugs’. The project in question analysed wastewater in over 60 European cities and towns (hereinafter referred to as ‘cities’) to explore the drug-taking habits of those who live in them. The results provide a valuable snapshot of the drug flow through the cities involved, revealing marked geographical variations*.
Part of the Perspectives on drugs (PODs) series, launched as part of the European Drug Report package, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues.
Note that the online version contains additional interactive or audiovisual material not available in the PDF version
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/pods/waste-water-analysis
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JG26 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Identification and screening","VA Geographic area > Europe","Identification and screening","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27397",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27400","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/74/00","2017-06-06 08:11:54","2017-06-06 08:11:54","2017-06-06 08:11:54","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: changes in Europe’s cannabis resin market.","pub","B6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-06","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"6 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","cannabis",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
The European market for hashish is currently one of the world’s largest and most profitable. About 647 tonnes of cannabis herb and 641 tonnes of hashish were consumed in the Euroean Union in 2013 and the retail market has an overall value estimated conservatively to be about EUR 9.3 billion in 2013. This analysis describes how the supply of cannabis resin in Europe is changing in response to competition and other market developments.
Note that the online version contains additional interactive or audiovisual material not available in the PDF version
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/pods/changes-in-cannabis-resin-market-europe
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"B6 , MM20-10-6 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis / Marijuana -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "27400",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27400",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27399","11","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/73/99","2017-06-06 08:04:05","2017-06-06 08:04:05","2017-06-06 08:04:05","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: preventing overdose deaths in Europe.","pub","GC4-6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-06",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"It is estimated that over 70 000 lives were lost to drug overdoses in Europe in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Reducing drug-related deaths therefore remains a major challenge for public health policy. This analysis describes some of the factors that increase the risk of fatal and non-fatal overdoses and a number of interventions developed to prevent these events.
Part of the ‘Perspectives on drugs’ (PODs) series, launched alongside the annual European Drug Report, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses aim to provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues.
Note that the online version contains additional interactive or audiovisual material not available in the PDF version
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/pods/preventing-overdose-deaths
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"GC4-6 , JB2-4 , PB6-12-2 , VH","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Drug use > Drug intoxication > Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder - Drug use - Drug intoxication - Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "27399",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27399",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"PB6-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27399",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311","63","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/53/11","2011-06-15 08:53:13","2017-05-18 07:53:27","2011-06-15 08:53:13","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA Best practice portal.","pub","HK2","","none",,,,,,,,"The Best practice portal is a resource for professionals, policymakers and researchers in the areas of drug-related prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration. The portal concentrates on illicit drugs and polydrug use and has a clear European focus. It is continuously updated as information and research on interventions emerges. You can find the latest evidence (what works and what doesn't work) - guidelines, standards and tools (instruments and questionnaires). ‘Best practice is the best application of available evidence to current activities in the drugs field. • underlying evidence should be relevant to the problems and issues affecting those involved(professionals, policymakers, drug users, their families); • methods should be transparent, reliable and transferable and all appropriate evidence should be considered in the classification process; • experience in implementation, adaptation and training should be systematically collected and made available; • contextual factors should be studied by modelling different prevalence levels so as to assess the impact of an intervention on the population; and • evidence of effectiveness and feasibility of implementation should both be considered for the broader decision-making process.'","2017-05","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/best-practice","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"HK2 , HZ26 , JA2 , JB2 , JB2-4 , JB6 , JG , JS , JU10 , ND2-6 , NM6 , RA14 , TT2 , TT2-12 , TT2-14 , TT6 , TT8-2","HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention outcome -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care delivery -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care administration > Health care quality control -- N Communication, information and education > Information transfer > Information transfer from research to practice -- N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines -- R Research > Research outcome -- T Demographic characteristics > Drug or health care worker -- T Demographic characteristics > Doctor -- T Demographic characteristics > Nurse -- T Demographic characteristics > Prevention worker -- T Demographic characteristics > Social worker",,"Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Treatment outcome -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Prevention outcome -- Prevention approach -- Health care delivery -- Health care administration - Health care quality control -- Information transfer - Information transfer from research to practice -- Recommendations or guidelines -- Research outcome -- Drug or health care worker -- Doctor -- Nurse -- Prevention worker -- Social worker",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder_drug_therapy","cannabis",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder_treatment_method","cns_depressants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_prevention","cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction","cocaine",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychosocial_treatment_method","inhale_solvent",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JS",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JU10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"NM6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RA14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TT2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TT2-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TT2-14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TT6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TT8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293","9","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/72/93","2017-05-17 08:05:21","2017-05-17 08:05:21","2017-05-17 08:05:21","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Legal approaches to drugs and driving.","pub","AN8-4","","none",,,,,,,,"Drug use can reduce the ability to drive a motor vehicle safely on the public road. European countries have developed various legal mechanisms to address this issue, using laws on road traffic or on drug control. This topic overview briefly describes the national laws in EU Member States and Norway, along with EU legislation, on drugs and driving. Here you can find out for each country whether the legal provisions exist in drug control laws or road traffic laws, the substances addressed, the levels of penalties, any blood-drug or impairment levels established, and whether drivers can be stopped and tested at any time or if the police require some form of suspicion beforehand.","2017-05",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","aod_use_harm_reduction","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/topic-overviews/legal-approaches-to-drugs-and-driving/html#panel12","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AN8-4 , MN32 , VH4-2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving -- MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving)","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving -- Transportation safety laws (driving)","Europe - Ireland","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention","cannabis",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_depressants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cocaine",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"inhale_solvent",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27293",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"prescription",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26990","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/69/90","2017-03-09 15:19:07","2017-03-09 15:19:07","2017-03-09 15:19:07","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Monitoring hospital emergencies and acute drug toxicity in Europe: Euro-DEN Plus network expands reach by welcoming eight new centres",,"GC4-6","","none",,,,,,,,"Data from hospital emergency departments show that every year in Europe thousands of individuals experience drug-related toxicity and other harms, resulting in emergency presentations to hospital (1). Supported by the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA), the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN Plus) monitors drug-related emergency presentations across Europe to provide unique insight into acute health harms related to drug use (2). In the course of 2017, the network will be expanding its reach by collecting data from new hospital ‘sentinel’ centres in eight European cities.........","2017-03-09",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
At a time of increased debate on the laws controlling the use of cannabis in the European Union, this report answers some of the questions most often asked about cannabis legislation. Using a question and answer format, basic definitions and the obligations of countries under international law are set out in a section on ‘What is cannabis and what are countries’ obligations to control it?‘ Two following sections examine the links and disparities between the content of the laws and their guidelines on the one hand and the actual implementation of the laws on the other. The final question and answer section considers whether changes in law have affected cannabis use and how much public support for legal change exists, as it looks at the future direction of cannabis legislation in Europe.
The European Facility Survey Questionnaire (EFSQ) is a data collection instrument applicable in any European country or in any country worldwide interested in surveying facilities that provide interventions to drug users. The aim of the EFSQ is to collect information from the facilities across drug treatment systems on their administrative characteristics, client utilisation, staffing and quality management, and core interventions, while accounting for their diversity.
The EFSQ was developed by the EMCDDA in collaboration with its network.
A web-based version of the EFSQ (EFSQ.lss file) has been developed for use with the free, open source online survey package, LimeSurvey [For additional spreadsheet see link above]
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/technical-reports/european-facility-survey-questionnaire-efsq","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JT , JT14-4-12-4 , JT8_8_2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment unit -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Community-based treatment (primary care)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health care programme or facility -- Health care programme or facility - Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment unit -- Health care programme or facility - Community-based treatment (primary care)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "27079",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT14-4-12-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27079",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT8_8_2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27079",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26919","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/69/19","2017-02-27 15:56:30","2017-02-27 15:56:30","2017-02-27 15:56:30","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA Programming document 2017–19.",,"JA2","","public",,,,,,,,"The EMCDDA Single Programming Document (SPD) for the period 2017–19, which includes the 2017 work programme, is the first work programme to be implemented under the new EMCDDA Strategy 2025. Priority in 2017 will be given to improving core monitoring tasks and to operating the EU Early Warning System under a new regulation on new psychoactive substances, which is expected to enter into force in the course of the year. Table of contents: • Foreword by the Director • Mission statement • Section I: General context • Section II: Multiannual programming 2017–19 • Section III: Work programme 2017 • Annexes","2017-02",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"96 p.",,,,,"DOI: 10.2810/450240",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9497-047-3",,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/work-programmes-and-strategies/2017-work-programme","org",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA2 , ND14 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- N Communication, information and education > Information use and impact","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Information use and impact","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "26919",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26919",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26890","12","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/68/90","2017-02-22 13:48:17","2017-02-22 13:48:17","2017-02-22 13:48:17","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide (acryloylfentanyl).","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-02","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"24 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"In September 2016, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide, commonly known as acryloylfentanyl, through a joint assessment based upon the following criteria:
1. the amount of the material seized;
2. evidence of organised crime involvement;
3. evidence of international trafficking;
4. analogy with better-studied compounds;
5. evidence of the potential for further (rapid) spread; and,
6. evidence of cases of serious intoxication or fatalities.
The EMCDDA and Europol agreed that the information collected on acryloylfentanyl satisfied criteria 4 and 6. The two agencies therefore concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on acryloylfentanyl as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , BT , MM20-10-8 , VH , VH4-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures)","VA Geographic area > Europe -- VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures)","Europe -- Europe - Ireland","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "26890",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26890",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26890",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26890",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26725","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/67/25","2017-01-30 08:37:42","2017-01-30 08:37:42","2017-01-30 08:37:42","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Healthy nightlife toolbox.","pub","JB2-4","","public",,,,,,,,"Hosted by the EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction), the Healthy Nightlife Toolbox (HNT) is an international initiative that focuses on the reduction of harm from alcohol and drug use among young people. Alcohol and drug use are linked to health and safety problems. Commonly this substance use takes place in recreational settings, which makes nightlife an important setting for prevention measures. The Healthy Nightlife Toolbox is a website designed for local, regional and national policy makers and prevention workers, to help reduce harm from alcohol and drug use in nightlife settings. The core of the online Toolbox is comprised of three databases: evaluated interventions, literature on these interventions, and other literature within the field of nightlife alcohol and drug prevention. The HNT Info sheet summarises the available knowledge on creating a healthy and safe nightlife.","2017-01",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","aod_prevention","alcohol",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.hntinfo.eu/","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/fs1/2017/emcdda-hosts-healthy-nightlife-toolbox","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JB2-4 , LN , LN2 , LN4 , VA2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context > Context of initiation of drugs and alcohol use -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context > Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > International aspects","Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Social context -- Social context - Context of initiation of drugs and alcohol use -- Social context - Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use","International aspects","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "26725",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26725",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LN2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26725",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LN4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cocaine",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26725",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26725",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26686","13","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/66/86","2017-01-20 09:12:35","2017-01-20 09:12:35","2017-01-20 09:12:35","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"","Quigley:Eoghan::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug supply reduction: an overview of EU policies and measures.","pub","MM12","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017-01","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"24 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9497-042-8",,,,"EMCDDA Papers",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Illicit drug markets have a global reach. This paper provides an overview of EU policies and responses to the production and trafficking of illicit drugs within the international context. It considers the different strategic areas involved, the EU structures concerned, along with some of the key measures currently being implemented by the EU and its international partners. Drug supply reduction actions cut across policy areas. These include illicit drug policy, security, organised crime, and maritime and regional cooperation policy. The EU is involved in a range of projects and initiatives around the world designed to reduce the supply of illicit drugs, including capacity building initiatives targeting smuggling routes and measures to support economic, legislative, and monitoring infrastructural development.
This strategy sets out an ambitious course of travel for the agency to 2025. It presents a vision to contribute to a healthier and more secure Europe, through better informed drug policy and action. Adopted unanimously by the agency’s key stakeholders in 2016, the strategy is the result of a year-long, in-depth analysis of the environment in which the EMCDDA operates. This analysis focused, in particular, on customer needs and a critical review of our internal capacity to meet them.
Table of contents
This report provides a first look at the emergence of more problematic forms of use of new psychoactive substances among a range of demographic groups, including opioid and amphetamine injectors, prisoners, the homeless and men who have sex with men. It explores, in particular, the use of synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and new synthetic opioids, as well as related harms and responses.
Part of the Perspectives on Drugs (PODs) series, launched as part of the European Drug Report package, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues.
Note that the online version contains additional interactive or audiovisual material not available in the PDF version
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/pods/drug-consumption-rooms
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AD , GA10-10-2 , JB2-4 , JH10-6-4 , TL4-10-4 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- G Health and disease > Etiology > Disease transmission factor > Needle sharing -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control > Needle distribution and exchange -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- Etiology - Disease transmission factor - Needle sharing -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control - Needle distribution and exchange -- Intravenous / injecting drug user","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "27396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA10-10-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "27396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25286","28","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/52/86","2016-05-30 13:05:15","2017-05-19 10:10:14","2016-05-30 13:05:15","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 - drug markets and crime.","pub","MM2","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"32 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"It is generally accepted that Ireland’s serious illicit drug problem emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when heroin demand and supply first emerged. This was initially concentrated in economically deprived areas of Dublin’s inner city but would eventually spread throughout the city and over the next few decades, throughout the country. When Ireland’s principal drug law, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1977, was being introduced, the drug problem was not seen as particularly significant. This was also reflected in a relatively minimal approach to drug law enforcement. The year 1996 can be regarded as a watershed in terms of the state response to the drugs issue. The assassination of an investigative journalist by people involved in the drug trade led to a concerted state response, on the one hand in terms of the introduction of a series of criminal justice measures targeted against drug supply and the enhancement of law enforcement measures and, on the other, the development of policies around demand reduction, which would ultimately lead to the emergence of the National Drugs Strategy in 2001. Supply reduction is one of the five pillars of the NDS and a number of agencies, including the Naval Service, Customs Drug Law Enforcement and the Garda National Drugs Unit are jointly involved in addressing drug supply and drug-related crime.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/php/annual_report.php","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MM2 , MM2-2-2 , MM20-10-6 , MP18-2-8-10 , VH4-2","MM-MO Crime and law > Crime -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Crime -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25286",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25286",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25286",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25286",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25521","19","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/55/21","2016-05-31 08:42:04","2017-05-19 10:06:29","2016-05-31 08:42:04","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 - drugs.","pub","B6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"26 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The first survey on drug use in the general population was carried out in Ireland in 2002/3 among people aged 15-64. The results were jointly published by the National Advisory Committee on Drugs (NACD), now the National Advisory Committee on Drugs and Alcohol (NACDA) and the Drug and Alcohol Information and Research Unit. The survey was repeated in 2006/7 and in 2010/11. In 2014, the NACDA commissioned IPSOS MRBI to conduct the Drug Use in Ireland and Northern Ireland Drug Prevalence Survey 2014/15. A sample comprising all households throughout the island of Ireland was randomly selected to participate. Fieldwork began in September 2014 and was completed in May 2015.
In addition to findings from the previous NACDA drug prevalence surveys (National Advisory Committee on Drugs and Public Health Information and Research Branch 2011), this workbook includes notification data from the 2014/15 sample pertaining to the Republic of Ireland (National Advisory Committee on Drugs and Alcohol 2016). It also includes data on cannabis use from waves 1-5 of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey (Gavin, et al. 2015), data from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) (Taylor, et al. 2016) and findings from waves 1-2 on estimates of opioid use in Ireland using a 3-source capture-recapture method (Kelly, Alan, et al. 2009)
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"B6 , BE4 , BL , BN , VH4-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Cannabis / Marijuana -- Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- Opioids (opiates) -- New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25521",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BE4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25521",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25521",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25521",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259","34","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/52/59","2016-03-11 09:51:20","2017-05-19 10:13:42","2016-05-31 08:42:25","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 - harms and harm reduction.","pub","GC4-6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"31 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Ireland maintains a special register which is a complete census of all drug-induced deaths. Established in 2005, the National Drug-Related Death Index (NDRDI), which is maintained by the Health Research Board (HRB), is an epidemiological database which records cases of death by drugs poisoning, and deaths among drug users in Ireland, extending back to 1998.
In 2014, the number of drug-induced deaths fell slightly to 214, compared with 223 deaths in 2013. The majority of those who died were male, aged in their thirties. Opiates were the most common drug associated with drug-induced deaths as per the EMCDDA Filter D inclusion criteria. Other prescription drugs are very commonly implicated in polydrug deaths. In 2014, despite the overall small decrease in drug-induced deaths, the number of deaths where methadone, heroin, cocaine and MDMA were implicated rose. This is most likely a reflection of the increase in polydrug poisonings.
Data on drug-related acute emergencies in the Irish context refer to all admissions to acute general hospitals with non-fatal overdoses and are extracted from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) scheme.
Incidences of newly diagnosed HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) cases are notified to the Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC). Notification data for 2015 are included in this workbook.
The number of overdose cases admitted to Irish hospitals increased marginally from 4,233 cases in 2013. However, trends over time indicate a decrease in overdose cases admitted to Irish hospitals, falling from 5,012 cases in 2005 to 4,256 cases in 2014, a reduction of 756 cases.
Since June 2014 there has been an increase in notifications of recently acquired HIV in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Dublin. This is possibly linked with injection of a synthetic cathinone (α-PVP). Enhanced infection control measures have been implemented.
Since the pharmacy-based needle exchange programme was established the number of participating pharmacies has grown from 42 in 2011 to 115 at the end of 2014. The number of people attending these services has also increased from an average of 306 per month in 2012, to 933 per month in 2013 and 1,330 per month in 2014.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/php/annual_report.php","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"GC4-6 , GH16 , GH16-12-20-2 , GH16-12-6-6 , JB2-4 , JH10-6-2 , MP18-2-8-16 , PB6-12-2 , VH4-2","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Drug use > Drug intoxication > Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > HIV infection -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > Hepatitis C -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control > HIV prevention -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy -- P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Drugs and alcohol disorder - Drug use - Drug intoxication - Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - HIV infection -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - Hepatitis C -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control - HIV prevention -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy -- Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-20-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"PB6-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25259",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25264","27","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/52/64","2016-05-18 10:49:58","2017-05-19 10:21:16","2016-05-30 10:17:47","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 - prevention.","pub","BD6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"26 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
Prevention of problem drug use is one of five pillars in the National Drugs Strategy (interim) 2009–2016 (Department of Community 2009). The stated objectives of the Prevention pillar are to:
While environmental prevention interventions are not specifically identified in the national strategy, relevant activities include alcohol and tobacco control policies and legislation.
The drugs.ie website targets the general population and contains information on the risks and consequences of misusing alcohol and drugs. It also contains a recently improved directory of services and support mechanisms that includes a range of prevention interventions.
Universal prevention interventions in primary and post-primary schools are delivered through the Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE) programme. SPHE aims to help students understand the social influences that impact on decision-making and helps them to develop life skills to improve their self-esteem, develop resilience, and build meaningful and trusting relationships. The quality of SPHE programme delivery is regularly assessed through school inspections, which involve observations of lessons, reviews of lesson materials, self-evaluations by teachers and surveys among students.
In the community, prevention programmes are delivered in various settings, such as youth clubs and youth cafés, and by means of diversion activities provided by the statutory, voluntary and community sectors.
There is ongoing support for programmes that target those who have left school early or are at risk of doing so.
Families are targeted through a range of initiatives, including the Strengthening Families Programme and Functional Family Therapy.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/php/annual_report.php","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BD6 , JC4-2 , JC4-4 , JG , MP18-2 , VH4-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Tobacco (cigarette smoking) > Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Universal prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Tobacco (cigarette smoking) - Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) -- Basic prevention categories - Universal prevention -- Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Prevention approach -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25264",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25264",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25264",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25264",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25264",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265","28","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/52/65","2016-05-30 13:04:39","2017-05-19 10:25:24","2016-05-30 13:04:39","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 - prison.","pub","AA2-4","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"17 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"There are 14 institutions in the Irish prison system comprising 11 traditional ‘closed’ institutions, two open centres, which operate with minimal internal and perimeter security, and one ‘semi-open’ facility with traditional perimeter security but minimal internal security (the Training Unit). The majority of female prisoners are accommodated in the purpose-built Dóchas Centre adjacent to Mountjoy prison in Dublin and the remainder are located in a separate part of Limerick prison.
Political responsibility for the prison system in Ireland is vested in the Minister for Justice, Equality and Defence. The Irish Prison Service (IPS) operates as an executive agency within the Department of Justice, Equality and Defence. It is headed by a Director General supported by seven directors. The Office of the Inspector of Prisons is a statutory, independent office established to carry out regular inspections of the 14 prisons and to report to the Minister for Justice, Equality and Defence. Four policy documents have a particular bearing on the provision of drug-related healthcare in the Irish prison system – the IPS policy and strategy document, Keeping drugs out of prisons, and the National Drugs Strategy (interim) 2009–2016, the IPS three-year strategic plan 2012–2015, and the joint IPS–Probation Service strategic plan 2015–2017.
One of the key benchmark criteria relevant to the treatment of prisoners is equivalence of care. This, according to the Inspector of Prisons, is the minimum legal standard required in prison healthcare and entitles prisoners to the same care as that available in the community. Since the launch of the Irish Prison Service (IPS) drugs policy and strategy document, Keeping drugs out of prisons, the provision of drug services in Irish prisons has improved. The contracting-out of treatment services to addiction services based in the community and to private consultants including pharmacists has also been beneficial and has enhanced links between prison and community-based services. The IPS and the Probation Service have a multi-agency approach to offender and rehabilitation from pre- and post-imprisonment in order to reduce offending and improve prisoner outcomes. The availability of drugs within prisons is a cause of concern and prison visiting committees have described the situation as extremely worrying. It impedes the work of providing support and counselling in prisons.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/php/annual_report.php","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AA2-4 , FS38-6-2 , GC2 , JS , JT8_10_4 , MO4-12-2 , TU8-8-4 , VH4-2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- F Concepts in psychology > Specific attitude and behaviour > risk-taking behaviour -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Drug use -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care delivery -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Prison-based health service -- MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- T Demographic characteristics > Prison Inmate (prisoner)","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Specific attitude and behaviour - risk-taking behaviour -- Drugs and alcohol disorder - Drug use -- Health care delivery -- Health care programme or facility - Prison-based health service -- Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Prison Inmate (prisoner)","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"FS38-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JS",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT8_10_4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MO4-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TU8-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25265",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25261","26","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/52/61","2016-05-31 08:42:43","2017-05-19 10:31:52","2016-05-31 08:42:43","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 - treatment.","pub","AA2-4","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"24 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The current National Drugs Strategy (2009 to 2016) sets out a range of priorities, each with associated actions, for drug treatment. The overarching categories are development of general problem drug use treatment services; targeting of services for specific at-risk groups; development of a quality and standards framework; and training and skills development. The development of the next National Drugs Strategy (NDS) is ongoing. The Health Service Executive (HSE) is responsible for the provision of all publicly funded drug treatment. Drug treatment is therefore provided through a network of HSE services (public), but also non-statutory/voluntary agencies, many of which are funded by the HSE. Some private organisations also provide treatment.
A range of treatment options is available for problem drug users, mainly in outpatient settings but also in residential settings. Almost all opiate substitution treatment (OST) provided is methadone. Buprenorphine in combination preparations is not routinely available in Ireland. In 1998 the first formal methadone treatment protocol (MTP) was introduced to ensure that treatment for problem opiate use could be provided wherever the demand existed. Outpatient methadone treatment for problem opiate users is provided only through specialised HSE outpatient drug treatment clinics, satellite clinics or through specialised general practitioners (GPs) in the community.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/php/annual_report.php","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AA2-4 , BL , HK2 , HK2-10-2-2 , JT14-10 , JT8_8_2 , VH4-2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method > Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Residential facility -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Community-based treatment (primary care)","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Opioids (opiates) -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method - Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) -- Residential facility -- Health care programme or facility - Community-based treatment (primary care)","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25261",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25261",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25261",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2-10-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25261",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT14-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25261",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT8_8_2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25261",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25262","32","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/52/62","2016-05-30 10:18:17","2017-05-19 10:01:17","2016-05-30 10:18:17","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Ireland: national report for 2016 – drug policy.","pub","MP","","public",,,,,,,,,"2017","published",,"Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,"19 p.",,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Ireland’s National Drugs Strategy (interim) 2009–16 was launched on 10 September 2009 (Department of Community 2009). The overall strategic aim is to continue to tackle the harm caused to individuals and society by the misuse of drugs, through a concerted focus on the five pillars of Supply Reduction, Prevention, Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Research. Five strategic aims are set out:
A set of specific objectives and key performance indicators are set out under each of the strategy’s five pillars. These are further elaborated through 63 actions spread across the different pillars, which list the agencies responsible for delivering them.
While the National Drugs Strategy is predominately focused on illicit drugs, Action 1 called for the establishment of a steering group to develop a national substance misuse strategy aimed at covering both illicit drugs and alcohol. The steering group’s report was launched on 7 February 2012 and measures based on it, such as the Public Health (Alcohol) Bill 2015, have been developed by Government.
Key new developments include:
The classification of drugs and precursors in Ireland is made in accordance with the three United Nations conventions of 1961, 1971 and 1988. Irish legislation defines as criminal offences the importation, manufacture, trade in and possession, other than by prescription, of most psychoactive substances. The principal criminal legislative framework is laid out in the Misuse of Drugs Acts (MDA) 1977 and 1984, and the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1988. The offences of drug possession (s.3 MDA) and possession for the purpose of supply (s.15 MDA) are the principal forms of criminal charge used in the prosecution of drug offences in Ireland. The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1988 list under five schedules the various substances to which the laws apply. There are no alternatives to punishment for the possession or supply of illicit drugs in the sense that they remain criminal offences under the above legislation. However, different factors can operate either in mitigation of an offence or as aggravating factors.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/php/annual_report.php","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"B6 , BN , BT , LY4 , MN20 , MN36 , VH4-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws -- MM-MO Crime and law > Criminal penalty","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Cannabis / Marijuana -- New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- Legal availability or accessibility -- Drugs and alcohol laws -- Criminal penalty","Europe - Ireland","Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Health Research Board. Irish National Focal Point to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25263",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25263",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25263",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25263",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25263",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN36",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25263",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18983","20","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/89/83","2012-12-12 16:25:18","2017-09-25 08:33:41","2012-12-12 16:25:18","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","National drug-related public expenditure online resource.","pub","VH4-2","","none",,,,,,,,"This is the first set of national profiles that the EMCDDA has produced on drug-related public expenditure. The profiles are based on the sections on public expenditure provided by the 27 EU Member States, Croatia, Turkey and Norway in the national reports. Information given in the replies to the 2011 structured questionnaire on ‘Drug policy, evaluation and coordination’ and the available literature on this topic have also been reviewed and incorporated. These profiles aim to provide information on four main topics for each country. First, whether governments have allocated specific budgets to drug policy documents; second, the latest and most comprehensive estimate of national public spending on drug-related activities as a percentage of GDP; third, the evolution of drug-related public expenditure over time; and fourth, what can be expected from national estimates of drug-related public expenditure in the near future.","2016-12","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"other","","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/drug-related-public-expenditure","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"VH4-2 , JV , MT12 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care economics -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Economic policy","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Health care economics -- Economic policy","Europe - Ireland -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "18983",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JV",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18983",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MT12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18983",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26418","15","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/64/18","2016-11-23 13:54:11","2016-11-23 13:54:11","2016-11-23 13:54:11","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug-related infectious diseases in Europe: update from the EMCDDA expert network.","pub","AA2-4","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-11","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Lisbon",,"24 p.",,,,,"doi:10.2810/139972",,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"This report provides an update on infectious diseases related to injecting drug use in Europe. It covers both the EMCDDA Drug-related infectious diseases indicator, which collects data on the situation, and the responses in the area. The report is based on the indicator’s annual expert meeting, held in Lisbon in June 2016, which brought together national experts from the 28 EU Member States, Norway and Turkey.
The European new psychoactive substances (NPS) market has increased at a speed that established drug control laws struggle to match. Various countries have therefore introduced new legal responses to this phenomenon, based either on existing laws that focused on consumer or health protection or medicinal products, or by developing innovative new legislation. In 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that substances are not medicinal products if they do not have beneficial effects on human health, thus restricting the use of such laws for NPS control. This joint report prepared with Eurojust combines the EMCDDA’s top level monitoring activities with Eurojust’s operational experience in transnational prosecutions. The first part of the report is aimed at policymakers, and lists the challenges in NPS control and the solutions adopted in selected Member States. The second part is for legal practitioners, and focuses on the judgment of the Court of Justice and its practical effects on the transnational prosecution of NPS cases, describing the responses of some of the Member States most affected by the ruling.
Table of contents
Contingency management is a general behavioural intervention technique used in the treatment of drug dependence. This EMCDDA Paper contains a systematic review of studies on the effectiveness of contingency management when used alongside the pharmacological treatment of dependence. The 38 studies concerned related to people using various drugs, and were complemented by three economic studies. The analysis contained in the Paper concludes that contingency management is a feasible and promising adjunct to treatment for drug users.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AA2-4 , HK2 , VA2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method","VA Geographic area > International aspects","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method","International aspects","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "26213",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26213",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25938","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/59/38","2016-08-04 15:17:20","2016-08-04 15:17:39","2016-08-04 15:17:20","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Hospital emergency presentations and acute drug toxicity in Europe — update from the Euro-DEN Plus research group and the EMCDDA.","pub","GC4-6","","public",,,,,,,,"This rapid communication provides an update on drug related hospital emergency presentations in Europe with a specific focus on the latest results for acute drug toxicity presentations to the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN). This report is primarily based on presentations and discussions at a two-day meeting of the Euro-DEN Plus network in Lisbon on 7 and 8 April 2016. The meeting provided a platform for the presentation of new analyses from the Euro-DEN dataset, and further development and analyses of the Euro-DEN project were also discussed. Data presented here relate to analysis of acute drug toxicity presentations to the 16 original sentinel centres in the Euro-DEN network for the first two years of data collection (October 2013 to September 2015). This review also includes highlights from the new findings discussed during the meeting and consideration of the further development of the work of the Euro-DEN network and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in this field.","2016-08",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"20 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"GC4-6 , JQ8-2 , JT14-4 , VH","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Drug use > Drug intoxication > Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Care by type of problem > emergency care -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Hospital","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder - Drug use - Drug intoxication - Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- Care by type of problem - emergency care -- Health care programme or facility - Hospital","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25938",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JQ8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_depressants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25938",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT14-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25938",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cocaine",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25938",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25938",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25780","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/57/80","2016-07-08 14:08:15","2016-07-08 14:08:15","2016-07-08 14:08:15","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol 2015 annual report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA.","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,"This report presents the key activities performed by the EMCDDA and Europol in 2015, with details on all the relevant activities in support of the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances, including new psychoactive substances notified in 2015, Joint Reports produced, risk assessments conducted and public health alerts and advisories issued. Table of contents: ◦Overview ◦Implementation arrangements and cooperation with the European Union Pharmacovigilance system ◦Core activities ◦Conclusions ◦Publications ◦Annex 1 ◦Annex 2","2016-07",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"26 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","psychoactive",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , JG10-4 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25896","12","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/58/96","2016-07-28 10:17:37","2016-07-28 10:17:37","2016-07-28 10:17:37","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Hepatitis C among drug users in Europe: epidemiology, treatment and prevention.","pub","GH16-12","","public",,,,,,,,"Hepatitis C among drug users in Europe: epidemiology, treatment and prevention provides a timely contribution to raising awareness of the hepatitis C epidemic in Europe and the opportunities now opening up to tackle this problem decisively. A state of the art review of the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe and an overview of the way preventive measures are currently implemented in European countries set the scene. International experts address the treatment of HCV infection among people who inject drugs, with an emphasis on how we encourage uptake and deliver effective outcomes. Implementation issues are also explored, as are the complementary roles of treatment and prevention. The new medicines and treatment regimens driving the transformation in the HCV treatment landscape are reviewed in detail. The challenges of scaling up HCV treatment and successfully involving drug using patients is explored from different viewpoints, including that of the drug user. Table of contents • Foreword • Executive summary • Acknowledgements • Introduction • Chapter 1: Hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs • Chapter 2: Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs • Chapter 3: Strategies to improve hepatitis C care and to enhance treatment uptake and adherence • Chapter 4: Hepatitis C prevention among people who inject drugs • Chapter 5: Antiviral medications for hepatitis C virus infection • Chapter 6: Scaling up hepatitis C treatment • Chapter 7: A framework for evaluating scale up of hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention for people who inject drugs • Conclusions","2016-07",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"104 p.",,,,,"EMCDDA Insights 23",,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,"978-92-9168-928-6",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"GH16-12 , GH16-12-6-6 , JH10-6 , VH","G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > Viral disease -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > Hepatitis C -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control","VA Geographic area > Europe","Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - Viral disease -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - Hepatitis C -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25896",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25896",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25896",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25849","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/58/49","2016-07-21 14:53:50","2016-07-21 14:53:50","2016-07-21 14:53:50","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP).","pub","AM","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-07","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"48 p.",,,,,"Risk Assessments 18",,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","psychoactive",,"978-92-9168-931-6",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"This publication presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on α-PVP (1-phenyl- 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone), carried out by the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA on 18 November 2015. α-PVP is the eleventh new psychoactive substance to be risk assessed under the terms of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. On the basis of the Risk Assessment Report — and on the initiative of the European Commission — on 27 June 2016, the Council decided that α-PVP should be subject to control measures across the Member States.
Table of contents
[This review has been updated please see http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27396/ ]
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/drug-consumption-rooms","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AD , GA10-10-2 , JB2-4 , JH10-6-4 , MP18-2-8-16 , TL4-10-4 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- G Health and disease > Etiology > Disease transmission factor > Needle sharing -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control > Needle distribution and exchange -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- Etiology - Disease transmission factor - Needle sharing -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control - Needle distribution and exchange -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy -- Intravenous / injecting drug user","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA10-10-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25851","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/58/51","2016-07-22 07:26:25","2016-07-22 07:26:25","2016-07-22 07:26:25","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: health responses to new psychoactive substances.","pub","AM","","public",,,,,,,,"The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) over the last decade has posed a major challenge to drug policy. While the limited available data indicates that prevalence levels of NPS use are relatively low in the general European population, there are concerns around more problematic forms of use and harms in particular drug using populations. A number of public health concerns have arisen as a consequence of their use, although the real extent of these harms across Europe remains unknown. Initial responses to NPS availability in Europe have largely been regulatory, focusing on their supply using legislative tools but, as the phenomenon evolves, it has increasingly become a priority to formulate and implement effective public health responses. This analysis takes a look at some of the key risk groups among which NPS are being used and the health responses currently being employed across various intervention settings. Part of the Perspectives on Drugs (PODs) series and launched to mark the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking on June 26 2016, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues. This POD is based on an in-depth EMCDDA report on ‘Health responses to new psychoactive substances’.","2016-06","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_disorder","psychoactive",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/health-responses-to-nps","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AM , BN , GA2 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- G Health and disease > State of health","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- New (novel) psychoactive substances -- State of health","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25851",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25851",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25851",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25646","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/56/46","2016-06-09 07:44:55","2016-06-09 07:44:55","2016-06-09 07:44:55","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance: N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-l]acetamide (acetylfentanyl),","pub","BL","","public",,,,,,,,"Acetylfentanyl belongs to the phenylpiperidine class of synthetic opioids. This class also includes fentanyl which is controlled under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 (Schedule I). Structurally, acetylfentanyl differs from fentanyl by one methyl group (-CH3). Commonly used names: acetylfentanyl or acetyl fentanyl. In total, 78 seizures (15) have been reported to the EMCDDA by seven Member States and Norway: Belgium (4 seizures), Finland (5), France (2), Germany (1), Poland (2), Sweden (62), the United Kingdom (1), and Norway (1). Case-level data for 40 serious adverse events (19) associated with acetylfentanyl were reported to the EMCDDA by four Member States (Germany, Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). These cases comprised 8 acute intoxications and 32 deaths.","2016-06","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"21 p.",,,,,"Joint reports",,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BL , BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","Opioids (opiates) -- New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25646",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25646",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25669","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/56/69","2016-06-14 13:57:04","2016-06-14 13:57:04","2016-06-14 13:57:04","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","General report of activities 2015 — Key achievements and governance: a year in review.","pub","JA2","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-06","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"132 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The General Report of Activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. It catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.
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This year’s analysis once more highlights how Europe increasingly faces a more complex drug problem, in which stimulants, new psychoactive substances, misused medicines and problematic cannabis use all play a greater part. The report also reminds us that some of the problems of the past remain with us — even if the challenges they are now presenting for both policy and practice are changing. Europe’s opioids problem remains a central issue in the 2016 analysis, reflecting the significant impact these drugs still have on mortality and morbidity. We see now an increasingly complex relationship between use of heroin and synthetic opioids, accompanied by a worrying increase in overall estimates of opioid-related deaths. Treatment services in Europe are also now having to respond to the more complex health needs presented by an ageing cohort of heroin users, and policymakers wrestle with the difficult question of what constitutes the most appropriate long-term therapeutic goals for this group. At the same time, new heroin epidemics reported in other parts of the world remind us this is an area in which vigilance is required and ongoing surveillance remains essential.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFUVhGrAkRI","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AA2 , AA2-4 , BN , FS38-6-2 , HK2 , JA6-6 , MM20-10-6 , PB6-12-2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- F Concepts in psychology > Specific attitude and behaviour > risk-taking behaviour -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > risk factors -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death",,"Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Specific attitude and behaviour - risk-taking behaviour -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Risk and protective factors - risk factors -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5297",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"FS38-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25579",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"PB6-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25582","12","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/55/82","2016-05-31 09:51:11","2017-06-06 08:13:27","2016-05-31 09:51:11","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: changes in Europe’s cannabis resin market.","pub","B6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","cannabis",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The European market for hashish is currently one of the world’s largest and most profitable. About 647 tonnes of cannabis herb and 641 tonnes of hashish were consumed in the Euroean Union in 2013 and the retail market has an overall value estimated conservatively to be about EUR 9.3 billion in 2013. This analysis describes how the supply of cannabis resin in Europe is changing in response to competition and other market developments.
[Please note this guideline has been updated http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27400/ ]
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/cannabis-resin-market-europe","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"B6 , MM20-10-6 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis / Marijuana -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25582",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25582",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25583","12","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/55/83","2016-05-31 10:08:44","2016-11-15 11:20:36","2016-05-31 10:08:44","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: cocaine trafficking to Europe.","pub","BK","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-05",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"6 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","cocaine",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Cocaine is Europe’s most commonly used illicit stimulant drug, with about 3.6 million adults (aged 15–64) estimated to have used it in the last year. It is the second most seized drug in Europe, after cannabis. Cocaine is trafficked to Europe from the producer countries of South America by both air and sea using a range of methods and routes. This analysis provides an insight into the European cocaine market, the trafficking routes used to bring it to Europe, and the different methods criminals employ to move their drugs.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/pods/cocaine-trafficking-to-europe","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BK , MM20-10-4-4 , MM20-10-6 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25583",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25583",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25583",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25585","12","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/55/85","2016-05-31 09:49:13","2016-05-31 09:49:13","2016-05-31 09:49:13","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: strategies to prevent diversion of opioid substitution treatment medications.","pub","BL","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-05",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"9 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The use of substitution drugs for the treatment of opioid dependence represents a key evidence-based response to heroin problems in Europe. However, the diversion of these medicines from their intended use in drug treatment to non-medical use and sale on illicit drug markets is a cause for concern. The use of diverted substances has been associated with fatal and non-fatal overdose and an increased incidence of opioid dependence. This analysis summarises the context of opioid substitution treatment in Europe, what diversion is and what current measures are being implemented to reduce it, and considers the implications for the future.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/preventing-diversion-of-opioid-substitution-treatment","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BL , BL2-1 , HK2-10-2-2 , MM20-10-6 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Methadone -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method > Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Opioids (opiates) -- Opioids (opiates) - Methadone -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method - Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25585",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2-1",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25585",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2-10-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25585",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25585",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25469","14","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/54/69","2016-05-03 15:15:27","2016-05-03 15:15:27","2016-05-03 15:15:27","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Recent changes in Europe’s MDMA/ecstasy market. EMCDDA rapid communication.","pub","BJ2-8","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"20 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-911-8",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"This report explores the recent resurgence in use of MDMA in Europe and increased availability of high-strength MDMA tablets, crystals and powders. It notes that the picture is not uniform across European countries, and while overall the region’s MDMA market is now in a period of consolidation, there are some temporal ripple effects as latecomer countries catch up.
Table of contents
In this report we present cross-cutting themes that help us understand the illicit drug market. For this we first need to explain what exactly we mean by ‘drug market’. Here we use the term to describe the entire chain of events from the production of the drug in the source country to acquisition of the drug by the user in the destination country. We can think of this in terms of the processes, the actors and the impacts/harms. The process includes, but is not limited to, the farming of drug crops; the procurement of precursor chemicals and specialist equipment; the production of the drug itself; trafficking activities and routes; concealment methods; the adulteration steps; and the distribution from wholesale all the way down to the retail level and, finally, consumption. The actors involved are farmers or synthetic drug ‘cooks’, members of organised criminal groups, facilitators, corrupt officials, middlemen, professionals, whether complicit or not, specialists providing criminal services, dealers and consumers. In addition, the report considers the broader harms associated with drug markets and their impact on society.
","Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/start/2016/drug-markets","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MM12 , MM20-10-4-4 , MM20-10-6 , MP18-2 , MR2-8-4 , VH","MM-MO Crime and law > Organised crime -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Organised crime -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and Europol European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and Europol","0","no" "25357",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5292",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25357",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25357",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25357",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25357",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25301","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/53/01","2016-03-15 11:44:06","2016-04-27 10:17:21","2016-03-15 11:44:06","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Assessing illicit drugs in wastewater: advances in wastewater-based drug epidemiology.","pub","AA2","","public",,,,,,,,"Assessing illicit drugs in wastewater: advances in wastewater-based drug epidemiology reviews a new approach to estimating drug use in populations, based on the detection and quantification of drugs and their metabolic products in community wastewater. Strengths of the wastewater-based approach include avoiding the problems associated with questionnaire-based research, better identification of the drugs being used and being able to provide near-real-time results, with the power to identify trends in drug use patterns, over time and geographically. Novel uses of the approach are explored, such as the early detection of new psychoactive substances on the drug market. The report also looks at the limitations to the approach and how these can be overcome for this new tool to take its place in the drug epidemiologist’s toolkit.","2016-03",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"18 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_disorder","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,"ISBN 978-92-9168-856-2",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","5293","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/insights/assessing-drugs-in-wastewater","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AA2 , JG26_2_4_2 , RC , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Identification and screening > Identification and screening for drugs and alcohol use -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Identification and screening - Identification and screening for drugs and alcohol use -- Research and evaluation method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25301",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG26_2_4_2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"screening",,,,,,,,,,,,"5294",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25301",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25301",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25255","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/52/55","2016-03-02 14:15:06","2016-05-10 10:10:02","2016-03-02 14:15:06","video",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","The Internet and drug markets.","pub","MM20-10-6","","none",,,,,,,,"The last decade has seen the emergence of new internet technologies that have acted as important facilitators of online drug markets. The internet now hosts a range of virtual marketplaces (both on the surface and deep web) for selling and buying illicit substances, as well as representing a new arena for health and law enforcement interventions. This first EMCDDA investigation into the world of online drug markets brings together state-of-the-art input from over 20 experts — from academia, journalism and frontline practice — and contributes to the knowledge base on this part of the supply chain. This 2.5 minute video gives a short introduction to the internet and drug markets. The related 'organisation' link below leads to the EMCDDA utube channel, with related videos about drugs and the internet.","2016-03","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CG9_Z_ze-9Q&feature=youtu.be","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChEQoVpp18bJ2aJM6MGFivw","org",,"","","youtube",,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"16",,,"MM20-10-6 , MR2-8-4 , VH","MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25255",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25255",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25187","14","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/51/87","2016-02-11 11:21:20","2016-02-11 11:21:21","2016-02-11 11:21:20","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","The internet and drug markets.","pub","MM12","","public",,,,,,,,"The last decade has seen the emergence of new internet technologies that have acted as important facilitators of online drug markets. The internet now hosts a range of virtual marketplaces (both on the surface and deep web) for selling and buying illicit substances, as well as representing a new arena for health and law enforcement interventions. This first EMCDDA investigation into the world of online drug markets brings together state-of-the-art input from over 20 experts — from academia, journalism and frontline practice — and contributes to the knowledge base on this part of the supply chain.","2016-02","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"136 p.",,,,,"EMCDDA Insights 21",,,,,,"report","crime_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"MM12 , MM2-2-2 , MM20-10-6 , MR2-8-4 , VA2","MM-MO Crime and law > Organised crime -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > International aspects","Organised crime -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","International aspects","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25045","23","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/50/45","2016-01-18 12:31:15","2016-07-28 09:05:34","2016-01-18 12:31:15","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Preventing opioid overdose deaths with take-home naloxone.",,"BL","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2016-01","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"104 p.",,,,,"EMCDDA Insights Series no. 20",,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid",,"ISBN 978-92-9168-837-1",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","5282","","available","","","","","",,"This publication examines the case for distributing naloxone, an emergency medication, to people who inject opioids such as heroin and to others who might witness an opioid overdose. Through its capacity to reverse opioid overdose, naloxone can save lives if administered in time. This comprehensive review looks at opioid overdose and how naloxone counteracts it, and discusses the circumstances of opioid overdose deaths and the use of naloxone in regular clinical practice. As well as documenting the historical development and spread of take-home naloxone programmes in Europe and beyond, the study looks at the practical side of their implementation, including the training of naloxone recipients in how to recognise and respond to an overdose. Although take-home naloxone is supported by the World Health Organization, the report finds that barriers to its access exist in Europe and considers how the availability of the intervention may be expanded.
Brief interventions are psychosocial techniques designed to help recipients recognise harmful patterns of substance use, and to motivate and support them to address that use. Studies suggest that brief interventions in an emergency department maximise the benefit of a unique ‘window of opportunity’ for engaging with people with substance use problems who do not necessarily receive assessment, referral or intervention. This paper considers five systematic reviews and 16 randomised controlled trials and points to the potential benefits of brief interventions, albeit with a need for more research.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AA2-4 , HZ2-2-2 , JT14-4 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Individual therapy > Brief intervention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Hospital","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Psychosocial treatment method - Individual therapy - Brief intervention -- Health care programme or facility - Hospital","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "25032",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25032",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT14-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25032",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "26690","32","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/66/90","2017-01-23 11:22:03","2017-02-14 11:56:00","2017-01-23 11:22:03","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Health Research Board","Focal Point Ireland: national report for 2015.","pub","AA2","","public",,,,,,,,,"2016",,,"Health Research Board",,"","",,,,,,"Health Research Board","Dublin",,,,,,,,,"Health Research Board",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction coordinates the work of 30 National Focal Points that act as monitoring centres gathering and analysing drug-related information in their own countries (28 EU member states, Norway and Turkey) and supplying data to the EMCDDA.
The Irish Focal Point to the EMCDDA is based in the Health Research Board. Each year it provides a report on the drug situation in Ireland which is prepared according to common data-collection standards and tools.
This report is separated into a series of themes.
The EMCDDA defines misuse of medicines the use of a psychoactive medicine with or without a prescription from an appropriate practitioner, clearly outside of accepted medical practice or guidelines, for either self-medication, recreational or enhancement purposes, including in the context of poly drug use.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/best-practice#view-answer19","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"5",,,"AA2-4 , BH2-2 , BT6-2 , HK2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) > Benzodiazepine -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method",,"Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) - Benzodiazepine -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24510",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BH2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24510",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24510",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24553","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/45/53","2015-09-24 14:52:13","2015-09-24 14:52:13","2015-09-24 14:52:13","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance: 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone (α-PVP).","pub","BJ","","public",,,,,,,,"In May 2015, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone, commonly known as α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), through a joint assessment. The two organisations concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on α-PVP as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. α-PVP is a synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring substance cathinone, which is internationally controlled (5), and one of the psychoactive principles in khat (Catha edulis Forsk).","2015-09",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"26 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_disorder","cns_stimulants",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BJ , BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","CNS stimulants -- New psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","yes" "24553",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction","psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24553",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540","29","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/45/40","2015-09-23 08:54:03","2015-10-23 11:12:06","2015-09-23 08:54:03","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Buhler","Anneke","","","",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Prevention of addictive behaviours.","pub","BB","","public",,,,,,,,"This publication is an update of Prevention of substance abuse, published in 2007. Like the previous analysis, it is a translation of a German study that presents a state-of-the-art review of prevention science. Although originally targeted at the German audience, the evidence base addressed is global in its scope. The review is broad in its considerations, covering not only the main topic of drug abuse but also alcohol and tobacco, as well as behavioural addictions, such as gambling. Table of contents: • Foreword to the English version • Summary • Chapter 1: Introduction • Chapter 2: Methodology • Chapter 3: Results • Chapter 4: Discussion • References / Glossary","2015-09","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"104 p.",,,,,"EMCDDA Insights Series no. 18",,,,,,"review","aod_prevention","alcohol",,"978-92-9168-824-1",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","5281","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BB , BD6 , HK2-8 , JB2 , JB6 , JC4-2 , JC4-4 , JE , JF10-10 , JF10-12-4 , JF10-14 , JF8 , JG10-2-4 , JG10-4 , MM22-8 , TT6 , VH , VH6-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Alcohol -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Tobacco (cigarette smoking) > Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder relapse prevention method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention outcome -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Universal prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention by sponsor or setting > School-based prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention by sponsor or setting > Youth-club / cafe based prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention by sponsor or setting > Sports-based prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention by sponsor or setting > Community-based prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Family-focused prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- MM-MO Crime and law > Vice crime > gambling -- T Demographic characteristics > Prevention worker","VA Geographic area > Europe -- VA Geographic area > Europe > Germany","Alcohol -- Tobacco (cigarette smoking) - Tobacco smoke (cigarette law / policy) -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method - Drugs and alcohol disorder relapse prevention method -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Prevention outcome -- Basic prevention categories - Universal prevention -- Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Prevention programme or service -- Prevention by sponsor or setting - School-based prevention -- Prevention by sponsor or setting - Youth-club / cafe based prevention -- Prevention by sponsor or setting - Sports-based prevention -- Prevention by sponsor or setting - Community-based prevention -- Prevention approach - Family-focused prevention -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- Vice crime - gambling -- Prevention worker","Europe -- Europe - Germany","Buhler Anneke , Thrul Johannes , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Thrul","Johannes","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"BD6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"tobacco",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JF10-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JF10-12-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JF10-14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JF8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM22-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TT6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24540",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24529","14","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/45/29","2015-09-21 14:55:42","2015-12-15 11:19:37","2015-09-21 14:55:42","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug-related infectious diseases in Europe: update from the EMCDDA expert network.","pub","GH16","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2015-09",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"18 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"This report provides an update on infectious diseases related to injecting drug use in Europe for the period up to June 2015. The report covers both the EMCDDA Drug-related infectious diseases indicator, which collects data on the situation, and the responses in the area. It includes highlights and new findings discussed during the indicator's annual expert meeting, held in Lisbon on 15 and 16 June 2015. This two-day event offered a platform for discussion among experts from the 28 EU Member States, Norway and Turkey. Topics receiving particular attention include: an update of the HIV situation and concerns in some countries; bacterial infections, including botulism outbreaks in Scotland and Norway; and changing patterns of injection in Europe and their implications for public health. Challenges in scaling up HCV treatments and good national examples in this area are also discussed.
Table of contents
The number and diversity of new psychoactive substances reported in Europe in recent years represents a major challenge for Europe’s policymakers. This analysis looks at countries’ legal responses to the new drugs phenomenon.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/controlling-new-psychoactive-substances","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , MO , MP18-2-8-10 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Law enforcement and the justice system -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21975",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MO",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21975",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21975",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21982","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/82","2014-05-28 09:56:14","2015-06-08 10:17:09","2014-05-28 09:56:14","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Models for the legal supply of cannabis: recent developments.","pub","B6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2015-06",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"4 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","crime_prevention","cannabis",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Three United Nations Conventions provide the international legal framework on drug control, instructing countries to limit drug supply and use to medical and scientific purposes. Yet, debate is increasing on the legalisation of drugs for non-medical purposes, particularly cannabis. Models under development for the legal supply of cannabis are described in this analysis, as well as some of the questions they raise.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/legal-supply-of-cannabis","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"B6 , MM20-10-6 , MP18-2 , MP18-2-8-12 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Drug decriminalisation (legalisation)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis / Marijuana -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Drug decriminalisation (legalisation)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24052","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/40/52","2015-06-08 10:24:44","2015-06-08 10:24:44","2015-06-08 10:24:44","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: The misuse of benzodiazepines among high-risk opioid users in Europe.","pub","BH2-2","","public",,,,,,,,"Benzodiazepines are a widely prescribed group of medicines with a range of clinical uses, including the treatment of anxiety and insomnia and the management of alcohol withdrawal. For a number of reasons this group of medicines are often misused by high-risk opioid users and are associated with morbidity and mortality among this group. This analysis considers the significance of this problem and its impact for the health and drug treatment of opioid users. Part of the Perspectives on Drugs (PODs) series, launched as part of the European Drug Report package, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues.","2015-06","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"8 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"review","aod_disorder","cns_depressants",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/benzodiazepines","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BH2-2 , BL , BT6-2 , FS38-6-2 , GC14 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) > Benzodiazepine -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- F Concepts in psychology > Specific attitude and behaviour > risk-taking behaviour -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) - Benzodiazepine -- Opioids (opiates) -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- Specific attitude and behaviour - risk-taking behaviour -- Drugs and alcohol disorder - Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24052",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24052",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"prescription",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24052",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"FS38-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24052",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24052",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/40/51","2015-06-08 10:25:06","2015-06-08 10:25:06","2015-06-08 10:25:06","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: The role of psychosocial interventions in drug treatment.","pub","HZ","","public",,,,,,,,"Psychosocial interventions are structured psychological or social interventions used to address substance-related problems. They can be used at different stages of drug treatment to identify the problem, treat it and assist with social reintegration. Psychosocial interventions are used to treat many different types of drug problems and behavioural addictions. This analysis explains what the main psychosocial interventions are and to whom they are provided. Part of the Perspectives on Drugs (PODs) series, launched as part of the European Drug Report package, these designed-for-the-web interactive analyses provide deeper insights into a selection of important issues.","2015-06","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"7 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"review","aod_disorder_treatment_method","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/psychosocial-interventions","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"HZ , HZ2-2-2 , HZ2-6 , HZ26 , HZ8-18-4-2 , HZ8-20 , JP10 , VH","HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Individual therapy > Brief intervention -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Family or marital therapy -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- HJ Treatment method > Directive and nondirective therapy > Psychoanalytic therapy > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Motivational interviewing -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors","VA Geographic area > Europe","Psychosocial treatment method -- Psychosocial treatment method - Individual therapy - Brief intervention -- Psychosocial treatment method - Family or marital therapy -- Treatment outcome -- Directive and nondirective therapy - Psychoanalytic therapy - Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) -- Psychosocial treatment method - Motivational interviewing -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"psychosocial_treatment_method",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ8-18-4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ8-20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21972","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/72","2014-05-28 09:04:38","2017-06-06 07:52:46","2014-05-28 09:04:38","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study.","pub","JG26","","public",,,,,,,,,"2015-06",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"5 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"In 2010, a Europe-wide network (Sewage Analysis CORE Group — Europe) was established to standardise the approach to wastewater analysis and to coordinate national studies. Following the success of an initial study in 19 European cities in 2011 (Thomas et al., 2012), comparable studies were undertaken over the following three years covering up to 21 European countries. A standard protocol and a common quality control exercise were used in all locations, which made it possible to directly compare illicit drug loads in Europe over a one-week period during four consecutive years.
[please note this guideline has been updated http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27397/ ]
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/waste-water-analysis","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JG26 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Identification and screening","VA Geographic area > Europe","Identification and screening","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21972",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24039","13","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/40/39","2015-06-05 08:09:11","2015-06-08 10:10:25","2015-06-05 08:09:11","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: opioid trafficking routes from Asia to Europe.","pub","BL","","public",,,,,,,,"Imported heroin has historically been available in Europe in two forms, the most common being brown heroin (its chemical base form), originating mainly in Afghanistan and other countries in south-west Asia. Less common is white heroin (a salt form), which historically came from south-east Asia but is now also produced in Afghanistan and probably in neighbouring Iran and Pakistan. This region, sometimes referred to as the Golden Crescent, dominates production for the European market.","2015-06","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"7 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","crime_prevention","opioid",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/opioid-trafficking-routes","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BL , MM20-10-4-4 , VH , VJ","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking)","VA Geographic area > Europe -- VA Geographic area > Asia","Opioids (opiates) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking)","Europe -- Asia","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24039",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24039",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24039",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VJ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24258","12","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/42/58","2015-07-10 10:40:25","2015-07-10 10:40:25","2015-07-10 10:40:25","conference_item",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA general population survey presentations.","pub","AA2","","none",,,"paper",,,,,,"2015-06","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,"General population surveys annual expert meeting","Lisbon","17–18 June 2015","conference",,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"On 17 and 18 June 2014, the EMCDDA brought together forty-five European and international experts for a meeting on the key indicator Prevalence and patterns of drug use among the general population (GPS) (*). These regular meetings on the indicator change their focus from year to year. This year particular attention was given to cannabis and alcohol, in addition to new psychoactive substances (NPS) and psychoactive medicines.
Regarding cannabis, a multi-indicator analysis (prevalence, supply, consequences, treatment) was presented, and the monitoring of high risk cannabis use was analysed. Monitoring cannabis use, high risk cannabis use and resulting problems are currently top level policy issues, given the ongoing, rapid changes in cannabis regulation.
The EMCDDA — together with many experts — has developed guidelines to be released shortly which aim to improve the accuracy of estimations of high risk cannabis use using psychometric scales (in particular CAST). Prevention and interventions (when needed) around cannabis were not addressed in this year’s meeting, but they will be addressed in future meetings, as well as issues on cannabis markets and potency.
Attention was also given to instruments to measure alcohol use. EMCDDA is working closely with the RARHA Joint Action (Joint Action on Reducing Alcohol Related Harm) of the Health and Food Safety Directorate General (DG SANTE) of the European Commission to develop common instruments to measure alcohol use and problems. Attention was given to the monitoring of new psychoactive substances and psychoactive medicines. The EMCDDA has developed a module on NPS to be used on population surveys similar to the one used in ESPAD and the Eurobarometer, but some countries are still using different instruments. Measurement of psychoactive medicine use is particularly challenging, both because of their availability in the legal, illegal and grey markets (e.g. on-line pharmacies), and because differentiation between use and abuse could be very subjective in many cases.
(*) The EMCDDA key indicators are a broad domain of knowledge that address drug demand (prevalence and patterns of use in general population, prevalence and patterns of problem drug use, and treatment demand indicator (TDI)) and drug problems (drug-related deaths (DRD) and drug-related infectious diseases)
Presentations
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/23170/","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AA2 , HJ2 , JC4-2 , JC4-4 , MM2-2-2 , MM20-10-6 , PB6-12-2 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- HJ Treatment method > General treatment method concepts -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Universal prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- General treatment method concepts -- Basic prevention categories - Universal prevention -- Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HJ2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"PB6-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24029",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21979","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/79","2014-05-28 09:36:30","2015-06-08 10:48:01","2014-05-28 09:36:30","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Hepatitis C treatment for injecting drug users.","pub","GH16-12-6-6","","public",,,,,,,,"Transmitted through the sharing of needles, syringes and other injecting equipment, hepatitis C is the most common infectious disease among injecting drug users in Europe today.In this analysis, the EMCDDA looks at some of the positive advances in treating the disease, including a new generation of medicines. 1. Analysis 2. Video 3. Facts and figures 4. New medicines","2015-05",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"7 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder_drug_therapy","opioid",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/hepatitis-c-treatment","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"GH16-12-6-6 , HK2 , JP10 , TL4-10-4 , VH","G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > Hepatitis C -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user","VA Geographic area > Europe","Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - Hepatitis C -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors -- Intravenous / injecting drug user","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21979",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder_treatment_method",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21979",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21979",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21979",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21967","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/67","2014-05-28 08:16:24","2015-06-08 10:31:57","2014-05-28 08:16:24","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Injection of synthetic cathinones.","pub","BJ6","","public",,,,,,,,,"2015-05","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"7 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","psychoactive",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
Over 80 synthetic cathinone derivatives were detected via the EU Early Warning System (EU–EWS) between 2005 and 2014. This analysis explores new worrying localised and national outbreaks of injecting these substances and recommends close monitoring of the issue as a public health priority.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-cathinones-injection","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BJ6 , TL4-10-4 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Synthetic cathinones -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user","VA Geographic area > Europe","CNS stimulants - Synthetic cathinones -- Intravenous / injecting drug user","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21967",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21967",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21976","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/76","2014-05-28 09:18:41","2017-06-06 08:05:03","2014-05-28 09:18:41","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Preventing overdose deaths in Europe.","pub","GC4-6","","public",,,,,,,,"It is estimated that over 70 000 lives were lost to drug overdoses in Europe in the first decade of the 21st Century. Reducing drug-related deaths, therefore, remains a major challenge for public health policy. This analysis describes some of the factors that increase the risk of fatal and non-fatal overdoses and a number of interventions developed to prevent these events. 1. Analysis 2. Video 3. Facts and figures 4. Peer naloxone","2015-05",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"6 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"[Please note this guideline has been updated http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/27399/ ]
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/preventing-overdose-deaths","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"GC4-6 , JB2-4 , PB6-12-2 , VH","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Drug use > Drug intoxication > Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder - Drug use - Drug intoxication - Drugs and alcohol poisoning (overdose) -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21976",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21976",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"PB6-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21976",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21977","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/77","2014-05-28 09:25:45","2015-06-08 10:35:41","2014-05-28 09:25:45","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe.","pub","BE4","","public",,,,,,,,"Synthetic cannabinoids represent the largest group of compounds currently monitored in Europe by the EU Early warning system on new psychoactive substances. Current knowledge on these substances, as well as trends in production, availability and use, are presented in this analysis 1. Analysis 2. Interactive 3. Facts and figures 4. Synthetic cannabinoid code names","2015-05","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"5 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder","cannabis",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-cannabinoids","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BE4 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21977",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_prevention","psychoactive",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21977",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21974","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/74","2014-05-28 09:09:23","2015-06-08 10:27:11","2014-05-28 09:09:23","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Synthetic drug production in Europe.","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2015-05","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"5 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","crime_prevention","psychoactive",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"Synthetic drugs have been produced illicitly in Europe for over 40 years and, by global standards, Europe remains a significant producer today. Described in this analysis are current trends in illicit synthetic drug production in Europe and some of the challenges faced by law enforcement in this regard.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-drug-production","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , MM20-10-2 , MM20-10-4-4 , MM20-10-6 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal production of drugs -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal production of drugs -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21980","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/80","2014-05-28 09:42:20","2015-06-08 10:24:16","2014-05-28 09:42:20","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: The EU drugs strategy (2013–20).","pub","","","public",,,,,,,,,"2015-05",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"4 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The EU drugs strategy (2013–20) and the EU action plan (2013–16) were endorsed by the Justice and Home Affairs Council of the European Union respectively on 7 December 2012 and on 6 June 2013. The main features of the current strategy and its first action plan, and how they aim to address Europe’s changing drugs problem, are presented in this analysis.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/eu-drugs-strategy-2013-20","http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/19034/","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21980",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder_treatment_method",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21980",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21980",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21980",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24054","11","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/40/54","2015-06-08 10:57:16","2015-06-08 10:57:16","2015-06-08 10:57:16","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Characteristics of frequent cannabis users with and without dependence.","pub","AA2-4","","public",,,,,,,,,"2015-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"5 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder_drug_therapy","cannabis",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"A small number of studies have looked into the concept of cannabis dependence, comparing frequent (1) or daily cannabis users with and without dependence (Looby and Earleywine, 2007; van der Pol et al., 2013), or populations with self-perceived treatment need to populations without this perception (Copeland et al., 2001). Depending on the population studied, somewhere between 25% and 50% of daily cannabis users will fulfil the criteria for dependence (NIDA, 2012). A general conclusion that can be drawn from these studies is that, while frequent to daily use of cannabis is a strong predictor of cannabis-related problems (Fischer et al., 2011), these accumulate even more in users with (probable) dependence.
Although the above-mentioned studies have found relatively small differences in the frequency or intensity of use or quantity of cannabis used between dependent and non-dependent frequent or daily users, marked differences were identified between dependent and non-dependent users in the levels of cannabis-related problems experienced, use of other substances and mental health problems. Other characteristics more prevalent in dependent users included solitary use and use in order to cope with problems.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/frequent-cannabis-users#panel4","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AA2-4 , B6 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Cannabis / Marijuana","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "24054",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder_treatment_method",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24054",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23823","16","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/38/23","2015-04-21 14:05:12","2015-05-12 12:51:11","2015-04-21 14:05:12","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,"Schettino","Jonathan","","","","Schettino:Jonathan::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Treatment of cannabis-related disorders in Europe.EMCDDA insights series no 17.","pub","B6","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2015-04","published",,"Schettino Jonathan",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"73 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"review","aod_disorder_treatment_method","cannabis",,"ISBN: 978-92-9168-760-2",,,,,,,"","","572","","available","","","","","",,"This publication reviews the interventions used in the treatment of cannabis disorders and maps out the geography of cannabis treatment in Europe.
Drug overdose is one of the major causes of death among young people in Europe. This paper considers how naloxone — an effective antidote that can reverse opioid intoxication — combined with training in first aid for coping with an overdose for people who are not health professionals can help save lives. The evidence from the 21 studies analysed shows that educational and training interventions for peers and family members, complemented by take-home naloxone, may help decrease overdose-related mortality.
Table of contents
Abstract
Background
Methods
Understanding the dynamics, nature and scale of drug use in Europe, including lessons learnt and challenges for the future, has been the focus of this EMCDDA conference held in Lisbon from 21–22 September 2015. The event commemorated the EU agency’s 20 years of monitoring and communicating evidence on drugs.
Building on national and early European activities, the EMCDDA has worked for the last two decades to improve the monitoring of Europe’s drug problems. At the heart of its activity have been efforts to enhance the comparability of drug information across Europe and to devise the standards, methods and tools required to achieve this. Among the agency’s core achievements are its five key epidemiological indicators (KI), supported by European expert groups, which allow countries to describe in a ‘common language’ the extent and nature of drug use and its consequences.
The conference aimed to reflect on past successes but also to be forward-looking. Key issues to help the EMCDDA better achieve its aims include: increased data quality and comparability; improved timeliness; better identification of emerging trends; faster and more sensitive monitoring approaches; and the integration of traditional and new monitoring methods (e.g. wastewater analysis, internet surveys). The ultimate aim of this milestone event will be to contribute to reducing drug-related harms through better informed and faster evaluated policies.
This publication presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on 4,4’-DMAR (4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amine), carried out by the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA on 16 September 2014. The main part of the publication, the Risk Assessment Report, examines the health and social risks of the drug, information on international trafficking and the involvement of organised crime, and the potential implications of subjecting the drug to control measures. On the basis of this report the Council decided on 8 October 2015 that 4,4’-DMAR should be subject to control measures across the Member States.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AM , BN , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- New psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "24673",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "24673",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23190","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/31/90","2014-12-19 08:32:55","2014-12-19 08:33:38","2014-12-19 08:32:55","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Video: Take-home naloxone programmes in Europe — overdose prevention.",,"BL2-2","","none",,,,,,,,,"2014-12-18",,,"YouTube",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"YouTube",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"Drug overdose continues to be the main cause of death among problem drug users and heroin or its metabolites are present in the majority of reported fatal overdoses. Naloxone is a lifesaving overdose reversal drug that rapidly counteracts the effects of opioids and is currently the standard treatment for overdose. In Europe, overdose prevention programmes that include the distribution of naloxone date back to the 1990s. Read more: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/events/20...
We would like to thank the following institutions andindividuals for the provision of audiovisual material:
N-ALIVE Giving the Naloxone. Agile Films for MRC N-ALIVE Pilot Trial, UK (http://youtu.be/S4kQ3iVUFMs).
Reducing opiate overdose deaths. Scottish Government (http://youtu.be/JFPmcHsfleA).
10 Minute Naloxone Training. Jon Derricott, Danny Morris (http://youtu.be/BaOUCo1M2mk).
Forebygg overdose med nalokson nesespray. Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (http://youtu.be/9KllfmvWiSk).
This study reveals the substantial levels of morbidity related to cocaine use, translated into the large number of cocaine cases seen in various emergency settings in European countries. This health burden is often not captured by other traditional drug indicators. The report also points to the potential for early prevention, assessment and referral opportunities that may currently be overlooked, including the referral of some patients who may benefit from specific counselling or treatment.
Table of contents:
Executive summary
Introduction
Methods
The medical complications of cocaine use
Drug-related health emergencies, with a focus on cocaine: data collection systems and results
Discussion
Conclusions and public health implications
References
Annex 1: Data collection sources and results, country-by-country
Annex 2: Data from the US Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
Annex 3: Relevant findings from the DRUID project
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BK , BK4-6 , JB2-4 , GC14 , BJ2-2 , BL , VH , AA2 , AM","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine > Crack cocaine -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cocaine -- Cocaine - Crack cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Drugs and alcohol disorder - Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug) -- CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Opioids (opiates) -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK4-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder","cocaine",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21734",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21390","12","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/13/90","2014-02-14 08:52:54","2014-02-14 08:52:54","2014-02-14 08:52:54","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA. Work programme 2014.","pub","JA2","","public",,"annual_report",,,,,,,"2014-02","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"58 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
The 2014 Work Programme continues to implement the commitments set out in the EMCDDA’s 2013–15 strategy and work programme. It builds on the achievements made in 2013 where measures were put in place to ensure that the EMCDDA’s approach remains appropriate to the challenge of reporting on an evolving drug situation within the context of changing customer needs and expectations. Work for 2014 is underpinned by the core principles of the strategy which are to ensure: the relevance and timeliness of our reporting; that our working practices are efficient and maximise investments made; and that we remain communication and customer focused.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/public-expenditure-drug-law-offenders-in-prison","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO4-12-2 , MO , VH4-2 , MT12 , VH , TU8-8-4","MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Economic policy -- T Demographic characteristics > Prison Inmate (prisoner)","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Law enforcement and the justice system -- Economic policy -- Prison Inmate (prisoner)","Europe - Ireland -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "21426",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MO",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21426",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21426",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MT12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21426",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21426",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TU8-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21460","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/14/60","2014-02-27 09:26:30","2014-02-27 09:26:30","2014-02-27 09:26:30","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Montanari","Linda","","","","Montanari:Linda::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European questionnaire on drug use among prisoners (EQDP).","pub","MO4-12-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This is a first common questionnaire on drug use among prisoners at European level. The questionnaire is the results of two years of work in the field of drugs and prison, which has included the agreement on a methodological framework or monitoring drug and prison in Europe, the analysis of existing questionnaires and a discussion among high level experts from several European countries and international organizations. Table of contents: • Introduction • (A) General information • (B) Drug use outside and inside prison • (C) Drug injecting and other health risk behaviours • (D) Health status • (E) Use of health and drug services • (F) Methodological comments • References • Annex: Methodological specifications. Principles and guidelines [See related link below for 'Drug use in prison: assessment report']","2014-02","published",,"Montanari Linda",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"32 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/scientific-studies/eqdp","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO4-12-2 , VH , TU8-8-4","MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- T Demographic characteristics > Prison Inmate (prisoner)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Prison Inmate (prisoner)","Europe","Montanari Linda , Royuela Luis , Rosa Miriam , Vicente Julian , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21460",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Royuela","Luis","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/21427/",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21460",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Rosa","Miriam","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"TU8-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21460",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Vicente","Julian","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21427","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/14/27","2014-02-21 16:12:43","2014-02-27 09:27:24","2014-02-21 16:12:43","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Royuela","Luis","","","","Royuela:Luis::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug use in prison: assessment report.","pub","MO4-12-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2014-02","published",,"Royuela Luis",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"35 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
The report presents a review of tools for monitoring illicit drug use in prison population in Europe. The objective of the report is to describe the existing tools used at national level, to assess their comparability and to build a common European basis for data collection on drug use and prison. The document will have an introduction, including the recent activities carried out in the last years at the EMCDDA, the formal mandate and the methodological developments. The report will present the assessment results by information area. Finally a draft questionnaire will be presented as minimum common basis to monitor drug use and among prisoners at European level.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/multidimensional-family-therapy-review","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"TA14 , LG18-12 , JG10-2-4 , HZ2-6 , LG2-6 , VH , B6","T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Family role -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Family-focused prevention -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Family or marital therapy -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family and drugs and alcohol > Drugs and alcohol related family problems -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana","VA Geographic area > Europe","Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Family role -- Prevention approach - Family-focused prevention -- Psychosocial treatment method - Family or marital therapy -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family and drugs and alcohol - Drugs and alcohol related family problems -- Cannabis / Marijuana","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17168",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG18-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17168",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17168",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17168",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17168",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17168",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21323","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/13/23","2014-01-31 09:42:11","2014-01-31 09:42:11","2014-01-31 09:42:11","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of 4-methylamphetamine in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances.","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on the new psychoactive substance, 4-methylamphetamine, that was conducted by the Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA. Concerns over the availability and use of this stimulant drug in the European Union led to an assessment of the health and social risks posed by the substance, and, consequently, its control across the EU Member States. Table of contents: • Foreword • Introduction • EMCDDA actions on monitoring and responding to new drugs • EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on 4-methylamphetamine: a summary • Risk Assessment Report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylamphetamine • Annex 1: Technical report on 4-methylamphetamine • Annex 2: Computational analysis on the pharmacology of 4-methylamphetamine • Council Decision 2013/129/EU on subjecting 4-methylamphetamine to control measures • Abbreviations • Participants of the risk assessment meeting","2014-01","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"59 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-601-8",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/risk-assessment/4-MA","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , BJ2-2 , VH , AM","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21323",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21323",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21323",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21324","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/13/24","2014-01-31 09:52:53","2014-01-31 09:52:53","2014-01-31 09:52:53","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances.","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on the new psychoactive substance, 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole, that was conducted by the Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA. Concerns over the availability and use of this stimulant drug in the European Union led to an assessment of the health and social risks posed by the substance, and, consequently, its control across the EU Member States. Table of contents: • Foreword • Introduction • EMCDDA actions on monitoring and responding to new drugs • EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole: a summary • Risk Assessment Report of a new psychoactive substance: 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole • Annex 1: Technical report on 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole • Annex 2: Study examining the inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) by the new psychoactive substance 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole (5-IT) • Council Implementing Decision 2013/496/EU on subjecting 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole to control measures • Abbreviations • Participants of the risk assessment meeting","2014-01","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"50 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/risk-assessment/5-IT","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH4-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","New psychoactive substances","Europe - Ireland","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21324",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21299","12","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/12/99","2014-01-29 10:25:21","2014-01-29 10:25:21","2014-01-29 10:25:21","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Europol","EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 25I-NBOMe. (4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine).","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on new psychoactive substance 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine, commonly known by the abbreviation ‘25I-NBOMe’, submitted in December 2013 to the Council of the EU, the European Commission and the EMA. After assessing the available evidence, the EMCDDA and Europol concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on 25I-NBOMe as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Decision. The following street names have been reported: ‘25I’, ‘dots’, ‘legal acid’, ‘NBomb’,‘NE-BOME’, ‘smiles’, ‘INBMeO’, ‘BOM-CI’, ‘Hoffman’ and ‘N-boom’.","2014-01","published",,"Europol",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","Lisbon",,"33 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-report/25I-NBOMe","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances","Europe","Europol Europol , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21299",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21298","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/12/98","2014-01-29 10:20:58","2014-01-29 10:20:58","2014-01-29 10:20:57","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Europol","EMCDDA–Europol Joint report on a new psychoactive substance: AH-7921. (3,4-dichloro-N-[[1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl]benzamide).","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on new psychoactive substance AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[[1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl]benzamide), submitted in December 2013 to the Council of the EU, the European Commission and the EMA. After assessing the available evidence, the EMCDDA and Europol concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on AH-7921 as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Decision. The following street names have been reported: ‘AH-7921’ and ‘doxylan’.","2014-01","published",,"Europol",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","Lisbon",,"23 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-report/AH-7921","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances","Europe","Europol Europol , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21298",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21300","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/13/00","2014-01-29 10:31:07","2014-01-29 10:31:07","2014-01-29 10:31:07","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Europol","EMCDDA–Europol Joint report on a new psychoactive substance: methoxetamine (2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone).","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on new psychoactive substance methoxetamine (2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone), submitted in December 2013 to the Council of the EU, the European Commission and the EMA. After assessing the available evidence, the EMCDDA and Europol concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on methoxetamine as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Decision. Common names or codenames that have also been reported are: 3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE, MXE, MXE100 and metoksetamiini (Finnish). The following street names have also been reported: ‘MXE’, ‘Mexxy’, ‘M-ket’, ‘MEX’, ‘Kmax’, ‘Special M’, ‘MA’, ‘legal ketamine’, ‘Minx’, ‘Jipper’ and ‘Roflcoptr’. Finally, the following ‘legal high’ product names have been associated with methoxetamine: ‘Kwasqik’, ‘Hypnotic’, ‘Panoramix’, ‘Magic’, ‘Lotus’, ‘Special K’ and ‘X’.","2014-01","published",,"Europol",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","Lisbon",,"40 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-report/methoxetamine","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances","Europe","Europol Europol , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21300",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22189","15","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/21/89","2014-06-25 12:48:53","2014-06-25 13:03:52","2014-06-25 12:48:53","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents.","pub","AN8-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Table of contents Foreword Executive summary Chapter 1: Methodological issues in determining the relationship between drug consumption, impaired driving and traffic accidents Chapter 2: Prevalence of drugs among drivers Chapter 3: Effects and risks associated with drugs Overall conclusion Appendix References","2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"149 p.",,,,,"doi:10.2810/26821",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-687-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AN8-4 , MN32-2 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving -- MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) > Drinking-and-driving laws","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving -- Transportation safety laws (driving) - Drinking-and-driving laws","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "22189",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22189",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23035","12","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/30/35","2014-11-26 09:41:31","2016-05-24 08:57:29","2014-11-26 09:41:31","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe.","pub","JA2","","public",,,,,,,,"In this issue: Lisbon Addictions 2015: call for abstracts | Best practice: from guidelines to quality standards | Financing drug policy in Europe in the wake of the economic recession | Preventing opioid deaths — legal issues around the provision of naloxone | New EMCDDA products and services","2014",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,"88","October–December","October–December","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,"FALSE","","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"JA2 , MP18-2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "23035",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23035",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21728","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/17/28","2014-04-08 12:59:41","2014-04-08 13:00:34","2014-04-08 12:59:41","conference_item",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA and ECDC sub-regional exchange of knowledge and best practice in monitoring and preventing drug-related infections.","pub","JH10-6-2","","public",,,"paper",,,,,"Monitoring and responding to HIV and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) is the focus of two new reports from the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The reports are the result of two expert meetings organised by the agencies last autumn which brought together key stakeholders from the areas of drug monitoring and infectious disease surveillance (1). The meetings had their roots in an ECDC–EMCDDA regional assessment of HIV trends, risks and prevention coverage among PWID conducted in mid-2013. This assessment had identified a low level of prevention coverage in at least one third of European countries, constituting a potential risk of increased HIV transmission among this group (2). The first expert meeting held in Bucharest (18–19 November 2013) — Detecting and responding to outbreaks of HIV among PWID — provided an important opportunity for sharing knowledge and best practice among experts from six countries in the south and south-east of the European region (Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Malta, Romania and Slovakia). The participants heard about the Greek response to an HIV outbreak among PWID, which started in 2011, and the subsequent scaling up of prevention interventions. This had been guided by monitoring data and research findings and resulted in significant progress in curbing the epidemic. Participants also discussed the situation in Romania, the second country to report an HIV outbreak since 2011. This outbreak has seen additional challenges associated with: high rates of co-infections; changing patterns of drug use among PWID; and the need to address funding gaps through a coordinated country-level response. The second meeting, a regional Reitox Academy held in Tallinn (21–22 November 2013) — Monitoring trends in and responses to drug-related infectious diseases among people who inject drugs — contributed to maximising synergies at national level between institutions and experts in the fields of drug monitoring and infectious disease surveillance in four countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland). The event helped participants from both fields to deepen their knowledge and mutual understanding of the situation; fostered joint initiatives at national level and further strengthened collaboration between neighbouring countries in the Baltic Sea region. Both meetings acknowledged the critical role and added value of collaboration between the EU agencies in assessing risk and providing technical support to countries as well as in informing policies with evidence-based guidance (3). Experts examined progress and defined common priorities regarding actions to be taken forward at national level (e.g. improvements in screening and prevention coverage) and recognised the key role of monitoring and surveillance for evaluating whether prevention efforts to are adequate to avert outbreaks.","2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,"Meeting reports","Bucharest and Talinn","November 2013","workshop",,,,,,"FALSE","","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2014/emcdda-ecdc","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"9",,,"JH10-6-2 , TL4-10-4 , GH16-12-20-2 , VH , JH10-6 , JB2-4 , MP18-2-8-16","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control > HIV prevention -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > HIV infection -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control - HIV prevention -- Intravenous / injecting drug user -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - HIV infection -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","0","yes" "21728",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control",,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21728",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-20-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21728",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21728",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21728",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21728",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350","25","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/13/50","2014-02-06 09:53:07","2014-02-06 09:53:07","2014-02-06 09:53:06","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA best practice portal: prevention interventions for partygoers.","pub","MC12-8-2","","none",,,,,,,,,"2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","crime_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
This page refers to the current evidence available on the effectiveness of prevention interventions for partygoers. Information on the methodology used and the definition of terms can be found on the methodology page.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/best-practice/prevention/partygoers","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"MC12-8-2 , AN8-4-4 , JC4-4 , LN4 , VA2 , MM8-2 , JG10-4 , JE , JB2-4","MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural aspects of AOD use > Sociocultural drugs and alcohol use > Social drinking -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drinking and driving -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context > Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction","VA Geographic area > International aspects","Sociocultural aspects of AOD use - Sociocultural drugs and alcohol use - Social drinking -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drinking and driving -- Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Social context - Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use -- Crime prevention -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- Prevention programme or service -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction","International aspects","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LN4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21350",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22582","9","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/25/82","2014-09-01 16:04:50","2014-09-01 16:04:50","2014-09-01 16:04:50","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance: 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine (‘MT-45’).","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"In April 2014, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine, commonly known as MT-45. The two organisations concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on MT-45 as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision. Table of contents: • Introduction • Information collection process • Information required by Article 5.2 of the Council Decision • Information from the EMA (Article 5.3 of the Council Decision) • Conclusion • References • Annexes","2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"17 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-745-9",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","yes" "22582",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22098","15","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/20/98","2014-06-13 13:28:01","2014-06-13 13:28:01","2014-06-13 13:28:01","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","General report of activities 2013: Key achievements and governance: a year in review.","pub","JA2","","public",,"annual_report",,,,,,"he General Report of Activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. It catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents Foreword Introduction Part I: Report of activities: key achievements and governance Part II: Management and internal control systems: annual activity report as per the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA Annex 1: EMCDDA Organisational chart Annex 2. Breakdown of EMCDDA staff as of 31 December 2013 Annex 3: Outputs and products Annex 4: Key external events, conferences and meetings, 2013 Annex 5: Implementation of the 2013 work programme by objectives, activities and expected outputs/results Annex 6: Members of the EMCDDA’s statutory bodies Annex 7: Use of the available resources in 2013 Annex 8: Monitoring the implementation of the follow-up action plan to the third external evaluation of the EMCDDA Annex 9: List of acronyms and abbreviations","2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"112 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "22098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23001","14","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/30/01","2014-11-17 10:01:47","2014-11-17 10:02:35","2014-11-17 10:01:47","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Pregnancy and opioid use: strategies for treatment, EMCDDA Papers.","pub","BL","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Illicit opioid consumption during pregnancy brings with it the risk of an increase in obstetric complications for the mother and a range of potential dangers for the child, both before and after birth. The primary goal when treating opioid dependence in pregnant women is to stabilise the patient and psychosocially assisted opioid substitution treatment is the preferred first-line therapy for this group. Several combinations of substitution medicines and psychosocial approaches are available. This paper reviews methadone, buprenorphine and slow-release oral morphine, used in a range of combinations with cognitive behavioural approaches and contingency management in order to identify the strengths of each medicine and method.","2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"34 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","org",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BL , ED4-12 , EE20-4 , JP10 , T10-4-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pregnancy -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pregnancy > Reproductive effects of drugs and alcohol use -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors -- T Demographic characteristics > Pregnant woman",,"Opioids (opiates) -- Pregnancy -- Pregnancy - Reproductive effects of drugs and alcohol use -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors -- Pregnant woman",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "23001",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ED4-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23001",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EE20-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23001",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23001",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"T10-4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22294","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/22/94","2014-07-15 07:47:46","2014-07-15 14:21:33","2014-07-15 07:47:46","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Residential treatment for drug use in Europe.","pub","HK2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"In most European countries, residential treatment programmes form an important element of the range of treatment and rehabilitation options for drug users. The aim of this paper is to provide a Europe-wide overview of the history and availability of residential drug treatment within wider national drug treatment systems. Table of contents: • Summary • Introduction • Historical perspective of residential treatment for drug users • Extent and nature of residential treatment • Treatment elements in residential programmes • Residential treatment clients • Organisational structure of residential treatment • Conclusions","2014","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"31 p.",,,,,"EMCDDA papers",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-742-8",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",," ",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"HK2 , HZ26 , JT14-10 , VH","HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Residential facility","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Treatment outcome -- Residential facility","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "22294",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22294",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT14-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "22294",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21301","10","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/13/01","2014-01-29 10:34:46","2014-01-29 10:34:46","2014-01-29 10:34:46","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","Europol","EMCDDA–Europol Joint report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone).","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on new psychoactive substance MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone), submitted in December 2013 to the Council of the EU, the European Commission and the EMA. After assessing the available evidence, the EMCDDA and Europol concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on MDPV as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Decision. Common names or codenames that have also been reported are: MDPK and metyleenidioksipyrovaleroni (Finnish). The following street names have also been reported: MDPK, Magic, Super coke, Peevee, New Ivory Wave, Kannibaldrogen, Apdamm, Aakkoset (meaning alphabet in Finnish), Bath salt, MP, MP4 and MP3. Finally, the following ‘legal high’ product names have been associated with MDPV: ‘Mojo’, ‘Yellow Submarine’, ‘Ivory Wave’, ‘Vanilla sky’, ‘NRG-3’, ‘Flower magic’, ‘Gumi cucoriedka’, ‘Kamikadze’, ‘Xtacy’, ‘Ivory wave’, ‘Extreme star dust’, ‘Hurricane Charlie’, ‘Dogs bollix’, ‘Doves red’, ‘Doves ultra’, ‘Sextasy’, ‘Orange orbits’, ‘Stardust’, ‘Blow’, ‘Recharge’, ‘Charge+’, ‘Lucky’, ‘Generation 2012’, ‘EL PADRINO’ (translation: the Godfather), ‘Coco Jumbo’, ‘Cherry Coco Jumbo’, ‘SUNRISE’, ‘TECHNO’, ‘Greenway Speedway’, ‘DANA’, ‘OLGA’, ‘LENA’, ‘EVA’, ‘CLARA’, ‘MARKETA’ and ‘JANA’.","2014","published",,"Europol",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","Lisbon",,"54 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-report/MDPV","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances","Europe","Europol Europol , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21301",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21060","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/10/60","2013-12-13 10:12:29","2013-12-13 10:20:23","2013-12-13 10:12:29","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Laniel","Laurent","","","","Laniel:Laurent::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug squads: units specialised in drug law enforcement in Europe.","pub","MO","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Drug law enforcement activity targets the supply of drugs and is responsible for much of the key data that informs our understanding of drugs supply in Europe. This study looks, for the first time, at how drug law enforcement is organised in European countries. Table of contents: • Key findings • Introduction • Background, objectives and methods • Key figures and institutional affiliations • Mandates and supervision • Conclusions • References • Annex • Acknowledgements","2013-12","published",,"Laniel Laurent",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"38 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-674-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/drug-squads","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO , MM8-2 , MM20-10-6 , MM20-10-4-4 , MM2-2 , VH , MO4-6","MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime prevention -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime -- MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Law enforcement agency","VA Geographic area > Europe","Law enforcement and the justice system -- Crime prevention -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime -- Justice system - Law enforcement agency","Europe","Laniel Laurent , Kasecker Rainer , Groshkova Teodora , Carpentier Chloe , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "21060",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Kasecker","Rainer","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MM8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21060",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Groshkova","Teodora","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21060",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Carpentier","Chloe","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21060",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21060",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21060",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MO4-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21061","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/10/61","2013-12-13 10:12:52","2013-12-13 10:19:18","2013-12-13 10:12:52","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Montanari","Linda","","","","Montanari:Linda::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Co-morbid substance use and mental disorders in Europe: a review of the data.","pub","GA2-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Identifying the co-occurrence of drug use and mental health disorders in the same individuals is essential for effective treatment of their drug use problems. Reviewing the available information on psychiatric co-morbidity among drug users in European countries, the paper shows that there is a need to establish guidelines to collect comparable information across Europe. Table of contents: • Introduction • Sources of information • Prevalence and nature of co-morbidity • Prisoners: an example of a vulnerable group • Limitations • Annex • References • Acknowledgements","2013-12","published",,"Montanari Linda",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"12 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-671-1",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/co-morbidity","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"GA2-4 , GC12 , VH , GD2","G Health and disease > State of health > Mental health -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol related disorder > Dual diagnosis (comorbidity) -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol related disorder > Drugs and alcohol related mental disorder","VA Geographic area > Europe","State of health - Mental health -- Drugs and alcohol related disorder - Dual diagnosis (comorbidity) -- Drugs and alcohol related disorder - Drugs and alcohol related mental disorder","Europe","Montanari Linda , Pasinetti Manuala , Thanki Danica , Vicente Julian , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Pasinetti","Manuala","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"GC12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Thanki","Danica","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Vicente","Julian","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"GD2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21063","20","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/10/63","2013-12-13 10:13:04","2014-04-09 22:08:32","2013-12-13 10:13:04","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"O’Gorman","Aileen","","","","O’Gorman:Aileen::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe.","pub","LC2-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This study explores the civil society organisations that engage in drug policy advocacy in Europe. An Internet search in English, French and Spanish combined with information from national sources in 30 countries identified 218 organisations actively seeking to influence drug policy. The paper categorises the organisations, looking at their advocacy objectives and orientations, how they pursue these, and at what political levels they operate. Table of contents: • Summary • Introduction • Advocacy • Identifying and categorising advocacy organisations • Overview of advocacy organisations in Europe • Exploring the forms of advocacy organisations in Europe • Advocacy organisations operating at the European or international level • Conclusions • Annex • References • Acknowledgements","2013-12","published",,"O’Gorman Aileen",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"24 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-661-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/advocacy","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LC2-4 , MP14-10 , TL4 , MP18-2 , VH","L Social psychology and related concepts > Interpersonal interaction and group dynamics > Social support -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Political process > Advocacy -- T Demographic characteristics > Drug user -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Interpersonal interaction and group dynamics - Social support -- Political process - Advocacy -- Drug user -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","O’Gorman Aileen , Quigley Eoghan , Zobel Frank , Moore Kerri , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "21063",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Quigley","Eoghan","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MP14-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21063",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Zobel","Frank","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21063",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Moore","Kerri","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21063",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059","27","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/10/59","2013-12-13 10:12:41","2014-04-09 22:08:32","2013-12-13 10:12:41","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Quigley","Eoghan","","","","Quigley:Eoghan::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug supply reduction and internal security policies in the European Union: an overview.","pub","MP18-2-8-10","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The production and trafficking of illicit drugs poses complex and interlinked problems, which have a negative impact on public health and the security and stability of society. Focusing on actions directed at the EU’s internal security situation, this paper elaborates who is involved in setting policy, what legal and funding basis for action has been established, and what the main priorities are. Table of contents: • Summary • Introduction • Institutional arrangements • Legislation and financial programmes • Policy framework • Conclusions • Abbreviations • References • Acknowledgements","2013-12","published",,"Quigley Eoghan",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"30 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-675-9",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/emcdda-papers/sr-internal-security","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MP18-2-8-10 , MO , MM8-2 , VQ6 , MM20-10-4-4 , MM20-10-6 , MM2-2 , VH","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy -- MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime prevention -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy -- Law enforcement and the justice system -- Crime prevention -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime","Europe - European Union -- Europe","Quigley Eoghan , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MO",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21059",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773","29","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/07/73","2013-10-22 08:54:37","2013-11-07 08:24:33","2013-10-22 08:54:37","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Brotherhood","Angelina","","","","Brotherhood:Angelina::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European drug prevention quality standards: a quick guide.","pub","JG","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The aim of this ‘quick guide’ is to make practical information on prevention quality standards available outside the European Union. A condensed version of EMCDDA Manual 7, it includes a description of the eight stages involved in the drug prevention cycle, along with a self-reflection checklist that can be used when planning and implementing prevention activities. It has been designed for practitioners and those working in the field. • The standards and checklists Cross-cutting considerations Project stage 1: Needs assessment Project stage 2: Resource assessment Project stage 3: Programme formulation Project stage 4: Intervention design Project stage 5: Management and mobilisation of resources Project stage 6: Delivery and monitoring Project stage 7: Final evaluations Project stage 8: Dissemination and improvement • Self-reflection: action plan","2013-10","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"38 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general","978-92-9168-665-0",,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16505/","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JG , NM6-2 , MQ8-10 , JC , JA8-4 , JB2 , JE , VH , MQ6-2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Needs assessment -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Organisational development > Workforce / staff skills and training","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevention approach -- Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Basic prevention categories -- Risk and needs assessment - Needs assessment -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Prevention programme or service -- Organisational development - Workforce / staff skills and training","Europe","Brotherhood Angelina , Sumnall Harry , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Sumnall","Harry","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"NM6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20773",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20551","13","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/05/51","2013-09-17 10:07:40","2013-09-17 10:07:40","2013-09-17 10:07:40","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA welcomes European Commission call for stronger EU action on new drugs.",,"BN","","public",,,,,,,,"The EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) welcomes the European Commission's proposal today to strengthen the EU’s response to new psychoactive substances (‘new drugs’)(1). The proposal follows an unprecedented rise in the number of new drugs detected in Europe in recent years and a Commission review of the EU’s current legal mechanism for monitoring and acting on these new substances (2).","2013-09-17",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2013/11","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"BN , MN20-12 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws > Drug laws","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol laws - Drug laws","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "20551",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20551",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20077","25","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/00/77","2013-06-27 07:19:03","2013-11-25 10:05:04","2013-06-27 07:19:03","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Models of addiction.","pub","HK2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Table of contents Foreword Acknowledgements Executive summary Chapter 1: Background, scope and aims Chapter 2: Defining addiction Chapter 3: Summarising theories and models of addiction — methods Chapter 4: Modelling in the individual Chapter 5: Modelling populations Chapter 6: Towards a comprehensive theory of addiction Chapter 7: Implications of theory for assessment and measurement of addiction and related constructs Chapter 8: Implications of the comprehensive theory for intervention strategies Chapter 9: Implications for policy and practice References","2013-06","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"166 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"review","aod_disorder","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","5137","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref: EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"HK2 , AJ , GA8 , GA6-6 , JB2 , VH , MP18-2","HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Theory of drugs and alcohol use -- G Health and disease > Disease model -- G Health and disease > Disorder classification -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Theory of drugs and alcohol use -- Disease model -- Disorder classification -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "20077",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AJ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5138",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20077",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20077",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20077",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20077",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20077",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21978","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/19/78","2014-05-28 09:32:07","2014-05-28 09:32:08","2014-05-28 09:32:07","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Perspectives on drugs: Can mass media campaigns prevent young people from using drugs?","pub","JB2","","public",,,,,,,,"The use of mass media campaigns in drug prevention is both relatively common and not without controversy. Both policymakers and practitioners have hotly debated the effectiveness of such campaigns to reduce young people’s drug use or their intention to use. This analysis aims to contribute to the debate via a review of available evidence on the topic. 1. Analysis 2. Interactive map 3. Terms and definitions 4. Background theories","2013-05","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"5 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/mass-media-campaigns","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JB2 , JC4-4 , JG10-4 , ND14 , TA14 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- N Communication, information and education > Information use and impact -- T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- Information use and impact -- Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "21978",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21978",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21978",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21978",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "21978",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915","40","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/99/15","2013-05-28 08:47:53","2014-05-29 08:49:10","2013-05-28 08:47:53","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European drug report 2013: trends and developments.","pub","AA2-4","","public",,"annual_report",,,,,,"The Trends and developments report presents a top-level overview of the drug phenomenon in Europe, covering drug supply, use and public health problems as well as drug policy and responses. Together with the online Statistical bulletin, Country overviews and Perspectives on drugs, it makes up the 2013 European Drug Report package. Table of contents • Preface • Introductory note and acknowledgements • Summary: Old and new drug problems — the European landscape in 2013 • Chapter 1: Drug supply in Europe • Chapter 2: Drug use and drug-related problems • Chapter 3: Responding to drugs • Chapter 4: Drug policies • Annex: National data tables","2013-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"80 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-611-7",,,,,,,,"","","5105","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/edr2013","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"AA2-4 , MM20-10-8 , VH4-2 , HK2 , PB6-12-2 , BN , BA , MM20-10-4-4 , MM20 , JP24-4 , JB2 , VH , MP18-2 , AA2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Drugs and alcohol in general -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Rehabilitation -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death -- New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol in general -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Drugs and alcohol offence -- Rehabilitation -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe - Ireland -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5106",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"PB6-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP24-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19915",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19713","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/97/13","2013-04-19 08:16:46","2013-04-19 08:16:46","2013-04-19 08:16:46","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug prevention interventions targeting minority ethnic populations: issues raised by 33 case studies.","pub","JC4-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This Thematic paper contains the results of a study that examined drug prevention interventions for minority ethnic populations in 29 European countries. A total of 33 interventions were reported to the study and the issues they raise are presented and discussed in the paper. The results will inform the EMCDDA’s plans for 2013–15 in terms of monitoring drug prevention interventions particularly in three areas: data collection, design and quality, and the dissemination of knowledge. Table of contents Introduction Methods Responses Assessing needs: sources of information Meeting needs Generic and specialist services Cultural competence Sustainability Monitoring and evaluation Establishing and maintaining a database of drug prevention interventions for minority ethnic populations Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3","2013-04","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"115 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-600-1",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/thematic-papers/prevention-minority-ethnic-populations","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JC4-4 , MI10 , JB2 , JA6-6 , RD8-4 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural discrimination concepts > Minority group (racial group, immigrant, Traveller) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > risk factors -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study","VA Geographic area > Europe","Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Sociocultural discrimination concepts - Minority group (racial group, immigrant, Traveller) -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Risk and protective factors - risk factors -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "19713",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MI10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19713",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19713",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19713",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19713",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19453","17","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/94/53","2013-03-08 09:11:31","2013-03-08 09:11:31","2013-03-08 09:11:31","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","New drug 4-MA to be placed under control across the EU.",,"BN","","none",,,,,,,,"Europe has responded today to concerns over the use of the stimulant drug 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA) by subjecting it to ‘control measures and criminal penalties’ throughout the Union. The Decision of the Council of the EU (1) was adopted in the final stage of the three-step legal procedure designed to respond to potentially threatening new psychoactive drugs entering the market (2). The Council Decision is based on the findings of a formal risk-assessment report on 4-MA produced in 2012 by the extended Scientific Committee of the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA), with participation of additional experts from the EU Member States, European Commission, Europol and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (3). The report, submitted to the Commission and Council in November 2012, assessed the health and social risks of the drug as well as international trafficking and the involvement of organised crime. 4-MA belongs to the group of synthetic phenethylamines and is closely related to amphetamine. It has no established medical value and has no known legitimate purpose, aside from limited use in scientific research.The drug appears to be sold on the illicit market as amphetamine, being frequently mixed with it. Available information suggests that it is produced and distributed by the same organised crime groups involved in the manufacture and trafficking of amphetamine. The Council Decision states that the evidence available provides ‘sufficient grounds for subjecting 4-methyl-amphetamine to control measures across the Union’. Reasons for the conclusion include: the drug’s strong similarity to amphetamine and the health risks it poses. The risk-assessment report detailed 21 fatalities (4) in four EU Member States (Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, UK), where 4-MA was detected in post-mortem samples, either alone or in combination with other substances (particularly amphetamine). The adverse effects of 4-MA include: hyperthermia, hypertension, anorexia, nausea, paranoia and anxiety. Eight EU Member States (Denmark, Germany, Ireland, France, Cyprus, Lithuania, Netherlands, UK) already control 4-MA under drug control legislation (four doing so via generic legislation on phenethylamines). In addition, two countries (Hungary and Austria) have introduced new legal frameworks to prohibit the unauthorised supply of individual or groups of substances (4-MA is controlled under the generic definition of phenethylamines). One Member State (Finland) controls the drug under medicines legislation.","2013-03-07",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2013/2","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"BN , BT , VH , LY4","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- Legal availability or accessibility","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "19453",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19453",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19453",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19452","19","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/94/52","2013-03-08 08:45:54","2013-03-08 08:45:54","2013-03-08 08:45:54","video",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Women and drug use in Europe.","pub","T10-4","","none",,,,,,,,"For most people affected by drug use problem, there are family members who are affected also. The negative consequence can be more serious when it is a mother who is using drugs.","2013-03","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6XzSzyvSyE&feature=youtu.be","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/women","web",,"","","Video",,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"16",,,"T10-4 , JP10 , TE2 , LG2-6 , VH , GC , LG18","T Demographic characteristics > Woman (women / female) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors -- T Demographic characteristics > Gender differences -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family and drugs and alcohol > Drugs and alcohol related family problems -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations","VA Geographic area > Europe","Woman (women / female) -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors -- Gender differences -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family and drugs and alcohol - Drugs and alcohol related family problems -- Drugs and alcohol disorder -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "19452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TE2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG18",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19396","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/93/96","2013-03-01 08:48:11","2013-03-04 10:58:36","2013-03-01 08:48:11","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug policy profiles — Ireland.","pub","PN4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The national drug policy of Ireland comes under the spotlight in the second volume in the EMCDDA series of Drug policy profiles. Examining the evolution of Irish drug policy through four periods of historic development, the report explores: the country’s national strategies; the legal context within which they operate; the public funds spent, or committed, to implement them; and the political bodies and mechanisms set up to coordinate the response to the problem. The profile sets this information in context by outlining the size, wealth and economic situation of the country as a whole, as well as the historical development of the current policy. Also described is the manner in which events in Ireland bear similarities with, and differences from, developments in other European countries. Contents: • Introduction • Developing Irish drug control, 1921–1979 • Heroin use and the road towards a new drug policy, 1980–1995 • Changing policy frames and responses, 1996–2008 • Extending the policy, 2009–2012 • Conclusions • References","2013-02","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"44 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-566-0",,,,,,,,"","","5090","","available","","","","","",,,"REF EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-policy-profiles/ireland","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"PN4 , VH4-2 , MQ8-2 , MN20-12 , MP18-2","P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Drugs and alcohol history -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme planning (strategy) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws > Drug laws -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Drugs and alcohol history -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme planning (strategy) -- Drugs and alcohol laws - Drug laws -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe - Ireland","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "19396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5091",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19396",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227","30","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/92/27","2013-01-31 12:18:22","2013-01-31 12:21:22","2013-01-31 12:18:22","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis.","pub","BK","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The EU drug markets report is the first comprehensive overview of illicit drug markets in the European Union. It covers issues such as production, consumer markets, trafficking, organised crime and policy responses, along with a review of the markets for heroin, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy and new psychoactive substances. It concludes with concrete action points for the areas where the current EU response to the drug market and its consequent harms may be improved. An essential reference tool for law enforcement professionals, policymakers, the academic community and the general public, the report combines Europol’s strategic and operational understanding of trends and developments in organised crime with the EMCDDA’s ongoing monitoring and analysis of the drug phenomenon in Europe and beyond. Table of contents • Foreword • Introduction • Acknowledgements • At a glance • Chapter 1: Context • Chapter 2: Heroin • Chapter 3: Cocaine • Chapter 4: Cannabis • Chapter 5: Amphetamine • Chapter 6: Methamphetamine • Chapter 7: Ecstasy • Chapter 8: New psychoactive substances • Chapter 9: Issues in focus • Chapter 10: Conclusions and recommendations • References • Abbreviations","2013-01","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"160 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-595-0",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/drug-markets","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BK , MM8-2 , BL2 , VQ6 , B6 , BJ2-6 , BN , BJ2-2 , BJ2-8-2 , MM20-10-6 , MM12 , MM2-2-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime prevention -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Heroin -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Methamphetamine -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > MDMA > Ecstasy -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Organised crime -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Cocaine -- Crime prevention -- Opioids (opiates) - Heroin -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- CNS stimulants - Methamphetamine -- New psychoactive substances -- CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- CNS stimulants - MDMA - Ecstasy -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Organised crime -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"MM8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-51_en.htm",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19227",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098","26","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/90/98","2013-01-10 09:08:33","2014-04-09 22:05:05","2013-01-10 09:08:33","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Commission","The second European conference on drug supply indicators: conclusions of the Chairs.","pub","MO","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The EMCDDA and the European Commission have been asked to prepare a proposal for key indicators for the drug supply area. Two technical conferences supported by expert working groups in three areas (drug markets, drug supply reduction and drug-related crime) recognised that: · we should build on the ongoing work in this area at the national, European and International level, adopting a developmental approach coherent with national realities and needs; · routine reporting needs at EU level should be based upon a restricted set of core data.","2013","published",,"European Commission",,"","",,,,,,"Council of the European Union","Bruxelles",,"5 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.consilium.europa.eu/homepage","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO , MM20-10-8 , MN20-12 , MM20-10-6 , MM20-10-4-4 , VH , MM2-2-2 , MM12","MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws > Drug laws -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- MM-MO Crime and law > Organised crime","VA Geographic area > Europe","Law enforcement and the justice system -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- Drugs and alcohol laws - Drug laws -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution -- Organised crime","Europe","European Commission European Commission , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"MM20-10-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19098",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20996","15","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/09/96","2013-11-29 14:55:40","2013-11-29 14:55:40","2013-11-29 14:55:40","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug-related infectious diseases.","pub","GH16","","none",,,,,,,,"This key indicator collects data on the extent of infectious diseases — primarily HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection — among people who inject drugs (injecting drug users or IDUs). The data is collected from IDUs each calendar year using two main methods. These are: (a) surveys of IDUs that include serological testing and (b) the monitoring of routine diagnostic testing for HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection among IDUs. These two sources are the most useful as they can provide data on the proportion of those tested who are infected (i.e. prevalence). Repeated collection of data over time allows examination of trends in prevalence, whilst collection of data from young or new users can provide an insight into current levels of transmission (i.e. incidence). In addition to the prevalence data, data on case reports of new diagnosis, such as data from national HIV case reporting and notification systems of hepatitis B and C, also provides useful information. The collection of infectious diseases data is undertaken by the EMCDDA in close collaboration with the EU Member States and the ECDC and WHO. Guidance on how this data should be collected has been produced by the EMCDDA. In addition, the data can be used to generate indirect estimates of the incidence, prevalence and trends in drug injecting (see the EMCDDA key indicator on problem drug use).","2013",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/themes/key-indicators/drid","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"GH16 , JH10-6-2 , GH16-12-20-2 , VH , JB2-4","G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control > HIV prevention -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > HIV infection -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction","VA Geographic area > Europe","Disorder by cause - Communicable disease -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control - HIV prevention -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - HIV infection -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "20996",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20996",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-20-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20996",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20996",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093","24","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/00/93","2013-07-01 08:24:42","2013-07-01 14:44:47","2013-07-01 08:24:42","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol 2012 Annual report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (New drugs in Europe, 2012.","pub","GC4","","public",,"annual_report",,,,,,"This report presents the key activities performed by the EMCDDA and Europol in 2012 and includes details of all the relevant activities in support of the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances. Table of contents • Introduction and background • Implementation arrangements and cooperation with the EU Pharmacovigilance system • Formal activities • Epidemiology and new approaches • Production and distribution of new psychoactive substances • Conclusions • Annexes","2013","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"44 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-650-6",,,,,,,,"","","5110","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2012","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"GC4 , BE4 , BL2 , JA6-6 , BN , VH , AA2 , MR2-8-4","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Drug use > Drug intoxication -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Heroin -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > risk factors -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder - Drug use - Drug intoxication -- Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- Opioids (opiates) - Heroin -- Risk and protective factors - risk factors -- New psychoactive substances -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"BE4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5111",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20093",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19242","19","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/92/42","2013-02-05 09:33:33","2013-02-05 09:33:33","2013-02-05 09:33:33","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole.","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"At the end of September 2012, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole (commonly known by the abbreviation ‘5-IT’), through a joint assessment. The two organisations concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. Table of contents Introduction Information collection process Information required by Article 5.2 of the Decision Information from the EMA as requested by Article 5.3 of the Decision Summary of findings Conclusions Annexes Annex 1 — Main information sources Annex 2 — Details of seizures and collected samples of 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole (5-IT) reported to the EMCDDA Annex 3 — Deaths associated with 5-(2-aminopropylindole(5-IT) reported to the EMCDDA","2013",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"EMCDDA–Europol","Luxembourg",,"38 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-596-7",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-reports/5-IT","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , MM20-10-8 , MM20-10-4-4 , JA6-6 , VH , MM2-2-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > risk factors -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Risk and protective factors - risk factors -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "19242",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"MM20-10-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19242",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19242",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19242",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19242",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19623","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/96/23","2013-03-28 10:29:21","2013-03-28 10:29:21","2013-03-28 10:29:21","conference_item",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European exchange on Brief Interventions and Motivational Interviewing for people using drugs.","pub","HZ2-2-2","","none",,,"paper",,,,,"The EMCDDA page provides the minutes and four presentations from a meeting held to discuss brief interventions and motivational interviewing for people using drugs. ‘Early intervention’ is repeatedly mentioned in EU drugs strategies and is supported by evidence especially for alcohol users, but little is known about how and for which target groups it is actually being used in member states. Little known are also the possibilities of using established techniques for alcohol users like Brief Intervention and Motivational Interviewing in other settings and for users of other substances, even though a recent review found some evidence in reducing substance use if compared with no intervention. Policy makers and professionals might need to know more about how to implement these strategies in larger scale and about the obstacles to be expected when passing scientific findings into practice. The EMCDDA invited experts with experiences related to each of those questions. The objectives of the meeting were to share views and experience on • implementation barriers and effects, including issues of fidelity; • transferability to other settings and organisational contexts; • applicability for substances other than alcohol, above all cannabis and new drugs; • roll-out within primary health or prevention systems; • transferability across countries; • use in street work and outreach work settings.","2013",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,"European exchange meeting","Lisbon","23 January 2013","workshop",,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index197136EN.html","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"9",,,"HZ2-2-2 , HZ8-20 , HZ , VH","HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Individual therapy > Brief intervention -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Motivational interviewing -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Psychosocial treatment method - Individual therapy - Brief intervention -- Psychosocial treatment method - Motivational interviewing -- Psychosocial treatment method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "19623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ8-20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20016","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/00/16","2013-06-13 13:15:17","2013-06-13 13:15:17","2013-06-13 13:15:17","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","General report of activities 2012.","pub","JA2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General Report of Activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. It catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents • Foreword • Introduction • Part I: Report of activities: key achievements and governance • Part II: Management and internal control systems • Annex 1: EMCDDA Organisational chart • Annex 2: Breakdown of EMCDDA staff as of 31 December 2012 • Annex 3: Outputs and products • Annex 4: Key external events, conferences and meetings, 2012 [PDF] • Annex 5: Implementation of the 2012 work programme [PDF] • Annex 6: Members of the EMCDDA’s statutory bodies • Annex 7: Use of the available resources in 2012 • Annex 8: List of acronyms and abbreviations","2013","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"107 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-657-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/general-report-of-activities/2012","org",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "20016",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20061","16","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/00/61","2013-06-24 06:57:50","2013-06-24 06:57:50","2013-06-24 06:57:50","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","North American drug prevention programmes: are they feasible in European cultures and contexts?","pub","VD","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Some commentators argue that programmes developed in North America (Canada and the US) are unlikely to work in European countries, due to differing cultural contexts and because most of the evidence for their effectiveness comes from North America. This Thematic paper presents experiences of adapting and implementing four innovative and proven North American drug prevention programmes in Europe, showing the clear potential of transferring such programmes and avoiding the cliché of culture as a barrier to implementation.","2013","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"52 p.",,,,,"doi: 10.2810/41791",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-604-9",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VD , JG , JE , VH , VC4","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service","VA Geographic area > United States -- VA Geographic area > Europe -- VA Geographic area > Canada","Prevention approach -- Prevention programme or service","United States -- Europe -- Canada","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "20061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "20061",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VC4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19244","11","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/92/44","2013-02-05 10:22:57","2013-02-05 10:22:57","2013-02-05 10:22:57","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Work programme 2013.","pub","JA2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This is the first of the three annual work programmes required to implement the activities and commitments set out in the EMCDDA’s new strategy for the 2013–15 period. The central challenge for the EMCDDA is to continue to deliver high-quality analyses on established topics at the same time as extending its work in less developed but strategically important areas. As the European drug problem evolves, the EMCDDA must also ensure that its tools and approaches keep pace with developments and remain fit for purpose. Table of contents Introduction and summary of key outputs Main areas of work in 2013 Cooperation and collaboration with key partners Supporting the achievement of results Annex I: Potential risk factors Annex II: Estimated allocation/use of the appropriations provided under the EMCDDA 2013 budget for the implementation of the EMCDDA 2013 work programme Annex III: List of the national focal points’ beneficiaries of the Reitox grant Annex IV: Template of the 2013 Reitox grant agreement List of abbreviations and acronyms","2013",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"76 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-597-4",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/work-programmes/2013","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "19244",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19003","20","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/90/03","2012-12-14 15:05:43","2012-12-14 15:05:43","2012-12-14 15:05:43","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines. New EMCDDA report reveals risks of substance use behind the wheel.",,"BN","","none",,,,,,,,"The use of illicit drugs and psychoactive medicines amongst drivers, particularly when combined with alcohol, is described today in a new report from the EU drugs agency(EMCDDA. The ‘state of the art’ review presents the results of the largest research project ever carried out in the EU on Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines (the ‘DRUID’ project), which ran between 2006 and 2011. Around 30 000 people die in traffic accidents in the EU every year, with alcohol still the number one substance endangering lives on Europe’s roads (around one quarter of road deaths). The European Commission funded the DRUID project in order to assess the scale of Europe’s drink- and drug-driving problem and contribute key evidence to road safety policy. It culminated in 50 project reports, running to several thousand pages. The new 50-page EMCDDA review summarises the findings of these reports. For the first time using comparable data, the project drew a map of the drink- and drug-driving problem across 13 European countries (Figure 2). Over 50 000 car and van drivers were tested in random roadside surveys for traces of 25 substances, including illicit drugs, alcohol and medicines. Alcohol was detected in 3.5 % of drivers, illicit drugs in 1.9 % and medicines in 1.4 %. Mixtures of drugs or medicines were found in 0.39 % of those stopped and combinations of alcohol with drugs or medicines in 0.37 %. A series of project recommendations are made to counter driving impaired by substance use. The roadside surveys revealed cannabis (THC) to be the most frequently detected illicit drug in drivers, followed by cocaine and amphetamines. Meanwhile, benzodiazepines were the most frequently found medicine, with medicinal opioids less common. Across Europe, the prevalence of alcohol, cocaine, cannabis and combined substance use was found to be higher in southern and western regions. Medicinal opioids were detected more in northern Europe, while substance use was relatively low in most of the eastern region. Alcohol and drugs were found more often in male drivers, while medicines were identified mainly in middle-aged and older female drivers. Commenting today Wolfgang Götz, EMCDDA Director, said: ‘The DRUID project has given policymakers the best available scientific evidence on levels of drug and alcohol use in drivers and the responses available today to improve road safety in Europe. The EMCDDA is proud to be associated with this project, which has set the standard for assessing drug driving in European countries in order to design more effective solutions in future’. Also examined in the study were data from nine countries on drivers seriously injured or killed in traffic accidents. In sharp contrast to the results of the roadside tests, between a quarter and a half of drivers involved in crashes in these countries (28 % to 53 %) tested positive for one or more psychoactive substance (Figure 3). Overall, 24.4 % of the injured driver population and 31.7 % of the killed driver population tested positive for alcohol, around 70 % of these being severely intoxicated (blood alcohol content 1.2 g/l). Among those testing positive for alcohol, the highest percentage of seriously injured drivers was found in Belgium and the highest percentage of drivers killed in accidents found in Portugal. Among those testing positive for cannabis, the highest percentage of seriously injured drivers was again found in Belgium and the highest percentage of drivers killed in accidents in Norway. Cocaine use appeared to be more common in southern Europe.","2012-12-14",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2012/13","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"BN , AN8-4-4 , MN32 , MN32-2 , BT6-2 , VH , AN8-4","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drinking and driving -- MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) > Drinking-and-driving laws -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drinking and driving -- Transportation safety laws (driving) -- Transportation safety laws (driving) - Drinking-and-driving laws -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "19003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942","27","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/69/42","2012-02-09 09:14:30","2013-02-01 12:15:42","2012-02-09 09:14:30","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Standards and guidelines for practices. Web resource.","pub","HK2","","none",,,,,,,,"This page contains a listing of national drug prevention guidelines and standards in Europe. The title, the methodological basis and the types of treatment covered by each guideline are provided, along with a download link where available.","2012-12",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_disorder_treatment_method","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/themes/best-practice/standards","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"HK2 , NM6-2 , JM , JA2 , JB2-4 , JS , JU10 , JB2 , VH","HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Patient care management -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care delivery -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care administration > Health care quality control -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Patient care management -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Health care delivery -- Health care administration - Health care quality control -- Drugs and alcohol prevention","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"NM6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JS",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JU10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16942",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18976","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/89/76","2012-12-11 13:01:07","2012-12-11 13:01:07","2012-12-11 13:01:07","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Buster","Marcel","","","","Buster:Marcel::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Mortality among drug users: guidelines for carrying out, analysing and reporting key figures 2011–12.","pub","PB6-12-2","","public",,"other",,,,"EMCDDA standard protocol to collect data and report figures for the mortality component of the Key indicator ‘Drug-Related Deaths (DRD) and mortality among drug users’ by the Standard Table 18.",,"Drug-related mortality is a complex phenomenon, which accounts for a considerable percentage of deaths among young people in many European countries. The EMCDDA, in collaboration with national experts, has defined an epidemiological indicator with two components at present: deaths directly caused by illegal drugs (drug-induced deaths) and mortality rates among problem drug users. These two components can fulfil several public health and methodological objectives, notably as an indicator of the overall health impact of drug use and the components of this impact. This standard protocol focuses on the second component (mortality). It provides national focal points and experts with a guide for carrying out,analysing and reporting to the EMCDDA the key figures on mortality among drug users. It describes the features of the Fonte web-based interface which allow the Member States to report their mortality data to the EMCDDA. Each centre must adopt specific and effective procedures to ensure the absolute confidentiality of the information gathered and that the appropriate legislation on data protection, ethical approval and consent are respected. Table of contents: • Introduction/objectives • Carrying out mortality studies among drug users • Data analysis: rates, confidence intervals and adjustment for differences in age distribution • Strengths and limitations • References","2012-11",,,"Buster Marcel",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"31 p.",,,,,"EMCDDA project CT.10:EPI.003",,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/scientific-studies/2012/mortallity-cohorts","web",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"PB6-12-2 , RP , RQ8 , VH","P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death -- R Research > Data collection method -- R Research > Data analysis method > Quantitative data analysis","VA Geographic area > Europe","Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death -- Data collection method -- Data analysis method - Quantitative data analysis","Europe","Buster Marcel , Giraudon Isabelle , Matias Joao , Vicente Julian , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18976",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Giraudon","Isabelle","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"RP",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18976",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Matias","Joao","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"RQ8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18976",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Vicente","Julian","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18784","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/87/84","2012-11-19 13:28:00","2012-11-19 13:28:00","2012-11-19 13:28:00","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Prisons and drugs in Europe: the problem and responses.","pub","MO4-12-2","","none",,,,,,,,"This Selected issue starts off by reviewing the available data on drug use among prison populations in Europe, focusing on injecting drug use and other health risk behaviours. Major health risks for drug-using prisoners, including blood-borne infections and infections that can affect all prisoners equally, such as tuberculosis, are discussed. Also mentioned is the role of prison environments, where overcrowding and unsanitary conditions are not uncommon, and the higher-than-average occurrence of psychiatric problems among prisoners. The first section concludes by describing the increased risk of death among prisoners, both in custody and after release. The second part of the report focuses on responses to the health needs of drug-using prisoners in European countries. The study looks at how the internationally recognised rights of prisoners and the European and international rules that set standards for the care of prisoners apply to those with drug problems. The administration of prison healthcare in European countries is examined, and national policies are reviewed. This is followed by an overview of the available information on drug-related service provision in Europe, from prison entry to prison release, addressing counselling, treatment of drug dependence and the prevention of infectious diseases and drug overdose. Table of contents • The context: prisoners in Europe • Drug use among the prison population • Health of drug-using prisoners • Mortality among prisoners using drugs • The European context • Responsibility for prison health in the European countries • Drug-related prison health policies • Provision of drug-related health services in prison • Release preparation and throughcare • Conclusions","2012-11","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"36 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_disorder_treatment_method","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,"978-92-9168-561-5",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/prison","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"MO4-12-2 , JT8_10_4 , TV6-2 , JP24-4 , VH , TU8-8-4","MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Prison-based health service -- T Demographic characteristics > Offender -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Rehabilitation -- T Demographic characteristics > Prison Inmate (prisoner)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Health care programme or facility - Prison-based health service -- Offender -- Rehabilitation -- Prison Inmate (prisoner)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18784",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT8_10_4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"crime_prevention",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18784",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TV6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"rehabilitation",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18784",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP24-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_use_harm_reduction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18784",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18784",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TU8-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783","22","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/87/83","2012-11-19 13:18:18","2012-11-19 13:18:18","2012-11-19 13:18:18","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","2012 Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","BK","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policymakers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Commentary • Policies and laws • Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview • Cannabis • Amphetamines, ecstasy, hallucinogens, GHB and ketamine • Cocaine and crack cocaine • Opioid use and drug injection • Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths • New drugs and emerging trends","2012-11","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"104 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1609-6150",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2012","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BK , BE4 , JA2 , BL , MP18-2 , VH , B6 , AA2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cocaine -- Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Opioids (opiates) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BE4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18783",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18787","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/87/87","2012-11-19 13:27:03","2012-11-19 13:27:03","2012-11-19 13:27:03","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Prevalence of daily cannabis use in the European Union and Norway.","pub","BE4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report brings together, for the first time in Europe, an integrated overview of the prevalence of intensive cannabis use, defined as daily or almost daily cannabis use (use on 20 or more days in the month preceding survey). Self-reported data regarding frequency of cannabis use from large, probabilistic, nationally representative samples of general population surveys from 20 countries, representing more than 83 % of the population of EU and Norway, were collected through two rounds of ad hoc data collection in 2004 and 2007 and through a routine, standard data collection instrument since 2010. Table of contents Introductory note Executive summary • Introduction • Methodology and data collection • Results • Discussion: strengths and limitations of the data on daily cannabis use in Europe • References","2012-11","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"24 p,",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978929168562",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/thematic-papers/daily-cannabis-use","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BE4 , B6 , VH , AA2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18787",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18787",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18787",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18596","26","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/85/96","2012-10-15 14:33:11","2015-04-21 14:04:14","2012-10-15 14:33:11","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Sumnall","Harry","","","",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Social reintegration and employment: evidence and interventions for drug users in treatment.","pub","AH18","","public",,,,,,,,"In order to help drug users become full members of society following treatment, measures are needed that address the issues of housing, education, vocational training and employment as part of their recovery. This report considers existing interventions targeting this vulnerable social group. It also provides a set of conclusions targeted at policymakers and drug practitioners, in order to help them develop coherent and comprehensive social integration strategies. Examples of ‘what works’ in practice are a vital first step in developing evidence-based guidelines for future interventions. Table of contents: • Foreword • Acknowledgements • Executive summary • Part I: The need for social reintegration • Part II: Approaches to promote social reintegration • Part III: Conclusions • References","2012-10","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"208 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","rehabilitation","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,"978-92-9168-557-8",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","5082","","received","","","","","",,,"REF EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"AH18 , LW4 , JP24-4-1 , JP10 , VH , JT8_8_2 , MU6-4","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Natural history of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol recovery -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Inclusion and exclusion -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Rehabilitation > Vocational rehabilitation (employment / occupation) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care programme or facility > Community-based treatment (primary care) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Labour and work > Employment and unemployment","VA Geographic area > Europe","Natural history of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol recovery -- Inclusion and exclusion -- Rehabilitation - Vocational rehabilitation (employment / occupation) -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors -- Health care programme or facility - Community-based treatment (primary care) -- Labour and work - Employment and unemployment","Europe","Sumnall Harry , Brotherhood Angelina , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "18596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Brotherhood","Angelina","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"LW4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5083",,"received",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP24-4-1",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5098",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JT8_8_2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MU6-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705","36","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/87/05","2012-11-01 08:19:39","2012-11-01 08:19:39","2012-11-01 08:19:39","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Pregnancy, childcare and the family: key issues for Europe’s response to drugs.","pub","LG18-12-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This Selected issue gives a broad overview on the extent of, and available responses to, the problems of pregnant drug users and families that are affected by drug use. In the first part of the report, a description of the available data on the extent of drug use during pregnancy and associated risks is followed by a review of responses to drug use among pregnant women across Europe. The second part of the publication focuses on children living in the care of drug users. Here, a review of the risks related to drug use in the family sets the scene for European overviews of responses targeting drug-using parents and responses aimed at the children of drug users. The policy and legal frameworks concerning the two situations are described, both for pregnant drug users and drug-using parents and their children. Table of contents: • Introductory note and acknowledgements • Introduction • Pregnant drug users • Drug users living with children • Conclusions • References","2012-10",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"32 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LG18-12-4 , LG18-12 , ED4-12 , VH4-2 , JG10-2-4 , T10-4-2 , TW2-10-4 , LG18-2 , LG2-6 , TW2-8 , TA12 , LG18-12-2 , LG14-10 , HZ2-6 , VH","L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Family role > Role of child -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Family role -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pregnancy -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Family-focused prevention -- T Demographic characteristics > Pregnant woman -- T Demographic characteristics > Child of drugs and alcohol user -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Parent-child relations -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family and drugs and alcohol > Drugs and alcohol related family problems -- T Demographic characteristics > Parent -- T Demographic characteristics > Child -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Family role > Role of parent -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family structure > Family support -- HJ Treatment method > Psychosocial treatment method > Family or marital therapy","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Family role - Role of child -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Family role -- Pregnancy -- Prevention approach - Family-focused prevention -- Pregnant woman -- Child of drugs and alcohol user -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Parent-child relations -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family and drugs and alcohol - Drugs and alcohol related family problems -- Parent -- Child -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Family role - Role of parent -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family structure - Family support -- Psychosocial treatment method - Family or marital therapy","Europe - Ireland -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG18-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ED4-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"T10-4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TW2-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TW2-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG18-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG14-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18705",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18417","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/84/17","2012-09-20 08:49:00","2012-11-22 09:11:30","2012-09-20 08:49:00","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2013–15 strategy and work programme.","pub","MQ8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The 2013–15 strategy and work programme is the third one since the EMCDDA’s recast Regulation in 2006. It is built around three top-level commitments: (a) providing a relevant, timely and responsive analysis of the drug situation; (b) efficiency: deriving maximum value from activities and investments; (c) communication and a customer-orientated approach. The bedrock on which this three-year strategy and work plan rests is the recognition that the achievements the agency has made since its inception have been delivered by maintaining clarity of purpose, technical rigour and a long-term vision. Table of contents: • Foreword by the EMCDDA Director • Context • Information and analysis for policy and action: the EMCDDA's strategy and vision for 2013–15 • From strategic vision to getting results: the EMCDDA's work programme for 2013–15 • Risk assessment","2012-09","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"68 p.",,,,,"doi: 10.2810/72936",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-560-8",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MQ8-2 , JA2 , VH","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme planning (strategy) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme planning (strategy) -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18417",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18417",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18338","20","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/83/38","2012-09-07 08:00:32","2012-09-07 08:00:32","2012-09-07 08:00:32","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Travel and drug use in Europe: a short review.","pub","LN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Little is known about the issue of drug use by travellers. This Thematic paper seeks to increase the interest in this topic both in terms of research and of developing adequate responses to problems related to drugs and travel. The paper aims to shed some light on this topic by investigating the following five questions: What is the profile of those who travel and use drugs? Which destinations have been associated with drug use among travellers? What is the prevalence of drug use among travellers? What are the risks associated with using drugs while travelling? What is the potential for prevention interventions? Table of contents: • Introduction • Travelling and using drugs • Examples of drug-related destinations • Prevalence of drug use among young travellers • Risks associated with drug use while travelling • Potential for prevention interventions • Conclusions","2012-09","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"25 p.",,,,,"Thematic Papers",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-558-5",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LN , LN4 , MC12 , MC12-10 , JB2 , VH , AD","L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context > Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use -- MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural aspects of AOD use > Sociocultural drugs and alcohol use -- MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural aspects of AOD use > Recreational drug use -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe","Social context -- Social context - Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use -- Sociocultural aspects of AOD use - Sociocultural drugs and alcohol use -- Sociocultural aspects of AOD use - Recreational drug use -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "18338",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LN4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18338",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MC12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18338",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MC12-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18338",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18338",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18338",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18436","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/84/36","2012-09-24 09:43:39","2012-12-11 12:35:50","2012-09-24 09:43:38","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Treatment demand indicator (TDI) standard protocol 3.0: Guidelines for reporting data on people entering drug treatment in European countries.","pub","RB","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This Manual is a revised edition of the Treatment demand indicator (TDI) protocol version 2.0 and presents updated guidelines for reporting data on people entering drug treatment in Europe. The TDI is one of five key epidemiological indicators which provide a common European methodology for collecting and reporting core data on the number and profiles of those entering specialised drug treatment each year. TDI data are routinely used in EMCDDA analysis of the drug situation in Europe, helping to identify trends and patterns in problem drug use and to assess the use and uptake of treatment facilities. Table of contents: • Introduction • Guidelines • Methodological and ethical issues • Annexes","2012-09","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"80 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-507-3",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RB , RC , JA2 , VH","R Research > Research organization and management -- R Research > Research and evaluation method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Research organization and management -- Research and evaluation method -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18436",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18436",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18436",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18187","23","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/81/87","2012-07-30 15:11:08","2012-12-19 11:08:21","2012-07-30 15:11:08","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention: a manual for programme planners and evaluators.","pub","NM6-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"he EMCDDA first published the Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention in 1998 to respond to a need expressed by professionals and policymakers to have a tool and stimulus to evaluate prevention interventions in Europe. These guidelines aimed to facilitate and encourage project leaders to evaluate their own interventions and to design them accordingly. This second edition is an updated version of the original EMCDDA guidelines, which contains new methods, concepts and examples of currently available drug prevention interventions and which provides a framework for carrying out an evaluation. The content has also been updated with developments in online EMCDDA drug prevention and evaluation resources. Table of contents: • Acknowledgements • Preface • Introduction • Chapter 1: Assessing intervention planning • Chapter 2: Designing and carrying out a theory-driven evaluation • Chapter 3: Process evaluation and monitoring system • Chapter 4: Outcome evaluation • Chapter 5: Communicating the results • Chapter 6: Assessing intervention planning • Chapter 7: Designing and carrying out a theory-driven evaluation • Chapter 8: Process evaluation and monitoring system • Chapter 9: Outcome evaluation • Chapter 10: Communicating the results","2012-07","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"140 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"manual","aod_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general","978-92-9168-499-1",,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","5076","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"NM6-2 , RF2 , MQ8-10 , MQ8-2 , JB2 , RC , VH","N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- R Research > Research and evaluation -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme planning (strategy) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Research and evaluation -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme planning (strategy) -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Research and evaluation method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "18187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RF2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18187",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17957","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/79/57","2012-07-05 08:05:46","2012-07-05 08:05:46","2012-07-05 08:05:46","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug demand reduction: global evidence for local actions. Drugs in Focus 23.","pub","ND2-6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This policy briefing considers the development of evidence-based drug demand reduction interventions. Following a definition of key terms used in the evidence-based drug demand reduction arena, the briefing then presents the main challenges involved in transferring scientific knowledge into practical applications, with a particular emphasis on 'best practice'. Table of contents: • Key issues at a glance • Definitions • Understanding best practice • Guidelines and standards: popular instruments to promote best practice • Accessing and using scientific evidence • Learning from each other — minimum quality standards for Europe • Implementing evidence through guidelines, standards and other tools • Next steps: identifying gaps and considering new issues • Conclusions and policy considerations • Key sources • Web information","2012-07","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"4 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1681-5157",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"ND2-6 , MP18-2-8-8 , VH4-2 , VH","N Communication, information and education > Information transfer > Information transfer from research to practice -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Demand reduction policy","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Information transfer - Information transfer from research to practice -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Demand reduction policy","Europe - Ireland -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17957",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17957",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17957",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153","24","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/81/53","2012-07-23 15:04:09","2012-07-23 15:04:09","2012-07-23 15:04:09","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Responding to drug use and related problems in recreational settings.","pub","LN4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Drug and alcohol use in recreational settings are linked to a range of health and social problems. These include acute health problems, such as unconsciousness and unintentional injury, aggressive behaviour and violence, unsafe and unwanted sex, and driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. In the 2009–12 EU drugs action plan and, more recently, through the adoption in 2010 of Council conclusions in this area, the EU has addressed drug and alcohol use in places where young people gather to socialise and dance. Reflecting these conclusions, this paper summarises some of the approaches used today to prevent and reduce the health and social risks associated with the use of illicit drugs and alcohol in recreational settings. Table of contents: Introduction The need for a balanced and evidence-based approach Prevention at the user level Environmental strategies Training of staff Interventions involving stakeholders Policing and law enforcement measures Conclusions","2012-07","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"11 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-556-1",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LN4 , AA2-4 , MC12-10 , JF , JB2-4 , LN , AN , JB2 , VH","L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context > Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Problem drugs and alcohol use -- MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural aspects of AOD use > Recreational drug use -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention by sponsor or setting -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention","VA Geographic area > Europe","Social context - Context encouraging drugs and alcohol use -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Problem drugs and alcohol use -- Sociocultural aspects of AOD use - Recreational drug use -- Prevention by sponsor or setting -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Social context -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems -- Drugs and alcohol prevention","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MC12-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JF",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18153",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17681","18","archive","4",,,"disk0/00/01/76/81","2012-06-08 10:31:59","2015-02-05 12:46:35","2012-06-08 10:31:59","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Leading experts to review global developments in new drugs and ‘legal highs’.",,"BE4","","none",,,,,,,,"The United States National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) bring together leading US, European and international experts this week to take stock of the global ‘new drugs’ phenomenon. In the framework of the 2012 NIDA International Forum, taking place in Palm Springs (CA) from 8–11 June (1), the organisations will co-host the Second interdisciplinary forum on new and emerging psychoactive substances gathering over 300 participants from 72 countries. Building on the First international multidisciplinary forum on new drugs (2), organised by the EMCDDA in Lisbon in May 2011, this year’s forum will focus on new and emerging synthetic and natural drugs, such as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (e.g. ‘Spice’) and stimulants (e.g. cathinones). EMCDDA Scientific Director Paul Griffiths, who will receive on 9 June the 2012 NIDA International Program Award for Excellence in International Leadership (3), will deliver a keynote speech on ‘New psychoactive substances — a growing challenge for drug policy and practice’. Other speakers include Volker Auwaerter of the University Medical Centre, Freiburg, who, in 2008, first identified the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 found in ‘Spice’ (4).","2012-06-07",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2012/4","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"BE4 , BJ6 , BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Synthetic cathinones -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- CNS stimulants - Synthetic cathinones -- New psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17681",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17681",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17681",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17754","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/77/54","2012-06-19 14:45:20","2012-06-19 14:45:20","2012-06-19 14:45:20","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2011.","pub","JA2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. It catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents: • Foreword • Introduction • Part I: Report of activities: key achievements and governance • Part II: Management and internal control systems: annual activity report as per the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA (adopted by the EMCDDA’s Management Board on 9 January 2009)","2012-06","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"100 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-504-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "17754",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17642","30","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/76/42","2012-05-31 10:23:25","2012-07-09 15:01:47","2012-05-31 10:23:24","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","New ESPAD study shows overall stable drug use among school students and a reduction in ‘heavy episodic drinking’, but no decrease in cigarette smoking.",,"TA14","","none",,,,,,,,"Overall, the use of illicit drugs among 15–16-year-old school students appears to have stabilised, according to the latest European study of this group published today by the European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs (ESPAD). The report, based on a 2011 survey in 36 European countries, also reveals a reduction in ‘heavy episodic drinking’ (five drinks or more per occasion). But the survey highlights country differences and the need for vigilance where cannabis, inhalant and tobacco use has been seen to rise. This is the fifth data-collection wave conducted by the ESPAD project, with multi-national surveys carried out every four years since 1995 (1). Over 100,000 school students took part in the latest survey. Of the countries participating, 23 were EU Member States. The 2011 ESPAD report: substance use among students in 36 European countries, available in English, will be complemented by a multilingual summary produced with the support of the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) (2). The EMCDDA includes ESPAD data in its annual reporting on the drug situation and the two bodies work closely together under a cooperation agreement signed in 2007 (3). This cooperation was scaled up in 2011, with the partners vowing to boost joint work and technical cooperation to enhance understanding of long-term drug use trends among this population in Europe. The new survey results show that the increase seen in the use of illic¬it drugs among this age group in ESPAD countries between 1995 and 2003 has since stalled, with the average prevalence remaining unchanged at 18 % between 2007 and 2011 (11 % in 1995; 20 % in 2003). The vast majority of the students surveyed in 2011 who had ever tried an illicit drug, had used cannabis. Average lifetime cannabis use was reported by 17 % of the students (4), use in the last 12 months was reported by 13 % and use in the last 30 days by 7 % (all unchanged overall). But despite this overall stable picture, the proportion of stu¬dents who had ever tried cannabis increased significantly between 2007 and 2011 in 11 of the 36 ESPAD countries (and fell in five). The 2011 ESPAD data show that over three-quarters of school students (79 %) had consumed alcohol in the past 12 months and over half (57 %) in the last 30 days, continuing the small decreases witnessed since 2003. In total, 11 countries reported a fall in alcohol use over the past 30 days and in ‘heavy episodic drinking’ over the same period (the latter had increased by 8 per¬centage points between 1995 and 2007). Also reported is the small decrease to 38 % in this drinking pattern among girls, in contrast to the striking increase seen in the last round of the survey (29 % in 2003, rising to 41 % in 2007). Among boys, the figure was also slightly lower in 2011 (43 % compared with 45 % in 2007). Across 22 countries, more boys than girls still report ‘heavy episodic drinking’ in the past 30 days, although the gender gap shrank from 12 percentage points in 1995 to five in 2011.","2012-05-31",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2012/3","http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17643/","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"TA14 , TN , VH , AD12-16-4-2 , BD , AA2","T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- T Demographic characteristics > Student (secondary level) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour > Alcohol consumption > Binge drinking -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Tobacco (cigarette smoking) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Student (secondary level) -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour - Alcohol consumption - Binge drinking -- Tobacco (cigarette smoking) -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17642",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17642",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17642",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD12-16-4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17642",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17642",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17629","18","archive","4",,,"disk0/00/01/76/29","2012-05-25 09:47:44","2012-11-12 10:47:53","2012-05-25 09:47:44","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Early warning system - national profile.",,"BN","","none",,,,,,,,"This publication presents 30 profiles, including Ireland's, of the national early warning systems on new psychoactive substances in operation in Europe in 2011. In Ireland an emerging trends sub-committee was originally set up in September 1997 by the Department of Health as the ad-hoc early warning Committee on New Synthetic Drugs to consider national issues arising from the 1997 Joint Action on New Synthetic Drugs by the Council of the European Union concerning information exchange, risk assessment and control of new synthetic drugs where each Member State had to set up a system of early warning to monitor the emergence of this phenomenon. In 2001, the committee was placed on a formal basis within the National Advisory Committee on Drugs (NACD) and its remit extended to include the monitoring of emerging trends. The functions of the early warning system for Ireland are to: identify new drugs; describe new trends in drug use, and report the serious and unusual consequences of drug use. 1. National drug trend monitoring system pilot (2007). The NACD developed and tested three new indicators for use in a Drug Trend Monitoring System (DTMS). The three indicators piloted were: • a media monitoring system to monitor current drug seizures, drug-related court cases, and local drug issues around the country; • a network of trend monitors consisting of frontline workers from around the country to complete a twice-yearly trend questionnaire on the drug situation in their area, and notify the DTMS when new trends arise; • a series of focus groups with drug users to assess latest drug trends.","2012-05-25",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/17626/","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"BN , JG10-4 , VQ6 , ND14","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- N Communication, information and education > Information use and impact","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","New psychoactive substances -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- Information use and impact","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17629",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17629",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17629",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17614","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/76/14","2012-05-22 08:46:49","2012-05-22 08:46:49","2012-05-22 08:46:49","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug-related research in Europe: recent developments and future perspectives.","pub","RB","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Scientific findings and up-to-date evidence are needed for sound policymaking at local, national and EU level. Research can help answer many policy questions by investigating which interventions or combination of interventions may be more appropriate to help reduce drug problems. Research can also assess the cost-effectiveness of various alternative interventions and suggest innovative ways to increase effectiveness. Both the European Commission and the Member States have been investing in drug-related research and promoting the development of a wider knowledge base to underpin drug policy. However, there has been no consistent approach at European level to identifying and prioritising research topics. The EMCDDA has been monitoring drug-related research since 2007, as part of its mandate to provide ‘the Community and its Member States with factual, objective, reliable and comparable information at European level concerning drugs and drug addiction and their consequences’ (1). The agency has developed a methodology to analyse research activity on the basis of the studies cited by Reitox national focal points in their Reitox national reports. This Thematic paper therefore draws from a variety of sources, which include analysis of the yearly national reports submitted to the EMCDDA by the Reitox national focal points over the period 2008–10, projects funded through different European Commission research and drug-related programmes, and Council and Commission documents focusing on this topic. It aims to update the EMCDDA Selected issue on national drug-related research in Europe (EMCDDA, 2008), by reporting on recent developments and current challenges, and by suggesting future opportunities in this field. (","2012-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"23 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","78-92-9168-503-5",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RB , JA2 , RB6 , VH","R Research > Research organization and management -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- R Research > Research dissemination","VA Geographic area > Europe","Research organization and management -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Research dissemination","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17614",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17614",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RB6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17614",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17626","24","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/76/26","2012-05-25 07:47:31","2012-11-06 11:59:19","2012-05-25 07:47:31","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Gallegos","Ana","","","","Gallegos:Ana::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Early warning system: national profiles.","pub","ND2-10","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This publication presents 30 profiles of the national early warning systems on new psychoactive substances in operation in Europe in 2011. The early warning system on new psychoactive substances is a multidisciplinary network consisting of 30 European countries which collect, appraise and rapidly disseminate information on new drugs and products that contain them. The publication aims to promote best practices and to enhance the exchange of experiences between different national early warning systems. Irish national profile - page 74","2012-05","published",,"Gallegos Ana",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"167 p.",,,,,"doi: 10.2810/51894",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-500-4",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"ND2-10 , VH4-2 , JG10-4 , BN , VH , AA2 , MP18-2-8-16","N Communication, information and education > Information transfer > Information dissemination -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Information transfer - Information dissemination -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- New psychoactive substances -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy","Europe - Ireland -- Europe","Gallegos Ana , Sedefov Roumen , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Sedefov","Roumen","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14065","18","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/40/65","2010-10-22 07:52:55","2013-02-01 12:17:22","2010-10-22 07:52:55","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA: Prevention profile: Ireland","pub","JC4-4","","none",,,,,,,,"What are countries in Europe doing to prevent illicit drug use? The prevention profiles section of the website tries to answer this question by providing information on the level of provision of different prevention measures in Europe (EU Member States, Croatia, Turkey and Norway). For more information, including methodology, definitions, data sources and technical information, please read the 'About prevention profiles' page.","2012-03",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"other","aod_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","not_in_collection","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/country-data/prevention/2011/ireland","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JC4-4 , VH4-2 , JC4-2 , JB2 , MP18-2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Universal prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland","Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Basic prevention categories - Universal prevention -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe - Ireland","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14065",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14065",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JC4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14065",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14065",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/67/81","2012-02-01 08:56:26","2013-02-01 12:12:51","2012-02-01 08:56:26","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Overviews of legal topics.","pub","MO","","none",,,,,,,,"The European Legal Database on Drugs (ELDD) is the EMCDDA's online database of information on European drugs-related legislation for the Member States and Norway. Topic Overviews cover the following areas: • Classification of controlled drugs • Illegal consumption • Illegal possession of drugs • Illegal drug trafficking • Possession of cannabis for personal use • Medical purposes • Needle and Syringe Programmes • Treatment alternatives • Workplace drug testing • Hallucinogenic mushrooms • Driving • Substitution treatment • Controlled deliveries • Precursor penalties • Threshold quantities Classification of controlled drugs How are drugs classified at international level and why? Does the EU have a standardised classification system? Do different types of drugs elicit different legal responses? Personal possession of cannabis Is cannabis equal to other substances or not? When are cannabis-related offences prosecuted? Illegal consumption of drugs and the law Is drug consumption per se illegal? Is it prosecuted? Legal status of drug testing in the workplace In which conditions is testing permitted? What are the rights and responsibilities of the employer and employee? Are there privacy or data protection issues involved? Drugs and driving What drugs are prohibited for drivers? Can police stop drivers randomly, or do they need suspicion? Should a driver be under influence, or does any trace of drugs lead to an offence? Illegal possession of drugs Is possession of drugs 'for personal use' viewed differently from other forms of possession? Do the quantities and nature of the drug(s) involved affect the legal response? Hallucinogenic mushrooms Are these controlled in Member States? What happens if they grow in the wild? Legal status of opioid substitution treatment What drugs are permitted for substitution treatment in the countries? Who can prescribe them? Who can dispense them? How are the drugs and the patients monitored? Can they be taken home? What happens if the patient fails a urine test? Illegal drug trafficking Is there a difference between trafficking in drugs for personal use and trafficking for commercial purposes? Treatment alternatives to prosecution or prison Are alternative measures to prosecution for drug offences available? Does the offender have to be an addict? Can they be used for theft offences? Are they compulsory? Penalties for precursor offences Are the penalties the same as for drug trafficking offences? What happens if there is just a breach of labelling requirements? Supplying illicit drugs for medical purposes Is substitution treatment in breach of the international Conventions against drugs? What are the legal bases for methadone prescription? Is prescribing heroin for medical purposes against international law? Legal Framework of Needle and Syringe Programmes Are these programmes legal? Can they be considered as facilitating drug use? How do the police react? Controlled deliveries If law enforcement officers want to watch a controlled delivery of drugs through the territory, who can authorise it? What are the necessary requirements for authorisation? Do the same laws apply to other illicit goods? Threshold quantities for possession and supply offences Who defines a threshold quantity? How much is a small, or large, quantity of a drug? How do quantities vary between different drugs?","2012-03","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"other","crime_prevention","psychoactive",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index5036EN.html","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"MO , VH4-2 , VQ6 , VH , MP18-2 , MN20","MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws","VA Geographic area > Europe > Ireland -- VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Law enforcement and the justice system -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Drugs and alcohol laws","Europe - Ireland -- Europe - European Union -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cannabis",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"inhale_solvent",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"alcohol",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"prescription",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_depressants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16781",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cocaine",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16951","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/69/51","2012-02-10 10:58:56","2012-02-10 10:58:56","2012-02-10 10:58:56","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Work programme 2012.","pub","RB","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The 2012 EMCDDA work programme takes forward activities begun in 2010 to implement the EMCDDA's three-year strategy (2010–12). This strategy seeks to: consolidate and deepen the analysis of core datasets held at the EMCDDA; invest in more complex and policy-relevant analysis; and develop a small number of new areas of strategic importance. It also reflects on the obligations of the agency’s mission statement and is sensitive to the needs of the EU drugs strategy and action plan (2009–12). The 2012 work programme presents specific objectives accompanied by their related activities and expected outcomes. This new structure is the result of the ongoing rationalisation of planning processes and procedures taking place within the EMCDDA. Table of contents • Introduction and summary of outputs • Monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem in Europe • Cooperation and collaboration with key external partners • Supporting the achievement of results • Annexes","2012-02","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"78 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-497-7",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RB , JA2 , VH , MP18-2","R Research > Research organization and management -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Research organization and management -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "16951",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16951",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16951",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780","37","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/67/80","2012-02-01 08:56:50","2013-01-03 08:43:30","2012-02-01 08:56:50","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Legal topic overviews: classification of controlled drugs.","pub","BK","","none",,,,,,,,"EU Member States classify drugs and precursors according to the three UN Conventions of 1961, 1971 and 1988 (abbreviated below to UN61, UN71 and UN88), controlling and supervising their legitimate scientific or medical use while taking into account the particular risks to public or individual health. This Topic Overview looks at the UN system, the EU’s system of pan-European control, and finally gives a table outlining the similarities and differences of the national systems in the EU and Norway. • How are drugs classified at international level and why? • Does the EU have a standardised classification system? • Do different types of drugs elicit different legal responses?","2012-01","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"other","crime_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index146601EN.html","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BK , BT6-1 , BH , VQ6 , MN20-12 , BL2-1 , B6 , BJ2-8 , BT6 , BJ2-2 , VA2 , BA , BT6-2 , BL , VH , BL2-4","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Over the counter drug (medicine / medication) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws > Drug laws -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Methadone -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > MDMA -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Controlled substance -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Drugs and alcohol in general -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Codeine","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union -- VA Geographic area > International aspects -- VA Geographic area > Europe","Cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Over the counter drug (medicine / medication) -- Sedatives or tranquillisers (CNS depressants) -- Drugs and alcohol laws - Drug laws -- Opioids (opiates) - Methadone -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- CNS stimulants - MDMA -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Controlled substance -- CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Drugs and alcohol in general -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- Opioids (opiates) -- Opioids (opiates) - Codeine","Europe - European Union -- International aspects -- Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6-1",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2-1",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16780",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16790","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/67/90","2012-02-01 08:55:43","2012-02-01 08:55:43","2012-02-01 08:55:43","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Legal topic overviews: penalties for illegal drug trafficking.","pub","MO","","none",,,,,,,,"What we have here called 'trafficking' offences may include production or cultivation, import and export, transporting, offering, selling and/or possession, with intent to distribute or supply, or the concept of acting 'for gain' or 'on a commercial basis'. Therefore, we have not included production or cultivation for personal use. Various aggravating factors in the offence may include the involvement of large quantities, drugs considered very dangerous to health, the aim to make substantial profit, involvement of (organised) groups or gangs, abuse of position by a professional person, or recidivism. Selling drugs to acquire money to finance a drug habit is a recognised behaviour among drug users and is considered an offence in all EU Member States. In some, these 'user-dealers' or 'addict-pushers' occupy a middle ground between the serious offence of drug distribution and the more medical problem of drug addiction. As such, they may be specifically identified in national laws – if not, it is usual for the judge to take this situation into account when sentencing. Addiction is seen as a mitigating circumstance, but on the other hand the type and quantity of the drug sold or distributed, and recidivism, may be seen as aggravating factors. In general, selling drugs is always prosecuted, but wide ranges are prescribed for sentencing. At European level, following the conclusions of the 1999 Tampere European Council that called on the Member States to adopt additional legal provisions to combat trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the Council adopted in October 2004 a Framework-Decision laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking. This overview contains penalties by country and a table: EU Framework-Decision laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking.","2012-01","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"other","crime_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index146646EN.html#intro","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"MO , MM20-10-4-4 , MN36 , VH","MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Criminal penalty","VA Geographic area > Europe","Law enforcement and the justice system -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Criminal penalty","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "16790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN36",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16790",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18786","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/87/86","2012-11-19 13:24:29","2012-11-19 13:24:57","2012-11-19 13:24:29","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA Trendspotter study on fentanyl in Europe.","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,"The EMCDDA Trendspotter case study on Fentanyl in Europe was undertaken during September and October 2012. It culminated in an expert meeting in Lisbon on 9–10 October 2012. The aim of the study was to increase understanding of the availability and illicit use of fentanyl in Europe, with a specific focus on: the extent and patterns of use; illicit production and diversion; harms and deaths; and, responses to the problem. Twelve experts from 10 EU Member States (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom) attended the meeting, presenting their experiences and contributing to an analysis of the topic, providing insights from law enforcement, forensics, treatment, research and monitoring, and drug user perspectives. Table of contents • Rationale and methods • Multiple sources of supply • Divergent situations regarding use • Why more fentanyl use? • High levels of harm • Responding to fentanyl problems • Discussion • Conclusion","2012","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"14 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","psychoactive",,"978-92-9168-565-3",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/scientific-studies/2012/trendspotters-report","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , BL , VH , AM , AA2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Opioids (opiates) -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18786",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18786",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18786",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18786",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18785","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/87/85","2012-11-19 13:25:54","2012-11-19 13:25:54","2012-11-19 13:25:54","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA-Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylamphetamine.","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,"At the end of 2011 and in 2012, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance, 4-methylamphetamine. The two organisations concluded that sufficient information had been accumulated to merit the production of a Joint Report on 4-methylamphetamine as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the Decision. Table of contents • Introduction • Information collection process • Information required by Article 5.2 of the Decision • Information from the EMA as requested by Article 5.3 of the Decision • Summary of findings • Conclusions • Annexes","2012","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"40 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","psychoactive",,"978929168563",,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-reports/4-methylamphetamine","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BN , BJ , VH , AA2 , AM","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- CNS stimulants -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18785",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"cns_stimulants",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18785",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18785",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18785",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16757","19","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/67/57","2012-01-14 20:58:33","2012-11-06 15:01:39","2012-01-14 20:58:33","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Legal topic overviews: possession of cannabis for personal use.","pub","BE4","","none",,"other",,,,,,"The legal status of cannabis for personal use is one of the most controversial policy issues in the European Union. Although cannabis is a classified narcotic drug placed under control by the United Nations and by all EU Member States, the measures adopted to control it at national level vary considerably, as shown in the table below. Cannabis extracts — marijuana, hashish and cannabis oil — are classified as narcotic drugs under both Schedules I and IV of the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Art. 36 requests State Parties to “adopt such measures as will ensure that …possession… of drugs contrary to the provisions of this Convention… shall be punishable offences when committed intentionally...”. The active principles of cannabis, the cannabinoids THC and specifically dronabinol (delta-9-THC), are classified as psychotropic substances under Schedules I and II respectively of the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Art 22 of this echoes the terms of the 1961 Convention above, stating that “each Party shall treat as a punishable offence, when committed intentionally, any action contrary to a law or regulation adopted in pursuance of its obligations under this Convention… “. Finally, the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic of 1988, Art. 3 requests establishment of a criminal offence for possession of drugs for the purposes of trafficking (Art. 3.1(a)(iii)), and for the possession for personal consumption (Art.3.2). This latter has been the subject of a wide range of interpretations and analyses; see ELDD’s Legal Reports for example the EMCDDA thematic paper “Illicit drug use in the EU: legislative approaches”, section 1, and Chapter 7 of A Cannabis Reader, EMCDDA Monograph 8; Cannabis Control in Europe.","2012","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"other","crime_prevention","cannabis",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/legal-topic-overviews/cannabis-possession-for-personal-use","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"BE4 , MN20-12 , VH , B6","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws > Drug laws -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- Drugs and alcohol laws - Drug laws -- Cannabis / Marijuana","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "16757",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"aod_disorder",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16757",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16757",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17830","18","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/78/30","2012-06-26 10:26:40","2013-05-13 11:14:24","2012-06-26 10:26:40","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Cannabis production and markets in Europe.","pub","MM20-10-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This study brings together available evidence to provide a comprehensive analysis of cannabis production and markets across the EU. It combines information from EMCDDA routine reporting — data on patterns of prevalence and use, seizures, police reports, drug-law offences, cannabis potency and retail market prices — with literature on cannabis markets to create an in-depth analysis of the issue in a European context.","2012",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"274 p.",,,,,"doi:10.2810/52425",,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-502-8",,,,,,,,"","","5075","","available","","","","","",,,"REF EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/insights/cannabis-market","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MM20-10-2 , MM20-10-6 , VH , B6 , MM2-2-2","MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal production of drugs -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal production of drugs -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal distribution of drugs (drug market / dealing) -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17830",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5097",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17830",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17830",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17830",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17072","18","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/70/72","2012-02-28 14:49:22","2016-05-24 09:37:05","2012-02-28 14:49:22","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe.","pub","BJ2-2","","public",,,,,,,,"Drugnet Europe, the EMCDDA's quarterly newsletter, provides regular information on the Agency's activities to a broad readership. In this issue: 2012 EMCDDA work programme; ECDC-EMCDDA HIV rapid risk assessment; Romania passes law to curb distribution of new psychoactive substances; European summer school on illicit drugs; multicity project on wastewater analysis; upcoming events on new psychoactive substances; and new EMCDDA products and services.","2012","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,"77",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,"ISSN 0873-5379",,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,"77",,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drugnet/77","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"BJ2-2 , MP18-2 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "18073","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/80/73","2012-07-16 09:13:14","2012-07-16 09:13:14","2012-07-16 09:13:14","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA final annual accounts 2011.","pub","JV","","public",,"annual_report",,,,,,"n accordance with Article 76 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the EMCDDA, the accounts of the EMCDDA shall comprise: 'The financial statements of the EMCDDA and the reports on implementation of the budget of the EMCDDA. The accounts of the EMCDDA shall be accompanied by a report on budgetary and financial management during the year.' Table of contents Financial statements of the EMCDDA Balance sheet Economic outturn account Cash-flow table Annexes to the balance sheet Report on the implementation of the EMCDDA budget Budget outturn account for the financial year 2011 Appendix to the EMCDDA 2011 accounts Report on budgetary and financial management for the financial year 2011","2012",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"35 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JV , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care economics","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health care economics","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "18073",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382","39","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/73/82","2012-04-19 08:42:26","2012-11-22 09:16:20","2012-04-19 08:42:26","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA trend report for the evaluation of the 2005–12 EU drugs strategy.","pub","MO4-12-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report has been compiled by the EMCDDA in the first half of 2011 as a supporting document for the external evaluation of the 2005–12 EU drugs strategy and its two 2005–08 and 2009–12 action plans. It reviews the main trends and changes in the European drug situation and in the responses developed by the EU Member States. Four main areas are covered by the report: drug use and drug-related problems; drug supply; drug policies; and demand reduction interventions. In this summary, at the beginning of each of these sections, the reader is reminded of the relevant priorities and objectives set out in the EU drugs strategy, in order to facilitate analysis and assessment of progress and achievements. The timeframe for analysis is from 2004 (the year before the strategy) until the most recent data available, usually 2009 or 2010. Most of the data have been collected through the EMCDDA’s network of Reitox national focal points but additional data sources have been used in some areas.","2012",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"64 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index154967EN.html","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO4-12-2 , BK , HK2 , BL2 , MM2-2 , B6 , TU8-8-4 , MN20 , MP18-2-8-8 , BJ2-2 , MQ8-2 , HK2-10-2-2-2 , VH , MP18-2 , JP , AA2","MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Heroin -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- T Demographic characteristics > Prison Inmate (prisoner) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Demand reduction policy -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme planning (strategy) -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method > Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) > Methadone maintenance -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Opioids (opiates) - Heroin -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- Prison Inmate (prisoner) -- Drugs and alcohol laws -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Demand reduction policy -- CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme planning (strategy) -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method - Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution) - Methadone maintenance -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Treatment and maintenance -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TU8-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2-10-2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17382",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17452","24","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/74/52","2012-04-26 11:11:14","2012-11-06 09:31:31","2012-04-26 11:11:14","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol 2011 annual report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report presents the results and outlines the key achievements for 2011 on the information exchange, risk-assessment and control of new psychoactive substances. New drugs were detected in the European Union in 2011 at the rate of around one per week, with a total of 49 new psychoactive substances officially notified for the first time via the EU early-warning system (EWS). This represents the largest number of substances ever reported in a single year, up from 41 substances reported in 2010 and 24 in 2009. In 2011, the list of substances registered was dominated by two groups: synthetic cannabinoids (23 substances) and synthetic cathinones (8 substances). These now represent the two largest drug groups monitored by the EWS and, together, make up around two-thirds of the new drugs reported last year. All of the new compounds reported in 2011 were synthetic. Also described in the report is the EMCDDA's monitoring of the online ‘legal high’ market. The number of online shops offering at least one psychoactive substance or product rose from 314 in January 2011 to 690 in January 2012. Table of contents 1. Introduction and background 2. Implementation arrangements and cooperation with the EU pharmacovigilance system 3. Results achieved in 2011 4. Epidemiology and new approaches 5. Production and distribution of new psychoactive substances 6. The way forward Annexes","2012",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"EMCDDA; Europol","Lisbon",,"29 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2011","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , BT , VH , AD , AA2 , LY4 , MR2-8-4","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Legal availability or accessibility -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "17452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17452",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16745","19","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/67/45","2012-01-12 12:44:23","2012-01-12 12:44:23","2012-01-12 12:44:23","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Joint EMCDDA and ECDC rapid risk assessment. HIV in injecting drug users in the EU/EEA, following a reported increase of cases in Greece and Romania.","pub","JH10-6-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"In response to a notified increase in HIV cases among injecting drug users (IDU) in Greece and Romania, the European Commission asked the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in November 2011 to conduct a rapid inquiry among their network of HIV surveillance- and drug focal points to investigate whether such increases had occurred in other countries. The assessment showed that while most European countries reported no changes in the rate of newly diagnosed cases of HIV or HIV prevalence in IDU in 2011, increases were documented in six countries. Indicators of injecting risk and prevention coverage show a potential risk for increased HIV transmission and future outbreaks in several countries.","2012","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","Lisbon",,"13 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JH10-6-2 , JA6-6 , VH , GH16-12-20-2 , AM , JH10-6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control > HIV prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors > risk factors -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > HIV infection -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control - HIV prevention -- Risk and protective factors - risk factors -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - HIV infection -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","0","no" "16745",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control",,,"JA6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16745",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16745",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-20-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16745",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16745",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17005","8","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/70/05","2012-02-20 09:50:31","2012-02-20 09:50:31","2012-02-20 09:50:31","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","The Reitox network: frequently asked questions.","pub","VH","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Table of contents 1.What is Reitox? 2.Who are members of the Reitox network? 3.What is the Reitox network’s main mission? 4.Is there a difference between a national focal point and a national drugs observatory? 5.What are the functions of Reitox national focal points at European level? 6.What are the functions of Reitox national focal points at national level? 7.How is Reitox managed? 8.How should a national focal point be structured? 9.What types of information should Reitox members provide to the EMCDDA and when? 10.How many staff members should work in a national focal point and what qualifications do they need? 11.How are Reitox national focal points financed? 12.What is the ‘Reitox Academy’? 13.Who can benefit from Reitox national focal points’ expertise at national level and how? 14.What is the added value in joining the Reitox network for non‐EU countries? 15.How can my country join the Reitox network? 16.Where canI find the contact details for Reitox members?","2012",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Luxembourg",,"12 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VH",,"VA Geographic area > Europe",,"Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "17147","12","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/71/47","2012-03-13 14:51:13","2012-03-13 14:51:13","2012-03-13 14:51:13","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","A definition of ‘drug mules’ for use in a European context.","pub","MM20-10-4-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The trafficking of drugs and, in particular, the use of human carriers (often called ‘drug mules’) remains a relatively hidden phenomenon, on which limited information is available. This latest EMCDDA Thematic paper explores whether a common definition of ‘drug mules’ can be developed in the European context and assesses the implications of this for data gathering and future research. The paper has its roots in a questionnaire launched by the EMCDDA in 2010 to test a proposed conceptual framework of drug couriers. Taking part in the survey were experienced professionals, academics and practitioners from a variety of countries, legal traditions and law-enforcement practices. Drug mules are reported to be transporting all of the major illicit drug types through Europe and making full use of all European transport routes. This paper draws a number of conclusions and recommendations for further investigation into drug markets and related responses.","2012",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"46 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-498-4",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_150421_EN_EMCDDA_ThematicPapers_DrugMules.pdf","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MM20-10-4-4 , VH , MM2-2-2","MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "17147",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "17147",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002","26","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/90/02","2012-12-14 14:51:08","2012-12-14 14:51:08","2012-12-14 14:51:08","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Schulze","Horst","","","","Schulze:Horst::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines in Europe — findings from the DRUID project.","pub","BN","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The ‘state of the art’ review presents the results of the largest research project ever carried out in the EU on Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines (the ‘DRUID’ project), which ran between 2006 and 2011","2012","published",,"Schulze Horst",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"57 p.",,,,,"doi: 10.2810/74023",,,,,,"","","","ISBN 978-92-9168-564-6",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , AN8-4-4 , MN32 , BA , MN32-2 , BT6-2 , AN8-4 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drinking and driving -- MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Drugs and alcohol in general -- MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) > Drinking-and-driving laws -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status > Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving","VA Geographic area > Europe","New psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drinking and driving -- Transportation safety laws (driving) -- Drugs and alcohol in general -- Transportation safety laws (driving) - Drinking-and-driving laws -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status - Prescription drug (medicine / medication) -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving","Europe","Schulze Horst , Urmeew Raschid , Auerbach Kerstin , Alvarez Javier , Bernhoft Inger Marie , de Gier Han , Hagenzieker Marjan , Houwing Sjoerd , Knoche Anja , Pilgerstorfer Monika , Zlender Bojan , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Eu","0","no" "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Urmeew","Raschid","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Auerbach","Kerstin","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Alvarez","Javier","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"BA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Bernhoft","Inger Marie","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"de Gier","Han","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"BT6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Hagenzieker","Marjan","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Houwing","Sjoerd","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Knoche","Anja","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Pilgerstorfer","Monika","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "19002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Zlender","Bojan","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16503","16","archive","4",,,"disk0/00/01/65/03","2011-12-09 13:34:43","2012-12-10 15:21:25","2011-12-09 13:34:43","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA launches first European quality standards to improve drug prevention in the EU.",,"JG","","none",,,,,,,,"‘Prevention’ is one of the first issues to be mentioned in the public debate on drugs, but evidence of what works in practice to prevent drug use is often overlooked. Today the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) launches the first European ‘how to’ guide on conducting high-quality drug prevention. Entitled European drug prevention quality standards: a manual for prevention professionals, it will be presented at an international conference hosted by the agency in Lisbon this week (1). Developing and implementing best practice in drug prevention in Europe are goals set by the current EU drug strategy and action plan (2). In line with these goals, today’s manual is the culmination of a two-year project to assess existing guidance in this area and to meet the need for a commonly agreed European framework to improve drug prevention in the EU. With support from the European Commission, the project is the fruit of collaboration between the seven organisations of the ‘Prevention Standards Partnership’, working closely with the EMCDDA (3). Bridging science, policy and practice, over 400 international, European and national experts and stakeholders contributed to developing the standards via a dynamic process involving focus groups, consultations and studies.","2011-12-09",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2011/11","http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16505/","pubn",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"JG , JA2 , JB2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention",,"Prevention approach -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Drugs and alcohol prevention",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "16503",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16503",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16565","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/65/65","2011-12-15 15:13:46","2016-03-01 16:21:10","2011-12-15 15:13:46","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Amphetamine: a European Union perspective in the global context.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This joint publication with the European Police Agency, Europol, is an in-depth study on the illicit market in amphetamine. Bringing together data on law enforcement measures such as drug seizures and clandestine laboratory detections with data on drug use prevalence, the report shows that Europe is the world’s number one producer of amphetamine and a major consumer market. As a synthetic drug that can be manufactured close to its market, measures aimed at disrupting amphetamine supply include restricting access to the chemicals used in its production. The illicit market, however, has developed sophisticated responses to these and other control measures. Highlighting the role of cooperation between law enforcement agencies in different countries, the study points to the need for a better understanding of illicit amphetamine markets to underpin a more effective and informed policy response. Table of contents • Introduction • The global context • Amphetamine production and precursors issues • The European user markets for amphetamine • Amphetamine production and trafficking in Europe • European and international initiatives • Conclusions","2011-12","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"50 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-491-5",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/amphetamine","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , BJ2-2 , VA2 , AA2 , MM2-2-2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union -- VA Geographic area > International aspects","CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe - European Union -- International aspects","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "16565",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16565",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16565",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16565",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16551","25","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/65/51","2011-12-15 10:34:37","2012-11-06 11:33:51","2011-12-15 10:34:37","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Responding to new psychoactive substances. Drugs in Focus 22.","pub","GA2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This briefing paper describes some of the practical and legal obstacles facing Member States when responding to such new substances. It underlines the importance of national early-warning systems in detecting and identifying new substances as the first step towards assessing the risks of, and ultimately controlling, potentially dangerous new drugs. Table of contents: • Definitions • Key issues at a glance • Early-warning systems • Proactive control • Assessing the risks • Faster processes — but supervised • Unintended consequences of control • Are other laws effective? • Conclusions and policy considerations • Key sources • Web information","2011-12","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"4 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1681-5157",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drugs-in-focus/responding-to-new-psychoactive-substances","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"GA2 , VH , MN20 , AM , LY4","G Health and disease > State of health -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility","VA Geographic area > Europe","State of health -- Drugs and alcohol laws -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- Legal availability or accessibility","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "16551",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16551",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16551",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "16551",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15586","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/55/86","2011-07-25 08:31:10","2016-05-24 09:40:11","2011-07-25 08:31:10","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe 75","pub","MP18-2-8-10","","public",,,,,,,,"Drugnet Europe, the EMCDDA's quarterly newsletter, provides regular information on the Agency's activities to a broad readership. In this issue: Drugnet Europe reader survey; monitoring wholesale drug prices in Europe; Eurobarometer survey on young people’s attitudes to drugs; call for input in the development of indicators of drug supply in Europe; forum on new drugs — reflections and conclusions; new EMCDDA products and services.","2011-07","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,"July–September",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,"July–September",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drugnet/75","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"MP18-2-8-10 , TA14 , FR16 , VH","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy -- T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- F Concepts in psychology > Attitude and behaviour > Attitude toward drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy -- Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Attitude and behaviour - Attitude toward drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "15586",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15586",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"FR16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15586",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15074","13","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/50/74","2011-05-13 14:56:52","2011-11-16 16:40:13","2011-05-13 14:56:52","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Developing a set of indicators on drug markets, crime and supply reduction in Europe: your input is welcome",,"MM20-10-4-4","","none",,,,,,,,"The need to scale up the monitoring of illicit drug supply in Europe is an important component of the current EU action plan and EMCDDA work programme 2010–12. In October 2010, the first European conference on drug supply indicators, organised by the European Commission and the EMCDDA, with the active involvement of Europol, (1) initiated work on the conceptualisation of technically sound and sustainable indicators in this area of key importance for European drug policy. According to the strategy adopted, the overall conceptual framework to monitor illicit drug supply will integrate three components: drug markets, drug-related crime and drug supply reduction. Special attention will be given to the possible standardisation, extension and improvement of existing data-collection systems and targeted research will be used to improve understanding of the topic. Three working groups, supported by the EMCDDA, will produce a roadmap in 2011 comprising short, medium and long-term monitoring objectives for the three areas.","2011-05-13",,,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index127481EN.html","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"MM20-10-4-4 , VH , MM2-2-2","MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "15074",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15074",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15072","26","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/50/72","2011-05-13 14:23:12","2016-05-24 09:41:10","2011-05-13 14:23:12","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe 74.","pub","MM20-10-4-4","","public",,,,,,,,"Drugnet Europe, the EMCDDA's quarterly newsletter, provides regular information on the Agency's activities to a broad readership. In this issue: Over 40 new drugs reported in 2010, HIV in the European region: unity and diversity, Mapping ‘drug squads’ in Europe, Feature: Khat use in Europe implications for European policy.","2011-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,"April–June",,,"EMCDDA","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,"April–June",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/index.cfm","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"MM20-10-4-4 , BJ4-10 , BT , VH , GH16-12-20-2 , LY4 , MM2-2-2","MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Khat -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > HIV infection -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking) -- CNS stimulants - Khat -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - HIV infection -- Legal availability or accessibility -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "15072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ4-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-20-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "15072",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14787","16","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/47/87","2011-03-07 09:40:23","2011-11-16 16:39:26","2011-03-07 09:40:23","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA to acknowledge excellence in scientific writing",,"ND2","","none",,,,,,,,"Europe’s top scientific papers on drug-related topics will be acknowledged this year in a new award launched by the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA). The prize giving, to take place annually in Lisbon, will celebrate excellence in scientific writing in this area of critical concern to EU citizens. The inaugural event will take place in the margins of the EMCDDA Scientific Committee meeting, being held in the Portuguese capital from 14–15 November. This EMCDDA advisory body is composed of 16 renowned scientists appointed on the basis of merit and independence. Articles eligible for nomination for the award will focus on illicit drugs, although findings on licit substances may also be included. The articles will have been published in 2010 in peer-reviewed scientific journals, with the primary author based in an EU Member State or Norway.","2011-03-04",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2011/fs-1","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"ND2 , VH , RB6","N Communication, information and education > Information transfer -- R Research > Research dissemination","VA Geographic area > Europe","Information transfer -- Research dissemination","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14787",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14787",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RB6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14817","26","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/48/17","2011-03-16 10:33:41","2016-05-24 09:01:47","2011-03-16 10:33:41","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe 73.","pub","B6","","public",,,,,,,,"Drugnet Europe, the EMCDDA's quarterly newsletter, provides regular information on the Agency's activities to a broad readership. In this issue: mephedrone ban across the EU; Poland passes new law to control ‘head shops’ and ‘legal highs’; a new European Society for Prevention Research; 2011 EMCDDA work programme; a new prize for top scientific papers; new EMCDDA products and services.","2011-03","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,"January - March",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,"TD-AA-11-001-EN-C",,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"B6 , BT , JG26_2_4_2 , LY4 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Identification and screening > Identification and screening for drugs and alcohol use -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis / Marijuana -- Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status -- Identification and screening - Identification and screening for drugs and alcohol use -- Legal availability or accessibility","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14817",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14817",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG26_2_4_2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14817",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14817",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "23443","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/02/34/43","2015-02-17 09:02:32","2015-02-17 09:02:32","2015-02-17 09:02:32","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","ECDC and EMCDDA guidance. Prevention and control of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs.","pub","GH16-14","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2011","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"ECDC","Stockholm",,"55 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"report","aod_use_harm_reduction","opioid","978-92-9193-313-6",,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
This joint guidance report explores good public health practices that can support effective policies to reduce infections. Common blood-borne viruses in this group include HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. These are mainly spread through the sharing of needles, syringes and drug preparation equipment or unprotected sexual contacts. A short (8p.) version exists.
Table of contents
Changes in the supply and use of established drugs and the emergence of a record number of new substances increasingly test Europe’s drug control models, says the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA). These challenges are described in the Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe, launched by the EMCDDA today in Lisbon. Among them: sophisticated cocaine smuggling techniques; changes in the stimulant market; widespread domestic cannabis production; and the continuous appearance of ‘legal highs’ designed to replace controlled substances.
Cocaine: sophisticated smuggling techniques and growing health concerns
Increasingly sophisticated techniques to conceal and smuggle cocaine into Europe are reviewed today in the Annual report. One such technique involves incorporating cocaine base or hydrochloride (HCI) into carrier materials (e.g. beeswax, plastic, clothing, fertiliser) before export, then extracting it in clandestine laboratories set up inside EU borders. Some 25 of these so-called ‘secondary extraction’ laboratories were uncovered in the EU in 2008 (in Spain). These perform a different function from laboratories in South America which first extract cocaine base or HCI from coca leaves or coca paste (see box, Chapter 5) (1).
Cannabis: levels of use in parts of eastern Europe now rival or exceed those in western countries
Levels of cannabis use appear to be rising in some countries of eastern Europe, in some cases now rivalling or exceeding prevalence levels found in parts of western Europe (Table GPS-2, part ii; Figure GPS-4, part i). In eastern EU Member States, the highest levels of last-year cannabis use among young adults (15–34 years) were in the Czech Republic (28.2 %), Slovakia (14.7 %) and Estonia (13.6 %). In western countries, the highest prevalence was reported in Italy (20.3 %), Spain (18.8 %) and France (16.7 %). Levels of use differ greatly between countries, with the highest prevalence estimate of last-year use among young adults (Czech Republic 28.2 %) being over 30 times greater than the lowest (Romania 0.9 %) (Chapter 3, Table 3).
Record number of new drugs reported in 2009
A record number of new drugs were officially reported in 2009 to the EMCDDA and Europol via the EU fast-track early-warning system (EWS) (Chapter 8). Twenty-four new psychoactive substances were officially notified for the first time to the two agencies in that year. This represents, not only the largest number of substances ever reported in a single year, but almost double the number notified in 2008 (13). All of the new compounds were synthetic, including three substances with medicinal properties.
Offering effective treatment to those with substance use problems is a central pillar of Europe’s response to drugs. According to the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA), both the quality and quantity of care available to drug users has improved considerably since the 1990s when better access to drug treatment became a drug policy priority. The EMCDDA estimates that at least 1 million people in the European Union receive some form of treatment for drug problems every year. Yet considerable challenges remain for treatment services. Heroin-related problems maintain a firm hold, both inside the EU and at its borders, and budgetary constraints become a reality in the economic downturn. These issues are explored in the Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe, launched today in Lisbon.
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drugnet/online/2010/70/article6","http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/13285/","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"GA2 , ED4-12 , T10-4-2 , VH , JS","G Health and disease > State of health -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pregnancy -- T Demographic characteristics > Pregnant woman -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care delivery","VA Geographic area > Europe","State of health -- Pregnancy -- Pregnant woman -- Health care delivery","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13283",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ED4-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13283",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"T10-4-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13283",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13283",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JS",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13414","15","archive","4",,,"disk0/00/01/34/14","2010-07-19 08:23:30","2016-05-24 10:25:01","2010-07-19 08:23:30","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe 71.","pub","JA2","","none",,,,,,,,"In this issue: injecting drug use stable or declining; early-warning system annual meeting; EU scientific experts to assess risks of mephedrone; harm reduction moves to the mainstream; EMCDDA and EMA step up cooperation; European technical conference on drug supply indicators coming up; EMCDDA-CICAD cooperation; new products and services.","2010-07",,,"Drugnet Europe",,"","",,,"July–September",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"Drugnet Europe",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,"July–September",,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index112640EN.html","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"JA2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13414",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13266","16","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/32/66","2010-06-24 08:25:17","2014-05-29 08:47:05","2010-06-24 08:25:17","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2010 selected issue: trends in injecting drug use in Europe.","pub","TL4-10-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Trends in injecting drug use in Europe is the title of the latest EMCDDA Selected issue publication. This volume brings together data from a wide variety of sources as it describes Europe’s current drug injecting problem and plots its trends in recent years. Responses to drug injecting and measures to reduce the harm caused by this form of drug use are also reviewed. The report finds that the available data point to a stable or declining trend of injecting in most European countries, with effective treatment and harm-reduction measures now reaching many users. Despite this, there is still a large population of drug injectors in Europe, and there continue to be signs of recent recruitment in some countries.","2010-06-24","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"22 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-412-0",,,,,,,,"","","4842","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"TL4-10-4 , VH","T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user","VA Geographic area > Europe","Intravenous / injecting drug user","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13266",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13200","35","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/32/00","2010-06-14 07:01:12","2014-04-09 21:53:41","2010-06-14 07:01:12","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA manuals no 4. Prevention and evaluation resources kit (PERK).","pub","JG","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This manual compiles basic but evidence-based prevention principles, planning rules and evaluation tips. Additionally, it provides related documentation or references for download; it is hoped that this additional material will be particularly useful for readers who have difficulty accessing the scientific prevention literature. To illustrate the theoretical discussion, an intervention example, partly based on a real-life situation, gives a practical perspective. Table of contents Introduction Step 1 ─ Needs assessment Step 2a ─ Clarify goals and a working hypothesis Step 2b ─ Define contents and objectives Step 3 ─ Select strategies and delivery Step 4 ─ Feasibility check Step 5 ─ Implementation and process evaluation Step 6 ─ Outcome evaluation Step 7 — Wrap-up and conclusion Additional online resources Definitions in prevention and scope of PERK Logic model Step 1: Resources Step 2a: Resources | Models and theories Steb 2b: Resources | Theory Step 3: Resources | Theory Step 4: Resources Step 5: Resources Step 6: Resources Step 7: Resources","2010-06-14","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"The Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"100 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"manual","aod_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general","978-92-9168-415-1",,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","4796","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/perk","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"JG , NM6-2 , MQ8-10 , JE , JB2 , VH , MQ6-2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Organisational development > Workforce / staff skills and training","VA Geographic area > Europe","Prevention approach -- Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Prevention programme or service -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Organisational development - Workforce / staff skills and training","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13200",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"NM6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"education_and_training",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13200",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13200",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13200",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13200",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13200",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13243","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/32/43","2010-06-18 07:39:42","2014-04-09 21:53:46","2010-06-18 07:39:42","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2009.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. It catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents Part I: Report of activities Overview • Core business: monitoring and reporting on the drugs problem • Support activities — improving efficiency and effectiveness Part II: Management and internal control systems • Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal control systems • Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems • Declaration of assurance of Authorising Officer","2010-06","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"84 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-421-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/general-report-of-activities/2009","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13131","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/31/31","2010-05-28 09:43:35","2014-04-09 21:53:34","2010-05-28 09:43:35","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Olszewski","Deborah","","","","Olszewski:Deborah::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Thematic paper. Children's voices. Experiences and perceptions of European children on drug and alcohol issues.","pub","LG18-12","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The purpose of this paper is to give meaning and insight into some of the key drug and alcohol issues that affect children from the perspectives of the children themselves. It is not to estimate the relative magnitude of a specific drug or alcohol problem or the numbers of children affected by it. Each section of this paper is preceded by one or two key statistics and whilst the quotations that follow may highlight a need to develop more robust and detailed statistics on a key issue, the overriding objective is to give the children a voice. Table of contents • Introduction • Living with parents with drug or alcohol problems • Children looked after by relatives, foster carers and institutions • Children’s experiences and perceptions of alcohol and drug consumption • Children’s perceptions about alcohol and drug interventions • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • References • Quotation sources","2010-05-28","published",,"Olszewski Deborah",,"","",,,,,,"The Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg:",,"38 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-420-5",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/thematic-papers/childrens-voices","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LG18-12 , FR16 , TW2-10-4 , LG18-2 , VH , TA12","L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Family role -- F Concepts in psychology > Attitude and behaviour > Attitude toward drugs and alcohol -- T Demographic characteristics > Child of drugs and alcohol user -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Marital relations > Family and kinship > Family relations > Parent-child relations -- T Demographic characteristics > Child","VA Geographic area > Europe","Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Family role -- Attitude and behaviour - Attitude toward drugs and alcohol -- Child of drugs and alcohol user -- Marital relations - Family and kinship - Family relations - Parent-child relations -- Child","Europe","Olszewski Deborah , Burkhart Gregor , Bo Alessandra , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13131",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Burkhart","Gregor","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"FR16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13131",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Bo","Alessandra","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"TW2-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13131",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LG18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13131",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13131",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13130","36","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/31/30","2010-05-28 07:34:01","2017-02-13 13:40:57","2010-05-28 07:34:00","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","Europol–EMCDDA joint report on a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone).","pub","BJ","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Europe has responded to rising concern over the use of the synthetic drug mephedrone by formally requesting a scientific investigation into the health and social risks of the substance. The decision was communicated to the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) by the Council of the EU , in line with a legal procedure designed to respond to potentially threatening new psychoactive drugs in the EU.","2010-05-27","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","Lisbon",,"22 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BJ , LY4 , BJ6-1 , BN , VH , AM","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Synthetic cathinones > Mephedrone -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe","CNS stimulants -- Legal availability or accessibility -- CNS stimulants - Synthetic cathinones - Mephedrone -- New (novel) psychoactive substances -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction & EUROPOL","0","no" "13130",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13130",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ6-1",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13130",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13130",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13130",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13053","13","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/30/53","2010-04-23 13:06:00","2014-04-09 21:53:26","2010-04-23 13:06:00","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA–Europol 2009 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA","pub","VH","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2010-04-23","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VH , BT","E Concepts in biomedical areas > Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol substance by legal status","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "13053",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"BT",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13051","11","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/30/51","2010-04-23 12:58:25","2011-11-16 16:34:45","2010-04-23 12:58:25","news",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Harm reduction moves to the mainstream: EU drugs agency publishes major work on harm reduction: past, present and future",,"JB2-4","","none",,,,,,,,"(21.4.2010, LISBON) Harm reduction is now an integral part of contemporary drug policies and plays an important role in responding to drug use in Europe. But this has not always been the case, say the experts. In a major new scientific work on the subject published today by the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA), leading European and international specialists chart how harm reduction shifted from controversy to mainstream. In this latest EMCDDA monograph — Harm reduction: evidence, impacts and challenges — over 50 authors examine two decades of harm reduction research and practice in Europe and beyond (1). They also wrestle with how the concept may broaden and evolve as patterns of drug use change.","2010-04-23",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,"","","","","","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/press/news-releases","http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/13050/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"10",,,"JB2-4 , MP18-2-8-16","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy",,"Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13051",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13050","17","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/30/50","2010-04-23 12:55:39","2014-04-09 21:53:26","2010-04-23 12:55:39","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Harm reduction: evidence, impacts and challenges","pub","JB2-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2010-04-23","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"462 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-419-9",,,,,,,,"","","4891","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JB2-4 , MP18-2-8-16","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy",,"Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13050",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13245","23","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/32/45","2010-06-18 07:38:44","2014-04-09 21:53:47","2010-06-18 07:38:44","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA manuals no 5. Guidelines for collecting data on retail drug prices in Europe: issues and challenges.","pub","NM6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Prices are an essential element of the illicit drug market, from both a supply and demand perspective. They are an indicator of drug availability and are an important tool for understanding the workings of drug supply mechanisms. They may also be used to help target law enforcement resources and assist criminal justice agencies with decisions related to prosecution and sentencing (e.g. assets recovery). The EMCDDA has been collecting information on retail drug prices via its Reitox focal points for the last 15 years. Although considerable progress has been made in this area, there is still variation in data collection in Europe. To address this issue, the EMCDDA has released these Guidelines for collecting data on retail drug prices in Europe: issues and challenges in its Manuals series. The Manual raises awareness on specific issues related to collecting data on retail drug prices and offers practical suggestions. It addresses difficulties in obtaining a definition of 'retail' prices, and discusses the challenge of obtaining a representative sample of illicit, and therefore hidden, transactions. Suggestions are made for a minimum set of variables to be recorded for each observation. Targeted at all those involved in data collection on drug prices in Europe, the Manual reviews the main data-collection methods, current national practices and data-management issues. Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: General data collection issues Chapter 3: Principal methods of data collection in Europe Chapter 4: General data management, reporting and analysis issues","2010-04","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"The Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"136 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","crime_prevention","alcohol_drugs_in_general","978-92-9168-413-7",,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/manuals/prices","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"NM6 , MT2 , RP , RC , VH","N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) -- R Research > Data collection method -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Recommendations or guidelines -- Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) -- Data collection method -- Research and evaluation method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13245",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MT2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13245",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RP",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13245",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13245",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13247","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/32/47","2010-06-18 07:59:24","2014-04-09 21:53:47","2010-06-18 07:59:24","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Risk assessment of new psychoactive substances — operating guidelines.","pub","NM6-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The principal aim of these guidelines is to put in place a sound methodological and procedural basis for carrying out each risk assessment, by using a semi-quantitative assessment procedure. This publication is a revision of the Guidelines for the risk assessment of new synthetic drugs (published in the same series, in 1999). Table of contents • Introduction • Chapter 1: Legal basis and scope • Chapter 2: General considerations for risk assessment • Chapter 3: A conceptual framework for risk assessment • Chapter 4: Headings for the Risk Assessment Report • Chapter 5: Assessing the risk relative to other substances • Chapter 1: Conclusion • References • Annex I: Technical report • Annex II: Semi-quantitative assessment procedure • Annex III: Expert's scoring form • Appendix: Council Decision 2005/387/JHA","2010-03","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"The Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"92 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-402-1",,,,,,,,"","","4814","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index100978EN.html","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"NM6-2 , JA8-2 , VQ6 , BN","N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment -- New psychoactive substances","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13247",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13247",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13247",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982","40","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/39/82","2010-10-08 06:51:25","2014-04-09 21:55:12","2010-10-08 06:51:25","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA manuals no 6. Guidelines for testing HIV, viral hepatitis and other infections in injecting drug users. A manual for provider-initiated voluntary medical examination, testing and counselling.","pub","NM6-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Infectious diseases are among the most serious health consequences of injecting drug use and can lead to significant healthcare costs. Injecting drug users are vulnerable to a range of infectious and communicable diseases through a variety of risk behaviours, and because of underlying conditions such as poor hygiene, homelessness and poverty. There is a recognised need for guidance on providing IDUs with a medical examination and testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and several other infections on a regular basis. In addition, improving testing uptake in this group would benefit epidemiological surveillance and monitoring as carried out at the national and international level. These guidelines are accompanied by a recommended package of prevention and primary care in relation to injecting drug users and infections. Treatment and other specialist care are not discussed in detail but are dealt with by indicating referral to appropriate services. Table of contents • Summary • Methodology and scope • Part 1: Guidelines for voluntary medical examination, testing and counselling • Chapter 1: Introduction • Chapter 2: Providing medical examination, testing and counselling to IDUs • Part 2: Background and implementation of the guidelines • Chapter 3: Background • Chapter 4: Implementation","2010","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"The Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"75 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"guideline","aod_use_harm_reduction","alcohol_drugs_in_general","978-92-9168-414-4",,,,,"EMCDDA",,,"","","4901","","available","","","","","",,,"REF. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index118461EN.html","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"NM6-2 , JB2-4 , JH10-6 , HC , TL4-10-4 , JU10 , JG26 , BL , GH16-12-6 , VH , GH16-12-20-2","N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control -- HA Screening, identification, and diagnostic method > Medical screening and diagnostic method -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care administration > Health care quality control -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Identification and screening -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > Viral hepatitis -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > HIV infection","VA Geographic area > Europe","Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control -- Medical screening and diagnostic method -- Intravenous / injecting drug user -- Health care administration - Health care quality control -- Identification and screening -- Opioids (opiates) -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - Viral hepatitis -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - HIV infection","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"opioid",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JU10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13982",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-20-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182","27","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/41/82","2010-11-10 09:31:17","2014-04-09 21:55:38","2010-11-10 09:31:17","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report 2010: the state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","GH16","","public",,"annual_report",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policymakers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents: * Commentary * Policies and laws * Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview * Cannabis * Amphetamines, ecstasy and hallucinogenic substances * Cocaine and crack cocaine * Opioid use and drug injection * Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths * New drugs and emerging trends","2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"99 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-432-8",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2010","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"GH16 , BK , BJ , B6 , BL , VH , MP18-2 , AA2 , AM","G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe","Disorder by cause - Communicable disease -- Cocaine -- CNS stimulants -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- Opioids (opiates) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14182",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13070","17","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/30/70","2010-04-29 08:53:02","2014-04-09 21:53:28","2010-04-29 08:53:02","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Cocaine: A European Union perspective in the global context.","pub","BK","","public",,"other",,,,"EMCDDA–Europol joint publications No 2",,"This report provides an overview of what is known about how cocaine is produced and trafficked into the European Union. It aims to provide a better understanding of the actors involved, the routes taken, and the scale of the problem in Europe. It also reviews some of the supply reduction responses already developed at European level. Its findings are based on the latest data and analysis available from specialised European and international organisations, NGOs and scholars. This publication is structured in a way that provides a condensed review of key issues relevant to understanding how cocaine reaches European markets. Background information on the chemistry and legal status of cocaine and crack cocaine, as well as key European figures, are also provided. Table of contents * Introduction * Coca and cocaine production in the Andean-Amazonian region * Suppressing coca in Colombia * Production of cocaine base and cocaine hydrochloride * Main trafficking routes to Europe * Importation to Europe and distribution * Supply reduction initiatives at EU level * Conclusions","2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"41 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-378-9",,,,,,,,"","","4800","","available","","","","","",,,"REF: EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BK , MM20-10-4-4 , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Europol Europol","0","no" "13070",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Europol",,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4811",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13070",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14627","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/46/27","2011-01-31 15:31:50","2016-05-24 10:26:12","2011-01-31 15:31:50","newsletter",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drugnet Europe 72.","pub","VH","","none",,,,,,,,,"2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,"October–December",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,"October–December",,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drugnet/72","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"20",,,"VH",,"VA Geographic area > Europe",,"Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14008","12","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/40/08","2010-10-12 13:52:13","2011-11-16 16:37:06","2010-10-12 13:52:13","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","The European Union and the drug phenomenon: frequently asked questions.","pub","VH","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Respect for fundamental rights, protection of public health, well-being, social cohesion and security are the objectives that guide the actions taken by the European Union in the field of illicit drugs. The EU drugs strategy 2005–12 provides the framework for enhanced coordination between action taken at national, EU and international level and commits the members of the EU to tackle illicit drugs by striking a balance between reducing supply and demand. This joint publication between the EMCDDA and the European Commission brings together some of the key frequently asked questions on the EU’s drugs policy and how it functions. Further details can be found via the websites and other links provided at the end of each answer. Table of contents: 1. What are the competences of the EU in the fi eld of drugs under the Lisbon Treaty? 2. Who are the main actors of EU drugs policy? 3. What are the main features of the ‘European approach on drugs’? 4. What is meant by drug demand reduction? 5. What is meant by drug supply reduction? 6. Why are the EU drugs action plans important? 7. Are the EU drugs action plans evaluated? How? 8. How does the EU deal with precursors? 9. How does the EU act at international level on drugs issues? 10. What assistance does the EU provide for candidate and potential candidate countries? 11. What assistance does the EU provide for European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) partners? 12. What does the EU do regarding new psychoactive substances? 13. What is the Early warning system? 14. Where can I fi nd information on national and EU drugs legislation? 15. What about civil society? 16. What is Reitox and what is a national drugs observatory?","2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"12 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-449-6",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/joint-publications/eu-faq","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VH , MP18-2","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , European Commission European Commission","0","no" "14008",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European Commission",,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14377","24","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/43/77","2010-12-10 09:02:32","2014-04-09 21:56:00","2010-12-10 09:02:32","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","First European conference on drug supply indicators — key conclusions.","pub","MP18-2-8-10","","public",,"other","other",,,"First European conference on drug supply indicators, 20-22 October 2010, Brussels.",,"The main goal of the First European conference on drug supply indicators was to launch the work needed to establish a set of technically sound and sustainable indicators for monitoring drug markets, crime and supply reduction for Europe. The event brought together for the first time a wide range of European and international experts to assess the current state of the art in this domain and develop a realistic strategy for moving forward in an area of importance for European drug policies. The conference was a joint venture between the European Commission (EC) and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) with the active involvement of Europol. The key conclusions from the event are presented in this document. Table of contents: • Objectives • Key conclusions and the way forward • Where do we go next?","2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"14 p.","First European conference on drug supply indicators","Brussels","20–22 October 2010","conference",,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/supply-indicator-conference-2010/conclusions","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"MP18-2-8-10 , RP , VH , MM2-2-2","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy -- R Research > Data collection method -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime > Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy -- Data collection method -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime - Crime associated with drugs and alcohol production and distribution","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14377",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RP",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14377",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14377",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14181","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/41/81","2010-11-10 09:37:40","2011-11-16 16:37:40","2010-11-10 09:37:40","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Problem amphetamine and methamphetamine use in Europe.","pub","BJ2-6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Focusing on European countries where amphetamine or methamphetamine is an important part of the drug problem, this Selected issue looks at the current situation in the light of the historical development of amphetamines use since the introduction of these substances as medicines in the 1930s. The history of amphetamines use is the result of an interplay of global forces, such as the spread of recreational drug use in the 1960s and the arrival of heroin on the European drug scene in the 1970s, and local events such as the rise of small-scale pervitin (methamphetamine) production in what was then Czechoslovakia. The outcome of this is that, in the present day, problem amphetamines use across Europe is marked by strong national characteristics, possibly more so than any other of the major illicit drugs. Table of contents: * Introduction * Part 1: Overview of amphetamines use in Europe * Part 2: Problem amphetamines use in Europe * Conclusions","2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"40 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-450-2",,,,,,,,"","","4906","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/problem-amphetamine","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BJ2-6 , BJ2-2 , VH , AA2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Methamphetamine -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Amphetamines -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","CNS stimulants - Methamphetamine -- CNS stimulants - Amphetamines -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14181",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4907",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14181",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14181",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13862","22","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/01/38/62","2010-09-13 07:36:06","2014-04-09 21:54:56","2010-09-13 07:36:06","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone).","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"On 15 July 2010, the EMCDDA extended Scientific Committee, with the participation of additional experts from the EU Member States, European Commission, Europol and the European Medicines Agency, undertook a formal risk assessment on the synthetic drug mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone). This constituted the second phase in the three-step legal procedure established to monitor and respond to new psychoactive substances in Europe (information exchange/early-warning; risk assessment; decision-making). The risk-assessment report is now submitted to the Commission and Council of the EU in the final stage of the process. On the basis of the report, the Council, upon an initiative of the Commission, may decide to subject mephedrone to control measures throughout the EU.","2010",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"16 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","chrome://updatescan/content/diffPage.xul?id=349&title=EMCDDA%20%7C%20European%20Monitoring%20Centre%20for%20Drugs%20and%20Drug%20Addiction%20%u2014%20information%20on%20drugs%20and%20drug%20addiction%20in%20Europe&url=http%3A//www.emcdda.europa.eu/&oldDat","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , LY4 , BJ6-1 , BN","L Social psychology and related concepts > Legal availability or accessibility -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > Synthetic cathinones > Mephedrone -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Legal availability or accessibility -- CNS stimulants - Synthetic cathinones - Mephedrone -- New psychoactive substances","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "13862",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LY4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13862",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ6-1",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13862",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14180","19","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/41/80","2010-11-10 09:31:51","2011-11-16 16:37:40","2010-11-10 09:31:51","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Treatment and care for older drug users.","pub","HK2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"'Drug problems have no age limits' -- This special review published alongside the 2010 Annual report, reveals why drug use is no longer simply a ‘youth phenomenon’. Europe is experiencing a pronounced ageing of its population, around a quarter of which will be aged 65 or over by 2050. Statistics published today show that Europe’s drug-using population is also ageing and that meeting the needs of older drug users is a growing issue for treatment services. This is particularly the case in western countries which saw the EU’s first heroin epidemics in the 1980s and 1990s. Table of contents: • Introduction • Setting the scene: ageing and drug use in Europe • Ageing and problem drug use • Drug use, health and social characteristics of older problem drug users in Europe • Responses to older problem drug users: policies, treatment and care • Overall findings","2010","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"36 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","4914","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/older-drug-users","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"HK2 , LC2-4 , TA16-6 , JP10 , VH","HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Interpersonal interaction and group dynamics > Social support -- T Demographic characteristics > Elderly / Older person -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Interpersonal interaction and group dynamics - Social support -- Elderly / Older person -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "14180",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LC2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14180",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA16-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14180",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14180",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047","27","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/40/47","2010-10-19 07:21:41","2014-04-09 21:55:21","2010-10-19 07:21:41","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Goosdeel","Alexis","","","","Goosdeel:Alexis::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Building a national drugs observatory: a joint handbook.","pub","RA14-6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"National drugs observatories have flourished and developed rapidly over the last two decades as a direct consequence of the decisions taken to establish regional drug monitoring systems, both in the European Union and in the Americas. Initially, there was no reference framework available — observatories were set-up using trial and error, taking into account different national contexts and resources. This explains why today there are as many models of observatories as there are countries establishing them. Looking back at this long process, there seemed to be a need to formalise the experiences in the field, and to identify some key concepts and principles that remain valid irrespective of country or region. This handbook, a joint production by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission of the Organization of American States (CICAD–OAS), presents and describes in a clear and informative way the core operational processes and the key strategic factors that are common to all national drugs observatories. Table of contents • Why do we need a national drugs observatory? • What is a national drugs observatory? • Running a national drugs observatory — data collectionand monitoring • Running a national drugs observatory — analysis and interpretation • Running a national drugs observatory — reporting and dissemination • Ensuring a national drugs observatory is successful • Challenging questions • Conclusions","2010","published",,"Goosdeel Alexis",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"114 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-425-0",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RA14-6 , JG10-4 , JA8-2 , JA2 , JU10 , ND2-6 , VH , MP18-2","R Research > Research outcome > Policy implications of research -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health care administration > Health care quality control -- N Communication, information and education > Information transfer > Information transfer from research to practice -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Research outcome - Policy implications of research -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Health care administration - Health care quality control -- Information transfer - Information transfer from research to practice -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","Goosdeel Alexis , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission of the Organization of American States Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commi","0","no" "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission of the Organization of American States",,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JU10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND2-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "14047",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12761","24","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/27/61","2010-01-13 15:33:08","2014-05-29 08:41:15","2010-01-13 15:33:08","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA conference proceedings: identifying Europe's information needs for effective drug policy.","pub","RA14-6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The conference Identifying Europe’s information needs for effective drug policy marked the 15th anniversary of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), and our activity of monitoring drugs and drug addiction in the European Union. It had several objectives: to better understand the current needs of policymakers, practitioners and researchers, to identify new developments in the drugs field and new results of drug-related research, and to provide input on the future work of the EMCDDA and its partners. This publication summarises the presentations and discussions from the plenary and parallel sessions. It reflects the dynamism and commitment of those who study and respond to the drugs problem, and who made the conference such a productive, stimulating and successful event. The content of this publication will therefore be a vital tool for guiding the further development of our activities here in Lisbon.","2009-12","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"60 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-4090",,,,,,,,"","","4783","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RA14-6 , ND14 , MP18-2 , ND2 , VH , JH2","R Research > Research outcome > Policy implications of research -- N Communication, information and education > Information use and impact -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- N Communication, information and education > Information transfer -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education","VA Geographic area > Europe","Research outcome - Policy implications of research -- Information use and impact -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Information transfer -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12761",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12761",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12761",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"ND2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12761",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12761",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12593","25","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/25/93","2009-11-05 09:45:34","2014-05-29 08:48:41","2009-11-05 09:45:34","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","JA2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policymakers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents * Policies and laws * Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview * Cannabis * Amphetamines, ecstasy and LSD * Cocaine and crack cocaine * Opioid use and drug injection * Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths * New drugs and emerging trends","2009-11-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"99 p.",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-384-0",,,,,,,,"","","4751","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA2 , MP18-2 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol","VA Geographic area > Europe","Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12593",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12593",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12595","22","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/25/95","2009-11-05 09:58:52","2014-05-29 08:46:26","2009-11-05 09:58:52","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug offences: sentencing and other outcomes.","pub","MO","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The sentences that offenders receive for drug law violations across the European Union are examined for the first time in this ‘Selected issue’. By analysing the most recent year’s statistics, this report attempts to answer the question: What is the most likely outcome for an offender after being stopped by police for a drug law offence of use or personal possession, or supply or trafficking? Table of contents * Sketching out the European picture * Information on drug law offences and outcomes * Sentencing users and traffickers: problems of separation * Discontinuance of legal action: a common outcome? * Penalties received by drug law offenders * Directing users to treatment * Online annex: results by country","2009-11-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"23 p.",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-408-3",,,,,,,,"","","4739","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/sentencing-statistics","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_92889_EN_onlineannex_SIsentencing.pdf","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO , MM2-2 , VH","MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime","VA Geographic area > Europe","Law enforcement and the justice system -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12595",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12595",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12597","25","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/25/97","2009-11-05 10:12:27","2014-04-09 21:52:35","2009-11-05 10:12:27","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2009 Thematic paper: Understanding the 'Spice' phenomenon.","pub","BE4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Smokable herbal mixtures under the brand name 'Spice' are known to have been sold on the Internet and in various specialised shops since at least 2006 and anecdotal reports suggest that those products may have been available as early as 2004. Although advertised as an 'exotic incense blend which releases a rich aroma' and 'not for human consumption', when smoked, Spice products have been reported by some users to have effects similar to those of cannabis. Table of contents * Introduction and background * Herbal components of Spice products * Cannabinoid receptor agonists: a brief chemical overview * Forensic identification, pharmacology and toxicology of JWH-018, CP 47,497 and their alkyl homologs * EMCDDA survey * Internet information * Control measures * Conclusions","2009-11-05","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"34 p..",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-411-3",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/thematic-papers/spice","","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BE4 , BN , VH , MR2-8-4","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Cannabis product (synthetic cannabinoids) -- New psychoactive substances -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12596","19","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/25/96","2009-11-05 10:06:31","2014-05-29 08:45:41","2009-11-05 10:06:31","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Polydrug use: patterns and responses.","pub","VH","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This 'Selected issue' looks at the concomitant or consecutive use of different licit and illicit drugs (polydrug use) among adolescents, young adults and problem drug users. Data from school and general population surveys, and on drug treatment entrants and drug-related deaths are analysed to describe the many forms and consequences of this widespread pattern of drug use. The responses to polydrug use in Europe are reviewed in the light of the scientific literature, with the aim of identifying the most effective interventions. Table of contents * Polydrug use among adolescents * Polydrug use among young adults * Responses to polydrug use among adolescents and young adults * Polydrug use and its health consequences among problem drug users * Responding to polydrug use among problem drug users * Online annex","2009-11-05",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Publications Office of the European Union","Luxembourg",,"29 p.",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-410-6",,,,,,,,"","","4743","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/polydrug-use","http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/selected-issues/polydrug-use/annex","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VH , GC14","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol disorder - Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12420","17","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/24/20","2009-09-21 13:21:12","2014-04-09 21:52:10","2009-09-21 13:21:12","factsheet",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Factsheet from the EU drugs agency in Lisbon: responding to the drugs driving in Europe.","pub","AN8-4","","public",,"other",,,,"No 6/2009",,,"2009-09-18","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"2 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"5",,,"AN8-4","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving",,"Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11886","22","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/18/86","2009-05-06 07:41:55","2014-05-29 08:50:25","2009-05-06 07:41:55","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Decorte","Tom","","","","Decorte:Tom::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug use: an overview of general population surveys in Europe.","pub","RD2-10-2-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,,"2009-05",,,"Decorte Tom",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"101 p.",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-375-8",,,,,,,,"","","4733","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RD2-10-2-2 , VH , AA2","R Research > Type of research study > Empirical study > Survey > General population survey -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Type of research study - Empirical study - Survey - General population survey -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","Decorte Tom , Mortelmans Dimitri , Tieberghien Julie , De Moor Sabine , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11886",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mortelmans","Dimitri","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4734",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11886",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Tieberghien","Julie","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11886",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"De Moor","Sabine","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11729","24","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/17/29","2009-03-30 08:59:40","2014-05-29 08:40:28","2009-03-30 08:59:40","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Summary: The 2007 ESPAD report. Substance use among students in 35 countries.","pub","TA14","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Use of illicit drugs among 15–16-year-old school students, appears to have stabilised or slightly fallen, according to the latest European study of this group published today by ESPAD. The report, which follows a 2007 survey conducted in 35 European countries, also reveals a decrease in last-month rates of cigarette smoking among school students. However, it sounds the alarm over clear rises in the group’s ‘heavy episodic drinking’, and the narrowing gender gap in this behaviour.","2009-03","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"18 p.",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-357",,,,,,,,"","","4759","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"TA14 , TN , VH , AA2","T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- T Demographic characteristics > Student (secondary level) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Student (secondary level) -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11729",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4760",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11729",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11729",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11541","31","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/15/41","2009-03-09 09:17:23","2014-04-09 21:50:02","2009-03-09 09:17:22","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Thematic paper: Women’s voices: experiences and perceptions of women facing drug problems.","pub","MO4-12-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Epidemiological studies routinely collect quantitative data on gender differences in drug use (e.g. prevalence, mortality), but far less is published on the qualitative aspects of female drug problems. This review presents quotations gleaned from interviews with women in eight countries. Through these testimonies, the report illustrates how qualitative research can provide glimpses into the experiences and perceptions of women facing drug issues that statistics alone cannot provide. Table of contents: * Confusion for women as parents of drug users * Neglect and physical and sexual abuse * Childcare and being a ‘good’ mother * Women in prison * Stigma, policies and practices that make it difficult for women to access services * Discussion and conclusions","2009-03",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"24 p.",,,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,"","","","978-92-9168-350-5",,,,"EMCDDA Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO4-12-2 , RD2-8 , T10-4 , FR16 , TL4","MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- R Research > Type of research study > Empirical study > Qualitative study -- T Demographic characteristics > Woman (women / female) -- F Concepts in psychology > Attitude and behaviour > Attitude toward drugs and alcohol -- T Demographic characteristics > Drug user",,"Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Type of research study - Empirical study - Qualitative study -- Woman (women / female) -- Attitude and behaviour - Attitude toward drugs and alcohol -- Drug user",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11541",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD2-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11541",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"T10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11541",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"FR16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11541",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12312","22","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/23/12","2009-07-31 14:58:28","2014-04-09 21:51:58","2009-07-31 14:58:28","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Addiction neurobiology: ethical and social implications.","pub","MP18-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report reviews developments in the neuroscience of addiction, explores how they might affect the way we view and treat drug problems, and considers the issues that they raise for drug policy in Europe. In language that is easily accessible, the report presents the complex brain processes involved in addition and the ethical implications inherent to current addiction research.","2009","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 9","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"188 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","4730","","available","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"MP18-2 , AJ4 , VH , EA","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Theory of drugs and alcohol use > Biological drugs and alcohol use disorder theory -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > General life processes (physiology)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Theory of drugs and alcohol use - Biological drugs and alcohol use disorder theory -- General life processes (physiology)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12312",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AJ4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4731",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12312",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4732",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12312",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "13244","11","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/32/44","2010-06-18 07:31:19","2014-04-09 21:53:46","2010-06-18 07:31:19","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2008.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents Part I: Report of activities • Synthesis of main results compared with the objectives of the 2008 work programme • Overview of core business activities • Cooperation and collaboration with partners • Support activities • Statutory bodies and executive management Part II: Management and internal control systems • Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal control systems • Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems • Declaration of assurance of Authorising Officer","2009","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"101 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92–9168–376–5",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index80986EN.html","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12311","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/23/11","2009-07-31 14:58:08","2014-04-09 21:51:58","2009-07-31 14:58:08","article",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Neurobiological research on drugs: ethical and policy implications.","pub","MP18-2","","public",,,,,,,,"Table of contents Definitions Key issues at a glance Conclusions and policy considerations Key sources Web information","2009","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"Drugs in Focus","19",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"1-4",,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"1","19","Drugs in Focus","MP18-2 , AJ4 , EA","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Theory of drugs and alcohol use > Biological drugs and alcohol use disorder theory -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > General life processes (physiology)",,"Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Theory of drugs and alcohol use - Biological drugs and alcohol use disorder theory -- General life processes (physiology)",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AJ4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12311",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EA",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12310","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/23/10","2009-07-31 14:57:50","2014-04-09 21:51:58","2009-07-31 14:57:50","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Preventing later substance use disorders in at-risk children and adolescents.","pub","JC4-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This review on indicated prevention adds to the current knowledge and understanding of risk factors in the development of later drug problems and dependence, focusing on the mental health and behavioural problems that develop during childhood. Indicated prevention is a relatively new branch of drug prevention and can be seen as the third part of the ‘prevention chain’, after universal and selective prevention. Its aim is not necessarily to prevent drug use or initiation to it, but rather to prevent the development of dependence, diminish frequency of use and avert ‘dangerous’ patterns of substance use (e.g. moderate instead of binge-drinking). Table of contents: * Principles of indicated prevention * Risk and protective factors in the development of substance use and substance use disorder * Guidelines and standards for the assessment and treatment of psychiatric risk conditions for adolescent substance abuse * Strategies and programmes in indicated prevention * Ethical issues * Conclusions and recommendations","2009","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"88 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1725-5767",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JC4-4 , TA14 , JB2 , TA12 , VH","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- T Demographic characteristics > Child","VA Geographic area > Europe","Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Child","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12310",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12310",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12310",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12310",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11644","19","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/44","2009-03-18 15:45:18","2014-04-09 21:50:21","2009-03-18 15:45:18","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of BZP in the framework of the Council decision on new psychoactive substances.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This publication presents the findings of the formal risk assessment on BZP, produced in 2007 by the Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA, with participation of additional experts from the European Commission, Europol and the EMEA. The risk assessment report, which was submitted to the European Commission and the Council of the European Union on 31 May 2007, examines the health and social risks of the drug, as well as information on international trafficking and the involvement of organised crime. Furthermore, the report considers the potential implications for placing the drug under control in the EU. On the basis of this report — and on the initiative of the European Commission — on 3 March 2008, the Council decided that BZP is to be subject to control measures. Table of contents • Risk assessment report of a new psychoactive substance: 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) • Europol–EMCDDA joint report on BZP • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) • Criminological and sociological evidence and public health risks","2009","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"91 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-345-1",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 8",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6 , BN , BJ5","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > BZP (Benzylpiperazine) (other piperazines)","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment -- New psychoactive substances -- CNS stimulants - BZP (Benzylpiperazine) (other piperazines)","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11644",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11644",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11644",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BJ5",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "12419","17","archive","3",,,"disk0/00/01/24/19","2009-09-21 13:03:44","2014-04-09 21:52:10","2009-09-21 13:03:44","article",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Responding to drug driving in Europe.","pub","AN8-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Many of the accidents and deaths that occur on European roads are caused by drivers whose performance is impaired by a psychoactive substance. Alcohol alone is estimated to account for up to 10 000 road deaths a year in the European Union, one quarter of all road deaths. No comparable figures are available for road accidents related to illicit drugs and psychoactive medicines, though these have been receiving increasing attention over the past decade.","2009","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"Drugs in Focus",,"20","20","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,"1681-5157",,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"1","unspecified","Drugs in Focus","AN8-4 , VH","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving","VA Geographic area > Europe","Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "12419",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11974","30","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/19/74","2009-05-28 09:50:18","2014-04-09 21:51:13","2009-05-28 09:50:18","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Tossmann","Hans-Peter","","Dr","","Tossmann:Hans-Peter::Dr","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Internet-based drug treatment interventions: best practice and applications in EU Member States.","pub","NJ","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This report provides a comprehensive review of the relatively new phenomenon of Internet-based drug treatment interventions (DTI). It presents a sample of Internet-based DTI programmes across Europe and outlines their methodologies, providing a series of screenshots to further demonstrate the websites’ content and to provide an overall impression of the types of online treatment available. This publication is a useful resource for researchers, policymakers and the general public, to gain an insight into the potential for the Internet to become a new channel for drug treatment intervention Table of contents • Executive summary • Background • Methods • Findings • Outline of European Internet-based DTIs • Discussion • Future of Internet-based DTIs in the European Union","2009","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 10","Tossmann Hans-Peter",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"89 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-348-2",,,,,,,,"","","4711","","available","","","","","",,,"Ref. EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"NJ , HZ26 , HK2 , JP10 , JA2 , VH","N Communication, information and education > Information technology -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Information technology -- Treatment outcome -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","Tossmann Hans-Peter , Leuschner Fabian , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Leuschner","Fabian","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4712",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11974",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11627","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/27","2009-03-18 10:44:44","2014-04-09 21:50:18","2009-03-18 10:44:44","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Assessing illicit drugs in wastewater.","pub","VQ6","","public",,,,,,,,"This report presents a number of contributions that relate to analysing communal wastewaters for drugs and their metabolic products in order to estimate their consumption in the community. This area of work is developing in a multidisciplinary fashion, involving scientists working in different research areas. For this reason, the contributions to this publication come from a variety of different perspectives including: analytical chemistry, physiology and biochemistry, sewage engineering, spatial epidemiology and statistics, and conventional drug epidemiology. Table of contents • Introduction to sewage epidemiology • Estimating community drug use • Drug metabolism • On the occurrence and fate of illicit substances in sewer systems • Georeferenced wastewater sampling and applied spatial statistics • Integrating wastewater analysis with conventional approaches to measuring drug use • Overall conclusions","2008","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 9.","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"100 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-317-8",,,,,,,,"","","4470","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"VQ6 , AA2","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11627",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4471",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11626","23","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/26","2009-03-18 10:31:26","2014-04-09 21:50:17","2009-03-18 10:31:26","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents.","pub","VQ6","","public",,,,,,,,"This literature review provides a comprehensive report on the relationship between drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents. It covers methodological issues, presents results of prevalence surveys among drivers and provides an overview of findings from major international epidemiological surveys published since 1999. The report also gathers evidence from experimental and field studies of the relationship between drug use, driving impairment and traffic accidents Table of contents • Methodological issues in determining the relationship between drug consumption, impaired driving and traffic accidents • Prevalence of drugs in drivers • Effects and risks associated with drugs • Overall conclusion","2008","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 8.","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"196 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-318-5",,,,,,,,"","","4467","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"VQ6 , MN32-2 , AN8-4 , AM","MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) > Drinking-and-driving laws -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Transportation safety laws (driving) - Drinking-and-driving laws -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN32-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4468",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11626",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11594","26","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/15/94","2009-03-16 09:48:27","2014-05-29 08:44:06","2009-03-16 09:48:27","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2008 selected issue - Drugs and vulnerable groups of young people.","pub","TA14","","public",,"other",,,,,,"With up to 2 million problem drug users in the EU, it's high time to raise awareness of vulnerable groups, especially youth, on the risks of drug taking.’ European Commission Vice-President Jacques Barrot, September 2008. Social policy in Europe has long identified disadvantaged populations who manifest potential for social exclusion. These ‘vulnerable groups’ are specific groups among the wider population that may be more prone to a range of problems, from ill health, substance use and poor diet, to lower educational achievement. Groups of young people identified as vulnerable — examples include children in care institutions or homeless young people — might be prone to earlier, more frequent, or more problematic drug use. They might also experience faster progression to problem drug use Table of contents • Identifying groups most at risk of developing drug problems • Monitoring vulnerability in Europe • Building resilience to drug problems • Identifying and responding to the needs of vulnerable groups • Vulnerable young people with ties to institutions • Vulnerable families • Homeless young people • Vulnerable populations in the community • Overall findings and common trends","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"34 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-343-7",,,,,,,,"","","4427","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"TA14 , JA6 , VQ6 , TA12 , AD","T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and protective factors -- T Demographic characteristics > Child -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Risk and protective factors -- Child -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11594",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11594",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11594",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11594",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11596","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/15/96","2009-03-16 10:07:00","2014-05-29 08:45:00","2009-03-16 10:07:00","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2008 selected issue - National drug-related research in Europe.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Drug-related research is crucial to understanding Europe’s drug problems. Research enables Europe to learn lessons from the past, by identifying historical patterns of drug use, and studying the cycles and variations in the use of substances. Research sharpens Europe’s awareness and monitoring of the present. It provides surveys and data on the scope and scale of drug problems, and looks into emerging trends and new patterns in drug use. Research helps Europe to prepare for the future, by looking at practical issues such as resource allocation, best practices, the piloting of innovative approaches to managing problem drug use. Table of contents • Introduction • National frameworks for drug-related research • Drug-related research dissemination • Conclusions • References","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"29 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-342-0",,,,,,,,"","","4434","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , JA2 , RD8-4","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4435",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11596",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11595","22","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/15/95","2009-03-16 09:56:42","2014-05-29 08:43:24","2009-03-16 09:56:42","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2008 selected issue - Towards a better understanding of drug-related public expenditure in Europe.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"A confirmed political will to address the drugs problem in Europe lies not only in the development of appropriate policies, but in the amount of public funds assigned to implement such policies. One of the aims of the EU drugs action plan (2005–08) is to produce estimates of public expenditure on drug-related issues. Doing so is a challenge, due to the range of political structures and government accounting systems present in Europe. Table of contents • Drug-related economic evaluation: key issues • Drug-related public expenditure in Europe • Conclusions and recommendations","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"28 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1830-7957",,,,,,,,"","","4430","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , MT2","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing)","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing)","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11595",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5034",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11595",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MT2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11593","19","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/15/93","2009-03-16 09:35:21","2014-04-09 21:50:12","2009-03-16 09:35:21","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Annual report 2008: the state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policymakers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Policies and laws • Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview • Cannabis • Amphetamines, ecstasy and LSD • Cocaine and crack cocaine • Opioid use and drug injection • Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths • New drugs and emerging trends","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"98 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-324-6",,,,,,,,"","","4424","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11593",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11593",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11621","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/21","2009-03-16 15:09:47","2014-04-09 21:50:17","2009-03-16 15:09:47","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2007.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents Part I: Report of activities • Synthesis of main results compared with the objectives of the 2006 work programme • Overview of activities by programme • Administrative support • Statutory bodies and executive management Part II: Management and internal control systems • Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal control systems • Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems • Declaration of assurance of authorising officer","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"130 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1725-4558",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11657","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/57","2009-03-19 12:06:23","2014-04-09 21:50:23","2009-03-19 12:06:23","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","GHB and its precursor GBL: an emerging trend case study.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Concerns are increasing in the EU about the use of chemicals employed in the manufacture of the recreational drug GHB. The report GHB and its precursor GBL: an emerging trend case study is published as part of the EMCDDA's E-POD project to track new patterns of drug use in Europe. Table of contents • About the E-POD project • Introduction • Description • Prevalence and use patterns • Markets and availability • Dose and effects • Negative health consequences • Conclusions","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"32 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-314-7",,,,"EMCDDA Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , AD","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11657",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11653","22","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/53","2009-03-19 11:36:32","2014-04-09 21:50:23","2009-03-19 11:36:32","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Monitoring the supply of cocaine to Europe.","pub","MP18-2-8-10","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Growing cocaine use in several EU countries, and increased seizures of cocaine on air, sea and land routes, have become subjects of increasing concern to policymakers. This datasheet provides a short review of key issues relating to how cocaine is manufactured in Latin America and transported to European consumers via the Atlantic, Caribbean and west Africa. It also looks at the destabilising effect of the cocaine trade on producer and transshipment countries. Table of contents • Introduction • Coca and cocaine production in the Andean-Amazonian region • Estimating coca cultivation • Estimating cocaine production • Suppressing coca in Colombia • Drug production and the land issue in Colombia • Drug production and armed groups in Colombia • Main trafficking routes to Europe • Importation to Europe and distribution • Potassium permanganate • International supply reduction initiatives at the EU level • Conclusions • References","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"29 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,"EMCDDA Technical Datasheet Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MP18-2-8-10 , MM20-10-8 , BK , MM20-10-4-4 , VH","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking)","VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- Cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal transportation of drugs (smuggling / trafficking)","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11653",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11653",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11653",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM20-10-4-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11653",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11652","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/52","2009-03-19 11:31:30","2014-04-09 21:50:22","2009-03-19 11:31:30","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Monitoring the supply of heroin to Europe.","pub","MP18-2-8-10","","public",,"other",,,,,,"In recent years, anxiety in Europe has increased about the impact of record opium harvests in Afghanistan, and a decrease in heroin retail prices. This datasheet provides a condensed review of the key issues about how heroin manufactured from Afghan opium reaches European consumers via the Balkan and northern routes. Table of contents • Foreword • Introduction • Afghanistan: main producer of illicit poppy • Heroin entering Europe: the different routes • The Balkan route • The ‘northern route’ • European routes • Alternative routes and new markets • Traffic of acetic anhydride • European and international initiatives • Conclusion • References","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"20 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,"EMCDDA Technical Datasheet Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MP18-2-8-10 , BL2 , VH","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Heroin","VA Geographic area > Europe","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy -- Opioids (opiates) - Heroin","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11652",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BL2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11652",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11625","28","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/25","2009-03-18 10:21:26","2015-09-23 08:55:46","2009-03-18 10:21:26","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Prevention of substance abuse.","pub","JG","","public",,,,,,,,"This publication provides information on best practice in drug prevention at European, national, regional and municipal level. It is a translation of a German study commissioned by the Federal Centre for Health Education, Cologne. While, in some sections, reference is made particularly to Germany, the publication’s conclusions are international, providing added value for a pan-European or global readership. It is hoped that the publication will help accelerate the development in Member States of quality standards for prevention projects and training requirements for prevention workers.","2008","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 7","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"171 P.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-313-0",,,,,,,,"","","4464","","available","","","","","",,"
Note: This publication was updated in 2015 as Prevention of addictive behaviours
","REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"JG , VQ6 , VH6-2 , JB2 , JE","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union -- VA Geographic area > Europe > Germany","Prevention approach -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Prevention programme or service","Europe - European Union -- Europe - Germany","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11625",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4465",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11625",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11625",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11625",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11651","20","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/51","2009-03-19 11:26:58","2014-04-09 21:50:22","2009-03-19 11:26:58","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Sexual assaults facilitated by drugs or alcohol.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Over the past 10 years, there has been a rise in the number of reports of drugs and alcohol being used to immobilise victims for the purpose of sexual assault. Population surveys carried out in six EU countries suggest that up to 20% of women experience some form of sexual assault in their adult lifetime. A lack of appropriate monitoring systems means that the full scale of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) remains unknown. Better monitoring of the phenomenon is an essential first step in addressing the problem. Table of contents • Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) • Drugs that facilitate sexual assault • Evidence of drug-facilitated sexual assault • Responses • Conclusions for change in Europe","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"19 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,"EMCDDA Technical Datasheet Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , MM2-2","MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11651",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11658","22","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/58","2009-03-19 12:12:26","2014-04-09 21:50:23","2009-03-19 12:12:26","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Thematic paper on indicated prevention.","pub","JC4-4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This review on indicated prevention adds to the current knowledge and understanding of risk factors in the development of later drug problems and dependence, focusing on the mental health and behavioural problems that develop during childhood. Indicated prevention is a relatively new branch of drug prevention and can be seen as the third part of the ‘prevention chain’, after universal and selective prevention. Its aim is not necessarily to prevent drug use or initiation to it, but rather to prevent the development of dependence, diminish frequency of use and avert ‘dangerous’ patterns of substance use (e.g. moderate instead of binge-drinking). Table of contents • Principles of indicated prevention • Risk and protective factors in the development of substance use and substance use disorder • Guidelines and standards for the assessment and treatment of psychiatric risk conditions for adolescent substance abuse • Strategies and programmes in indicated prevention • Ethical issues • Conclusions and recommendations","2008","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"88 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1725-5767",,,,"EMCDDA Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JC4-4 , JG10-4 , JH , VQ6 , JB2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- Health-related prevention -- Drugs and alcohol prevention","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11634","26","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/34","2009-03-18 14:36:29","2015-12-22 14:38:42","2009-03-18 14:36:29","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences.","pub","VA2","","public",,,,,,,,"The EMCDDA’s cannabis monograph addresses one basic question. How can I find quality information on cannabis, amid all the bias and opinion? The monograph is divided into two volumes. The first volume centres on political, legislative, commercial and social developments relating to cannabis. Its core audience thus comprises policymakers, sociologists, historians, journalists and those involved in enforcement. The second volume is targeted at drugs professionals working in the fields of treatment, prevention and healthcare.","2008","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 8","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"352 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-311-6",,,,,,,,"","","4479","Volume 1","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"VA2 , VQ6 , B6 , AM , AA2","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > International aspects -- VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Cannabis / Marijuana -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","International aspects -- Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11634",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4478","Volume 2","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11634",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4480","Volume 2","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11634",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4827","Volume 1","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11634",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11630","23","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/30","2009-03-18 13:37:07","2014-04-09 21:50:18","2009-03-18 13:37:07","guideline",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Guidelines for the evaluation of treatment in the field of problem drug use; a manual for researchers and professionals.","pub","RF2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The main objective of the guidelines is to provide a European audience with basic information on the options, elements and procedures of drug-related treatment evaluation. The target readership includes professionals working in treatment services for substance use and dependence, administrators and officials in social and health authorities, researchers dealing with treatment of substance dependence, and those who professionally or politically may have an interest in evidence from treatment evaluation. Table of contents Part 1: Approaching evaluation • Why evaluate treatment? • Preparing for treatment evaluation Part 2: Implementing evaluation • Quantitative evaluation • Qualitative evaluation • Implementing and assuring the evaluation process • Communicating and presenting your results Part 3: Evaluation networks • Evaluation and research networkks Part 4: Glossary","2007","published",,"EMCDDA",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"76 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"manual","aod_disorder_treatment_method","alcohol_drugs_in_general","92-9168-279-9",,,,"EMCDDA Manual Series No. 3","EMCDDA",,,"","","4472","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"3",,,"RF2 , HZ26 , MQ8-10 , VQ6 , RC","R Research > Research and evaluation -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Research and evaluation -- Treatment outcome -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Research and evaluation method","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "11630",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"education_and_training",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11630",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11630",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11630",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6369","20","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/63/69","2007-12-11 15:19:29","2014-05-29 08:42:27","2008-12-11 09:47:06","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2007 selected issue - Drug use and related problems among very young people (under 15 years old).","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"annual report, AOD use, Europe, young AOD user",,"Includes bibliographical references.",,"Table of contents • Prevalence and patterns of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use • Drug-related consequences among very young people: under-15s entering treatment for drug use and other problems • High-risk groups and correlates • Responses • Legislation and regulations • Conclusions","2007","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"20 p,.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-308-6",,"1558","tblReport",,,,,"","","4166","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , TL4-6 , TA12 , RD8-4","T Demographic characteristics > Young drug user -- T Demographic characteristics > Child -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Young drug user -- Child -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6369",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6369",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6369",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6368","24","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/63/68","2007-12-11 15:09:07","2014-04-09 21:46:09","2008-12-11 09:47:06","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2007 selected issue - Drugs and driving.","pub","MN32-2","","public",,"other",,"annual report, AOD use and driving, Drugs, Europe",,"Includes bibliographical references.",,"Since the late 1990s, much European and world research has addressed the issue of driving under the influence of psychoactive substances. This Selected issue on ‘Drugs and driving’ focuses on driving after taking cannabis and benzodiazepines. Country responses were analysed to determine the prevalence of these substances among drivers and studied in the context of policy and legislation, law enforcement and prevention. Table of contents • Situation analysis • Policy and legislation • Law enforcement procedures • Prevention approaches and programmes • Conclusion","2007","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"24 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-310-9",,"1557","tblReport",,,,,"","","4156","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MN32-2 , VQ6 , RD8-4 , AN8-4","MM-MO Crime and law > Transportation safety laws (driving) > Drinking-and-driving laws -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Transportation safety laws (driving) - Drinking-and-driving laws -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6368",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4157","Closed Document List","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6368",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6368",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6367","24","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/63/67","2007-12-11 14:36:55","2014-04-09 21:46:09","2008-12-11 09:47:06","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","EMCDDA 2007 selected issue - cocaine and crack cocaine: a growing public health issue.","pub","MM20-10-8","","public",,"other",,"cocaine, crack cocaine, Europe, prevalence",,"Includes bibliographical references and tables.",,"In a Selected issue on ‘Cocaine and crack cocaine: a growing public health issue’ the EMCDDA shows that, in some European countries, there has been a marked increase in recent years in the use of cocaine, in treatment demands for cocaine problems and in seizures of the drug. The potential for cocaine use to have a major impact on public health is examined and special attention given to the health consequences of cocaine use, which are often not well recognised in existing reporting systems. Also examined are the challenges to providing effective treatment for cocaine and crack cocaine dependence. Table of contents • Prevalence of and patterns and trends in cocaine and crack cocaine use • Problems related to cocaine and crack cocaine use • Responses to and interventions in cocaine and crack cocaine use","2007","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"30 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-309-3",,"1556","tblReport",,,,,"","","4155","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MM20-10-8 , VQ6 , BK4-6 , RD8-4 , AD , BK , GA4","MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol offence > Drug offence > Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine > Crack cocaine -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- G Health and disease > Public health","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Drugs and alcohol offence - Drug offence - Illegal drug possession (seizures) -- Cocaine - Crack cocaine -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- Cocaine -- Public health","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6367",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6367",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK4-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6367",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6367",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6367",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6367",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GA4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6370","20","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/63/70","2007-12-11 15:33:25","2014-04-09 21:46:10","2008-12-11 09:47:06","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Annual report 2007: the state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"annual report, AOD use, Europe",,"Includes bibliographical references and tables.",,"Table of contents • Policies and laws • Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview • Cannabis • Amphetamines, ecstasy and LSD • Cocaine and crack cocaine • Opioid use and drug injection • New and emerging drug trends and action on new drugs • Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths","2007","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"91 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-288-1",,"1559","tblReport",,,,,"","","4160","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index190EN.html","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6370",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6370",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11620","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/20","2009-03-16 15:05:46","2014-04-09 21:50:17","2009-03-16 15:05:46","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2006.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents Part I: Report of activities • Synthesis of main results compared with the objectives of the 2006 work programme • Overview of activities by programme • Supporting activities • Statutory bodies and executive management Part II: Management and internal control systems • Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal control systems • Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems • Declaration of assurance of authorising officer","2007","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"110 P.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1725-4558",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11648","31","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/48","2009-03-19 10:47:02","2014-04-09 21:50:21","2009-03-19 10:47:02","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Treatment of problem cocaine use: a review of the literature.","pub","HZ26","","public",,"other",,,,"A review of the literature published since this literature review was first completed is available (March 2009): Treatment of problem cocaine use — a short update.",,"Previously perceived as a drug for the wealthy, cocaine use has become more prevalent in Europe in the last decade. Problem use of the drug has likewise experienced a strong surge, and this has put strain on providers of drug treatment. Increasingly, practitioners need to provide evidence-based treatment services to a heterogeneous population of problem cocaine users. In order to inform the general public and professionals, the EMCDDA has published a comprehensive review of the literature on treatment of problem cocaine use. In accessible language, the review aims to summarise a variety of topics related to cocaine treatment: current issues in the treatment of cocaine dependence; pharmacological and psychosocial treatment; harm reduction; inpatient treatment and aftercare. It also explores a number of innovative European and global responses to cocaine treatment. In addition to a traditional review of the literature, the review includes original information provided by a network of European researchers and practitioners, as well as other key opinion leaders and clinicians working in the field of treatment of cocaine dependence. It thus serves as a snapshot of the state of the art in health responses to cocaine use.","2007",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"60 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-274-8",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"HZ26 , BK , HK2 , VH","HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Treatment outcome -- Cocaine -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11648",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11648",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11648",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "4166","24","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/41/66","2007-10-09 14:33:12","2015-08-07 14:18:20","2008-12-10 23:59:10","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"King","Leslie A","","","","King:Leslie A::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Early-warning system on new psychoactive substances: operating guidelines.","pub","NM6","","public",,"other",,"AOD public warning signs, recommendations or guidelines, European Union, psychoactive substances",,"Includes bibliographical references and annexes.",,"These practical guidelines have been published to assist the implementation of the Council decision on information exchange, risk-assessment and control of new psychoactive substances. They deal with phase 1 of the measures foreseen — the early-warning system. Table of contents • Introduction • The scope of the Council decision • Elements of the early-warning system • The Europol-EMCDDA joint report • Reference compounds","2007","published",,"King Leslie A",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"77 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","978-92-9168-281-2",,"1109","tblBook",,,,,"","","4032","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"NM6 , JG10-4 , VQ6 , BN , JA8-2","N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention approach > Prevention through information and education -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > New psychoactive substances -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Recommendations or guidelines -- Prevention approach - Prevention through information and education -- New psychoactive substances -- Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","King Leslie A , Sedefov Roumen , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "4166",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Sedefov","Roumen","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"JG10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4033",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "4166",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "4166",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BN",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "4166",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6283","16","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/62/83","2007-07-26 10:17:42","2014-04-09 21:45:57","2008-12-11 09:45:56","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Annual Report 2006: The state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"amphetamines, AOD consumption, AOD use, AODR crime, blood-borne diseases, Cannabis, cocaine, crack cocaine, drug consumption, Drugs, Drugs Policy, Europe, illegal distribution of drugs, illegal transportation of drugs, intravenous injection, opioids, public policy on illicit drugs",,"Includes bibliographical references and tables.",,"Table of contents • Policies and laws • Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview • Cannabis • Amphetamines, ecstasy and other psychotropic drugs • Cocaine and crack cocaine • Opioid use and drug injection • Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths • Improving the monitoring of problem consumption and multiple drug consumption","2006","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"96 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-266-7",,"1472","tblReport",,,,,"","","3754","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index190EN.html","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6283",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6283",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6009","32","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/60/09","2006-01-24 10:05:21","2014-04-09 21:45:19","2008-12-11 09:42:28","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) annual report 2005: the state of the drugs problem in Europe.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"annual report, Cannabis, Europe, heroin, prevalence",,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • New developments in policies and laws • Schools, youth and drugs • Cannabis • Amphetamine-type stimulants, LSD and other synthetic drugs • Cocaine and crack cocaine • Heroin and injecting drug use • Crime and prison issues","2006","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"87 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1609-6150",,"1197","tblReport",,,,,"","","3022","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6009",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6009",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6284","33","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/62/84","2007-07-26 10:27:52","2014-05-29 08:48:03","2008-12-11 09:45:57","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) annual report 2006: selected issues.","pub","LN","","public",,"other",,,,"Includes tables and bibliographical references.",,"1. Nearly all European countries now frame their drug policy initiatives within an overall national drugs strategy or action plan. An in-depth analysis of drug policy in Europe in this Selected issue reveals a broadening of the scope of these drug strategies to encompass licit addictive substances, such as alcohol, tobacco and medicines, as well as illicit drugs. 2. The influence of gender not only on patterns and levels of drug consumption in Europe but also on how responses to drug problems are planned and implemented is explored in this Selected issue. Based on a scientific analysis of the available data, it concludes that policymakers, professionals and scientists must always take gender into consideration in the planning of research, analysis, interventions and policy in the drugs field 3. This Selected issue covers all aspects of drug use by young people in music and dance settings, providing data on prevalence and patterns of use, drug availability and the role of the Internet in drug supply and promotion. The risk factors for this type of drug use are outlined as are the health consequences of drug use in these settings. Responses to drug use in recreational settings are covered in depth, both in terms of legislation at national and European levels and in terms of drug prevention programmes","2006","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"57 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-250-0",,"1473","tblReport",,,,,"","","3755","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LN , MC12-10 , VQ6 , TE2 , MP18-2 , RD8-4 , MR2-8-4","L Social psychology and related concepts > Social context -- MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural aspects of AOD use > Recreational drug use -- T Demographic characteristics > Gender differences -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Marketing and public relations (advertising) > Internet retailing (online sales)","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Social context -- Sociocultural aspects of AOD use - Recreational drug use -- Gender differences -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Marketing and public relations (advertising) - Internet retailing (online sales)","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6284",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MC12-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6284",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6284",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TE2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6284",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6284",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6284",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MR2-8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11619","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/19","2009-03-16 15:01:27","2014-04-09 21:50:16","2009-03-16 15:01:27","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2005.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work. Table of contents Part I: Report of activities • Synthesis of main results compared with the objectives of the 2005 work programme • Overview of activities by programme • Supporting activities • Statutory bodies and executive management Part II: Management and internal control systems • Characteristics and nature of EMCDDA management and internal control systems • Assessment and improvement of management and internal control systems • Declaration of assurance of authorising officer","2006","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"90 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-277-2",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11656","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/56","2009-03-19 12:00:59","2014-04-09 21:50:23","2009-03-19 12:00:59","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Hallucinogenic mushrooms.","pub","BF8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Many young Europeans are experimenting with hallucinogenic ('magic') mushrooms, according to this study. The phenomenon may be driven by a broader consumer trend for young people to actively seek out intense experiences and 'natural highs' and by an increasing interest in organic products. Table of contents • Introduction • Markets and availability • Dose and effects • Consequences • Responses • Conclusions","2006","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"33 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1725-5767",,,,"EMCDDA Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BF8-2 , VQ6","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Hallucinogens > Mushrooms","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Hallucinogens - Mushrooms","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11656",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "25767","10","archive","1684",,,"disk0/00/02/57/67","2016-07-06 10:11:41","2016-07-06 10:12:44","2016-07-06 10:11:41","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","",,,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Monitoring new drugs.","pub","BN","","public",,,,,,,,,"2006","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"2 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,"The Lisbon-based European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs in Europe. Its main task is to collect and disseminate data on the use of substances controlled by the United Nations drug conventions (1). However, in recent years, the Centre has become increasingly active in monitoring new substances not listed in these conventions, but which may pose health and social risks to our societies. Today this activity is carried out under the terms of a specific legal instrument adopted by the Council of the European Union in 2005.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BN , VH","B Drugs and alcohol substances > New (novel) psychoactive substances","VA Geographic area > Europe","New (novel) psychoactive substances","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","yes" "25767",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11650","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/50","2009-03-19 11:21:48","2014-04-09 21:50:22","2009-03-19 11:21:48","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Differences in patterns of drug use between women and men.","pub","T8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Gender differences in patterns of drug use are addressed in this technical paper. According to the paper, men in the EU are still more likely than women to use illicit drugs. But there are concerns around possible signs of a ‘narrowing of the gap’ between male and female drug use, and greater similarities in lifetime drug-taking experience, particularly among school students. The paper analyses data from three sources: ESPAD school surveys (1995, 1999, 2003); general population surveys; and drug treatment centres. Table of contents • Key findings • Introduction • Cannabis • Ecstasy • Tranquillisers and sedatives • Alcohol and drug comparisons • Use of drug treatment services • Discussion","2005","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"20 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,"Technical Datasheet Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"T8-2 , T10-4 , VQ6 , TE2 , AD","T Demographic characteristics > Man (men / male) -- T Demographic characteristics > Woman (women / female) -- T Demographic characteristics > Gender differences -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Man (men / male) -- Woman (women / female) -- Gender differences -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11650",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"T10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11650",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11650",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TE2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11650",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11597","32","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/15/97","2009-03-16 10:52:32","2014-05-29 08:47:37","2009-03-16 10:52:29","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) annual report 2005: selected issues.","pub","BL2-3","","public",,"other",,,,,,"1. This Selected issue is not intended to present a systematic and exhaustive review either of all possible definitions of drug-related public nuisance or of all measures, provisions and policies aimed at reducing the problem in the European Union, nor does it aim to reflect precisely the situation regarding public nuisance in each of the countries concerned. Rather, it seeks to contribute to our understanding of the issues and problems related to a new – and somewhat still limited – area for intervention in Member States, candidate countries and Norway. This document aims to present the first EMCDDA qualitative insight into an emerging concern within drug policy debate, at both national and European levels. 2. The alternatives to prison that may be offered to drug-using offenders cover a range of sanctions that may delay, avoid, replace or complement prison sentences for those drug users who have committed an offence normally sanctioned with imprisonment by national law. In this Selected issue, the focus is on those measures that have a drug-related treatment component. It will describe the political and legal background, the application and implementation, including common problems, and the effects of treatment as an alternative to imprisonment. 3. Since the mid-1990s buprenorphine has increasingly become available in Europe as an alternative to methadone for the treatment of opiate dependence. In this Selected issue, the reasons why clinicians are attracted to this drug, as well as the costs and benefits of buprenorphine in comparison with other treatment options, are explored in detail, and, for the first time, the increasing popularity of buprenorphine for the treatment of opiate dependence in many European countries is documented","2005",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"45 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-246-2",,,,,,,,"","","4439","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BL2-3 , MO4 , VQ6 , MM2-2 , RD8-4","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Opioids (opiates) > Buprenorphine -- MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Crime > Drugs and alcohol related crime -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Opioids (opiates) - Buprenorphine -- Justice system -- Crime - Drugs and alcohol related crime -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MO4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MM2-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11597",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11618","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/18","2009-03-16 14:57:13","2014-04-09 21:50:16","2009-03-16 14:57:13","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2004.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","2005","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"75 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-222-5",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11654","22","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/54","2009-03-19 11:52:12","2014-04-09 21:50:23","2009-03-19 11:52:12","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Illicit drug use in the EU: legislative approaches.","pub","MP18-2-8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The paper offers an overview of the current legal provisions on the use and possession of drugs for personal use in the EU Member States. The first part of the study focuses on the international legal framework governing drug use and possession, namely the United Nations Conventions (1961, 1971 and 1988). The study explains that while the three Conventions govern international drug control, it is the responsibility of the signatory countries to translate them into domestic law. All 25 EU countries have ratified and implemented the UN Conventions. The second part of the study offers a summary of the various legal approaches to the personal use of drugs at national level. These range from tolerance of the use of certain drugs to penal sanctions for any use of any substance. Also explored are the concepts of decriminalisation and depenalisation of drug use as well as the relationship between penal and health interventions. Table of contents • Introduction • International legal framework on drugs • National drug use legislation across the European Union • Conclusions","2005","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"48 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-215-2",,,,"EMCDDA Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MP18-2-8-2 , MP18-2-8-10 , VQ6 , MN20-12 , AD","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Prohibition (Drugs and alcohol public policy) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Supply reduction policy -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws > Drug laws -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Prohibition (Drugs and alcohol public policy) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Supply reduction policy -- Drugs and alcohol laws - Drug laws -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11654",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11654",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11654",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20-12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11654",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11655","19","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/55","2009-03-19 11:56:44","2014-04-09 21:50:23","2009-03-19 11:56:44","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Youth media.","pub","TA14","","public",,"other",,,,,,"For the magazine industry, young people represent big business. Editors and advertisers invest in research to know their readership intimately and they design their products to reflect the interests, lifestyles and fashions of their target audience. This paper shows how the ‘youth media’ – youth, music and lifestyle magazines – can help detect, monitor and respond to emerging drug trends among young people. The paper looks at the youth media as a possible information source on new drug ‘fashions’ and explores their potential as a channel to prevent drug-related harm among young people Table of contents • Summary • Introduction • Methods • Contextual frame for drug references in youth media • Results • Discussion and conclusions","2005","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"24 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,"EMCDDA Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"TA14 , VQ6 , TA16-2 , NA6-4","T Demographic characteristics > Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- T Demographic characteristics > Young adult -- N Communication, information and education > Message (portrayal of drugs and alcohol use) > Portrayal of drugs and alcohol use in the media","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Adolescent / youth (teenager / young person) -- Young adult -- Message (portrayal of drugs and alcohol use) - Portrayal of drugs and alcohol use in the media","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11655",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11655",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TA16-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11655",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"NA6-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11599","25","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/15/99","2009-03-16 11:56:31","2014-04-09 21:50:13","2009-03-16 11:56:31","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) 2004 Annual report: the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • An overview of the European drug situation • New developments in policies and laws • Drug prevention — working with communities and targeting those most at risk • Cannabis • Amphetamine-type stimulants, LSD and other synthetic drugs • Cocaine and crack cocaine • Heroin and injecting drug use • Treatment — meeting the needs of those with problems • Crime and prison issues • Evaluation of ‘national drugs strategies’ in Europe Selected issues: • Cannabis problems in context — understanding the increase in European treatment demands • Co-morbidity","2004","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"112 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-199-7",,,,,,,,"","","4443","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , GC12 , B6 , RD8-4 , MP18-2 , AD","G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol related disorder > Dual diagnosis (comorbidity) -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cannabis / Marijuana -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Drugs and alcohol related disorder - Dual diagnosis (comorbidity) -- Cannabis / Marijuana -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11599",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC12",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11599",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"B6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11599",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11599",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11599",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11617","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/17","2009-03-16 14:53:25","2014-04-09 21:50:16","2009-03-16 14:53:25","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2003.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","2004","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"90 P.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","1725-4558",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11642","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/42","2009-03-18 15:30:29","2014-04-09 21:50:20","2009-03-18 15:30:29","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The risk-assessment reports on the synthetic drugs 2C-I; 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 were submitted by the EMCDDA to the European Council and Commission on 4 April 2003. The reports were drawn up at a meeting in Lisbon from 31 March to 1 April under the auspices of an enlarged EMCDDA Scientific Committee. The drugs were singled out by the Council of the EU for risk assessment on 12 December 2002 under the 1997 Joint action on new synthetic drugs. The reports conclude that, due to their structural features, the drugs are potent hallucinogens/stimulants, similar to substances already classified under Schedules I and II of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances. They also note that the substances have no current medical or industrial use. The reports recommend that, due to a potential serious health risk, the drugs should be controlled substances, although some experts consider that insufficient scientific evidence exists to support such a decision. Experts agreed however that whatever the control measures chosen, they should contribute to collecting and disseminating accurate information on the substances to users, and to relevant professionals for preventive and harm-reduction purposes. Table of contents • Reports on the risk assessment of 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Europol–EMCDDA progress report on 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 • Sociological and criminological evidence and public health risks of 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7","2004","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"136 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-181-4",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 6",,,,"","","4490","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11642",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11643","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/43","2009-03-18 15:35:24","2014-04-09 21:50:20","2009-03-18 15:35:24","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of TMA-2 in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The risk-assessment report on the synthetic drug TMA-2 was submitted by the EMCDDA to the European Council and Commission on 4 April 2003. The report was drawn up at a meeting in Lisbon from 31 March to 1 April under the auspices of an enlarged EMCDDA Scientific Committee. The drug was singled out by the Council of the EU for risk assessment on 12 December 2002 under the 1997 Joint action on new synthetic drugs. The report concludes that, due to its structural features, TMA-2 is a potent hallucinogen/stimulant, similar to substances already classified under Schedules I and II of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It also notes that the substance has no current medical or industrial use. The report recommends that, due to a potential serious health risk, TMA-2 should be a controlled substance, although some experts consider that insufficient scientific evidence exists to support such a decision. Experts agreed however that whatever the control measures chosen, they should contribute to collecting and disseminating accurate information on the substance to users, and to relevant professionals for preventive and harm-reduction purposes. Table of contents • Report on the risk assessment of TMA-2 in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Europol–EMCDDA progress report on TMA-2 • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on TMA-2 • Sociological and criminological evidence and public health risks","2004","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"74 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-186-2",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 7",,,,"","","4491","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11643",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5809","24","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/58/09","2004-06-01 14:03:20","2017-08-11 13:18:01","2008-12-11 09:39:42","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Hedrich","Dagmar","","","","Hedrich:Dagmar::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European report on drug consumption rooms.","pub","JB2-4","","public",,"other",,"AOD consumption, Consumption rooms, European Union, harm reduction, harm reduction policy, heroin, individual AOD consumption, pharmacy drug and narcotic control",,"Contains bibliographic references, tables and figures.",,"The European report on drug consumption rooms describes what consumption rooms are and why and how they came about; whom they target, which specific objectives they have and how they function. It summarises available evidence on the expected benefits and risks of such facilities. Expected benefits are decreases among the target population in high risk drug use, morbidity and mortality, increased uptake of health and social care including drug treatment, and reductions in public drug use and neighbourhood nuisance.","2004","published","","Hedrich Dagmar",,"","",,"","",,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"95 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-183-0",,"987","tblReport","Thematic Paper Series",,,,"","","2476","Closed Document List","missing","","","","","",,,"JB2.4, VH 4",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JB2-4 , JH10-6 , LR , LR6-4-6 , MP18-2-8-16 , TL4-10-4 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Physical context or place -- L Social psychology and related concepts > Physical context or place > Safe spaces for drug users (injecting centre) -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy -- T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control -- Physical context or place -- Physical context or place - Safe spaces for drug users (injecting centre) -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy -- Intravenous / injecting drug user","Europe - European Union","Hedrich Dagmar , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5809",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5809",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LR",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5809",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"LR6-4-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5809",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5809",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-10-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5809",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5931","24","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/59/31","2005-02-04 17:27:02","2014-04-09 21:45:04","2008-12-11 09:41:27","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Hepatitis C and injecting drug use: impact, costs and policy options.","pub","TL4-10-4","","public",,"other",,"cost-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness of AOD health services, economic cost of AODU, Europe, hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus, methadone, methadone maintenance, needle disinfection, needle distribution and exchange",,"Includes tables, figures and bibliographic references.",,"Hepatitis C infections occurring in recent years in the European Union may cost countries billions of euros in future healthcare, according to research published in this monograph. A conglomeration of state-of-the-art research on hepatitis C, drug use and public health methods, this publication presents analyses on the impact and costs of the disease among injecting drug users, as a basis for sound policy-making. Other issues addressed include: quality of life; treatment, surveillance and prevention; and the cost-effectiveness of measures such as needle-exchange programmes and substitution therapy. Hepatitis C affects an estimated 170 million people worldwide and at least a million, but possibly several million, people in Western Europe who are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is a highly infectious and potentially fatal blood-borne disease that attacks the liver and for which there is as yet no vaccine. Table of contents • Part I: Natural history, treatment, quality of life, epidemiology and prevention • Part II: Models of hepatitis C in injecting drug users • Part III: Healthcare costs of drug-related hepatitis C infection • Part IV: Wider costs of drug use • Part V: Cost-effectiveness of needle and syringe programmes and methadone maintenance","2004","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 7","Kretzschmar Mirjam",,"","",,"",,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"389",,,,,"",,,,,,"","","","92-9168-168-7",,"1111","tblReport",,,,,"","","2807","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"JB2.4, GH16.12.6.6, VH4",,,"","",,"Kretzschmar","Mirjam","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"TL4-10-4 , GH16 , GH16-12-6-6 , MP18-2-8-16 , JH10-6 , AM , JB2-4","T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease -- G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease > Hepatitis C -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Harm reduction policy -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention > Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction",,"Intravenous / injecting drug user -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease -- Disorder by cause - Communicable disease - Hepatitis C -- Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Harm reduction policy -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences -- Drugs and alcohol prevention - Drugs and alcohol use harm reduction",,"Kretzschmar Mirjam , Wiessing Lucas , Jager Johannes , Limburg Wien , Postma Maarten , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5931",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"2808","Closed Document List","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Wiessing","Lucas","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5931",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GH16-12-6-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Jager","Johannes","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5931",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-16",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Limburg","Wien","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5931",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Postma","Maarten","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5931",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5931",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601","29","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/01","2009-03-16 12:11:17","2014-04-09 21:50:14","2009-03-16 12:11:17","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) annual report 2003: the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway.","pub","LW4","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Drug situation • Responses to drug use Selected issues: • Drug and alcohol use among young people • Social exclusion and reintegration • Public expenditure in the area of drug-demand reduction","2003","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"82 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-159-8",,,,,,,,"","","4445","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"LW4 , TL4-6-2 , VQ6 , AD12-6 , MT2 , AN8-6-2 , RD8-4 , AD","L Social psychology and related concepts > Inclusion and exclusion -- T Demographic characteristics > Underage drinker -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour > Alcohol consumption -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Underage drinking -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Inclusion and exclusion -- Underage drinker -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour - Alcohol consumption -- Economic aspects of drugs and alcohol (cost / pricing) -- Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Underage drinking -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"TL4-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4446",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD12-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MT2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11601",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11616","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/16","2009-03-16 14:48:38","2014-04-09 21:50:16","2009-03-16 14:48:38","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2002.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","2003","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"77 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-154-7",,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5606","14","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/56/06","2003-10-29 16:33:09","2014-04-09 21:44:17","2008-12-11 09:38:24","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction annual report 2003: the state of the drugs problem in the acceding and candidate countries to the European Union.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"annual report, AOD effects and AODR problems, European Union, international AODR problems, overview",,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Overview of the drugs situation in the CEECs — situation and responses • Drug and alcohol use among young people • Drug-related infectious diseases • Characteristics of drug strategies in the acceding and candidate countries","2003","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"78 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-167-9",,"773","tblReport",,,,,"","","1991","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5606",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5201","22","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/52/01","2002-10-03 14:35:18","2014-04-09 21:43:22","2008-12-11 09:33:24","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report on the state of the dugs problem in the European Union and Norway 2002.","pub","MO4-12-2","","public",,"other",,"annual report, AOD use, Europe",,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Drug situation • Responses to drug use Selected issues: • Polydrug use • Successful treatment • Drug use in prison","2002","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"55 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-129-6",,"248","tblReport",,,,,"","","1172","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MO4-12-2 , HZ26 , VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD , GC14","MM-MO Crime and law > Justice system > Correctional system and facility > Prison -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- G Health and disease > Drugs and alcohol disorder > Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug)","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Justice system - Correctional system and facility - Prison -- Treatment outcome -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour -- Drugs and alcohol disorder - Multiple drugs and alcohol use (Polydrug)","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5201",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5201",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5201",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5201",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5201",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GC14",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11635","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/35","2009-03-18 14:51:14","2011-11-16 16:30:55","2009-03-18 14:51:14","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Early-warning system on new synthetic drugs: guidance on implementation.","pub","JC4-4","","none",,"other",,,,"The EWS guidelines have been fully redrafted in order to reflect the scope and deadlines stipulated by Council Decision 2005/387/JHA, thus replacing these guidelines. Please see Early-warning system on new psychoactive substances — operating guidelines, 2007.",,,"2002","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"39 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","4481","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JC4-4 , VQ6 , JB2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Basic prevention categories > Targeted prevention -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Basic prevention categories - Targeted prevention -- Drugs and alcohol prevention","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11635",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4482",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11635",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5260","13","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/52/60","2002-11-14 14:33:08","2014-04-09 21:43:31","2008-12-11 09:34:10","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): Report on the drug situation in the candidate CEECs 2002.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AOD use, AODR crime, Eastern Europe, HIV infection, recreational drug use",,"Includes bibliographical references",,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Experimental and recreational drug use and responses.. • Problem drug use and treatment responses • Drug-related infectious diseases • The drug market and drug-related criminality","2002","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"50 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-138-5",,"396","tblReport",,,,,"","","1004","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5260",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11615","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/15","2009-03-16 14:45:53","2014-04-09 21:50:16","2009-03-16 14:45:53","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2001.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","2002","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"61 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "3555","17","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/35/55","2002-11-04 12:05:11","2014-04-09 21:41:15","2008-12-10 23:56:15","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Prosecution of drug users in Europe: varying pathways to similar objectives.","pub","MO","","public",,,,"Europe, police, criminal law, AOD laws, drug laws, criminal justice system, prosecution",,"Includes bibliographical references.",,"Researching and analysing the responses of the criminal-justice systems to drug offenders throughout Europe is one of the EMCDDA’s priorities. This study is the result of a decision taken by the EMCDDA’s Management Board in 1999 to set up a legal information system on drugs. This study, focusing on the gap between law and practice, aims to highlight the real outcomes for individuals arrested for using and selling drugs and committing property crimes. Table of contents • Synthesis of the country reports • Country reports","2002","published","EMCDDA Insight Series","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"378 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-124-5",,"380","tblBook",,,,,"","","954","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"MO , VH , MN20","MM-MO Crime and law > Law enforcement and the justice system -- MM-MO Crime and law > Drugs and alcohol laws","VA Geographic area > Europe","Law enforcement and the justice system -- Drugs and alcohol laws","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "3555",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"953","Closed Document List","missing",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3555",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MN20",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11639","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/39","2009-03-18 15:14:20","2014-04-09 21:50:20","2009-03-18 15:14:20","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of GHB in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Since the mid-1990s, GHB – widely used in human and veterinary medicine for 30 years – has been surfacing as a recreational drug. Some EU countries have reported worries over GHB’s surreptitious use in sexual assaults. Although the extent of this is unknown, the EMCDDA and its risk-assessment partners are recommending that Member States consider the role of GHB and other drugs in this area. The risk-assessment exercise was carried out in 2000 in the framework of the Joint action on new synthetic drugs. In March 2001, the EU Justice and Home Affairs Council adopted formal conclusions that Member States should monitor this drug closely. This publication records the findings and conclusions of the exercise. Among others, it draws together the various elements used to assess the substance including: the final risk-assessment report; contributions from Europol and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; a review of pharmacotoxicological data; epidemiological evidence on the associated public-health risks and sociological and criminological evidence. Table of contents • Report on the risk assessment of GHB in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Europol-EMCDDA progress report on GHB in accordance with Article 3 on the joint action of 16 June 1997 concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and the control of new synthetic drugs • Use of GHB as a medicilnal product (EMEA) • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) • Sociological and criminological (Europol) evidence on the risks of GHB • Public health risks of GHB - epidemiological evidence","2002","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"92 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-122-9",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 4",,,,"","","4487","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11639",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11641","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/41","2009-03-18 15:24:45","2014-04-09 21:50:20","2009-03-18 15:24:45","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of PMMA in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report assesses the risks of PMMA, especially in association with the already controlled substance PMA (para-methoxyamphetamine). PMMA, is an amphetamine-like substance very close to PMA, and is almost exclusively sold in tablet form in combination with the latter and consumed as ‘ecstasy’. It has been associated, in combination with PMA, with three deaths in the EU. PMMA is devoid of any therapeutic value. Further to the conclusions of the EMCDDA risk assessment, on 28 February 2002, the Council of the European Union adopted a unanimous decision defining the new synthetic drug PMMA (para-methoxymethylamphetamine) as a substance to be placed under control measures and criminal penalties in the EU Member States Table of contents • Report on the risk assessment of PMMA in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Council decision • Europol-EMCDDA progress report on PMMA and PMA • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on PMMA • Sociological and criminological evidence on the risks of PMMA • Public health risks of PMMA: epidemiological evidence","2002","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"122 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-137-7",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 5",,,,"","","4489","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11641",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11640","15","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/40","2009-03-18 15:18:54","2014-04-09 21:50:20","2009-03-18 15:18:54","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of ketamine in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Since the mid-1990s, ketamine – widely used in human and veterinary medicine for 30 years – has been surfacing as a recreational drug. Concern over ketamine centres on its unpredictability in producing ‘near-death’ experiences. The risk-assessment exercise was carried out in 2000 in the framework of the Joint action on new synthetic drugs. In March 2001, the EU Justice and Home Affairs Council adopted formal conclusions that Member States should monitor this drug closely. This publication records the findings and conclusions of the exercise. Among others, it draws together the various elements used to assess the substance including: the final risk-assessment report; contributions from Europol and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; a review of pharmacotoxicological data; epidemiological evidence on the associated public-health risks and sociological and criminological evidence. Table of contents • Report on the risk assessment of ketamine in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Europol-EMCDDA progress report on ketamine in accordance with Article 3 on the joint action of 16 June 1997 concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and the control of new synthetic drugs • Use of ketamine in human medicine in the EU Member States • Use of ketamine in veterinary medicine in the EU Member States • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on ketamine (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methyloamino)-cyclohexanone) • Sociological and criminological (Europol) evidence • Public health risks - epidemiological evidence","2002",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"116 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-123-7",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 3",,,,"","","4488","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11640",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5559","22","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/55/59","2003-09-23 10:27:34","2014-04-09 21:44:12","2008-12-11 09:38:11","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 2001.","pub","GH16","","public",,"other",,"AOD effects and consequences, AOD use and driving prevalence, Cannabis, cocaine, communicable disease by infectious agent, demand reduction policy, Drugs Policy, European Union, heroin, MDMA, prevention through supply reduction, supply reduction policy, trend analysis",,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Drug demand and drug supply/li> • Responses to drug use Selected issues: • Cocaine and ‘base/crack’ cocaine • Infectious diseases • Synthetic drugs • The drugs problem in central and east European countries","2001","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"52 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-114-8",,"724","tblReport",,,,,"","","1909","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"GH16 , VQ6 , EE , RD8-4 , BK4-6 , AD","G Health and disease > Disorder by cause > Communicable disease -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pharmacology and toxicology -- R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- B Drugs and alcohol substances > Cocaine > Crack cocaine -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Disorder by cause - Communicable disease -- Pharmacology and toxicology -- Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Cocaine - Crack cocaine -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5559",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5559",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5559",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5559",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"BK4-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5559",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11614","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/14","2009-03-16 14:42:00","2014-04-09 21:50:16","2009-03-16 14:42:00","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 2000.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","2001","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"71 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-108-3",,,,,,,,"","","4460","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5658","31","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/56/58","2003-12-10 09:17:17","2014-04-09 21:44:24","2008-12-11 09:38:43","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Guidelines for the evaluation of outreach work: a manual for outreach practitioners.","pub","MV12","","public",,"other",,"community empowerment, empowerment, European Union, outcome monitoring, outreach, program evaluation",,"Includes bibliographic references.",,"Policymakers and practitioners around the world acknowledge the importance of outreach work in the drug field, but the fact that it is a good idea does not mean that every project is of the same standard. Clients, policymakers and project staff need ways of assessing whether projects are fulfilling their aims and objectives. These guidelines aim to help outreach projects: to understand their aims and objectives; to understand and value their activity; to improve that activity; and to show themselves and others their worth Table of contents Introduction: Evaluation dialogue 1 Approaching evaluation • Why evaluate? • Four essential principles • Outreach evaluation: our approach • Empowerment evaluation • Assumption-focused evaluation Designing and implementing your evaluation • Overview of the evaluation process • Evaluation dialogue 2 • The four stages of evaluation Evaluation techniques • Methods and data analysis • Communicating and presenting your results Glossary","2001","published","EMCDDA manuals 2","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"83 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9256-024-3",,"829","tblReport","EMCDDA Manual Series No. 2",,,,"","","2091","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MV12 , HZ26 , MQ8-10 , HK2 , NM6-2 , VQ6 , RC","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Social services > Outreach -- HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- N Communication, information and education > Recommendations or guidelines > Practice / clinical guidelines -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Social services - Outreach -- Treatment outcome -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method -- Recommendations or guidelines - Practice / clinical guidelines -- Research and evaluation method","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HZ26",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"2092","Closed Document List","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"HK2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"NM6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5658",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5660","23","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/56/60","2003-12-10 10:31:15","2014-04-09 21:44:24","2008-12-11 09:38:44","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Fountain","Jane","","","","Fountain:Jane::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Injecting drug use, risk behaviour and qualitative research in the time of AIDS.","pub","TL4-10-4","","public",,"other",,"AOD induced risk, European Union, harm reduction, high-risk group, HIV infection, injected substance, intravenous injection, qualitative research method, qualitative study, subcutaneous injection",,,,"Injecting is one of the main causes of health damage related to illegal drug use today. It is strongly related to fatal and non-fatal overdoses, as well as to the transmission of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B and C, and HIV infection. Yet studying drug injection is no easy task, due to its hidden nature and low prevalence in general population terms. It is necessary to understand why and how people decide to engage in such dangerous behaviour, and to analyse how drug injectors perceive risk. There are fundamental issues that need to be understood in order to interpret and better use epidemiological quantitative data on the subject. This publication is the result of a review undertaken by the EMCDDA working group on injecting drug use and risk behaviour. It helps in understanding injecting drug use and its adverse health consequences, particularly risk behaviour associated with the transmission of HIV. Table of contents • Injecting drug use: associated harms • Qualitative methods in drugs research • The role of qualitative research • Understanding, injecting risk behaviour • Understanding sexual risk behaviour","2001","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 4","Fountain Jane",,"","",,"",,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"125 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-110-5",,"831","tblReport",,,,,"","","2094","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"TL4-10-4 , VQ6 , RD2-8 , FS38-6-2 , JH10-6","T Demographic characteristics > Intravenous / injecting drug user -- R Research > Type of research study > Empirical study > Qualitative study -- F Concepts in psychology > Specific attitude and behaviour > risk-taking behaviour -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health-related prevention > Health information and education > Communicable disease control","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Intravenous / injecting drug user -- Type of research study - Empirical study - Qualitative study -- Specific attitude and behaviour - risk-taking behaviour -- Health-related prevention - Health information and education - Communicable disease control","Europe - European Union","Fountain Jane , Rhodes Tim , Barnard Marina , Hariga Fabienne , Avilés Nuria Romo , Vicente Julian , Weber Urban , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5660",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Rhodes","Tim","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5660",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Barnard","Marina","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"RD2-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5660",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Hariga","Fabienne","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"FS38-6-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5660",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Avilés","Nuria Romo","","",,,,,,,,,,,,"JH10-6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5660",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Vicente","Julian","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5660",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Weber","Urban","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "4037","10","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/40/37","2007-07-12 14:34:51","2011-11-16 16:18:28","2008-12-10 23:58:47","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Modelling drug use: methods to quantify and understand hidden processes.","pub","VQ6","","none",,,,"AOD use, illegal drug use, research method and research organization, general topics in research, quantitative data analysis",,,,"Dynamic modelling is a quantitative technique used by scientists when data are scarce to generate estimates, test hypotheses and forecast trends. This publication explores the potential role of dynamic modelling in helping to interpret data on drug use and its consequences in the European Union. The monograph contains over a dozen expert reviews on modelling techniques and their use in estimating drug use and related health consequences. The publication presents dynamic modelling as a valuable analytical tool, not only in improving insight into drug use, but also in contributing to the development of evidence-based drug policies and interventions Table of contents • What is modelling and how can it be used? • Modelling drug use with available data • Modelling techniques and their uses • Modelling the health consequences of drug uses • Economic models","2001","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series No. 6","Sharp Frances",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"245 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-056-7",,"979","tblBook",,,,,"","","3701","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,"Sharp","Frances","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"VQ6 , RC , RQ8","R Research > Research and evaluation method -- R Research > Data analysis method > Quantitative data analysis","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Research and evaluation method -- Data analysis method - Quantitative data analysis","Europe - European Union","Sharp Frances , Neaman Rachel , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "4037",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"3702","Closed Document List","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Neaman","Rachel","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "4037",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RQ8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11603","20","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/03","2009-03-16 12:45:28","2014-04-09 21:50:14","2009-03-16 12:45:28","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 2000.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Trends in drug use and its consequences • Trends in responses to drug use • Prevalence and patterns of drug use • Responses to drug use Selected issues: • Substitution treatment • Prosecution of drug-related offences • Problems facing women drug users and their children The drugs problem in central and eastern Europe","2000",,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"42 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-097-4",,,,,,,,"","","4448","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11603",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11603",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11613","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/13","2009-03-16 14:27:37","2014-04-09 21:50:15","2009-03-16 14:27:37","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 1999.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","2000","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"87 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-091-5",,,,,,,,"","","4459","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11624","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/24","2009-03-18 09:29:59","2014-04-09 21:50:17","2009-03-18 09:29:59","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Reviewing current practice in drug-substitution treatment in the European Union.","pub","HK2-10-2-2","","public",,,,,,,,"This volume is the result of an EMCDDA-commissioned study carried out in 1998 and 1999 into one of the most widely discussed drug-related topics in Europe today: substitution treatment. The study was prompted by the lively debate on the issue in the mid-1990s, when Switzerland launched its first heroin trial, France began buprenorphine treatment and methadone programmes expanded rapidly throughout Europe. These initiatives led to an increased focus on substitution treatment and to the trajectories it was to follow in the future. The volume opens with a historical overview of substitution treatment, the development of methadone maintenance and other substitution services and a section on monitoring and evaluation. It closes with a series of country profiles for each of the then 15 EU Member States, all containing an introduction to substitution treatment in the country concerned. Table of contents • Substitution treatment in the European Union: an overview and recent trends • Country reports","2000","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 3","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"280 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-104-0",,,,,,,,"","","4463","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"HK2-10-2-2 , VQ6","HJ Treatment method > Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method > Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution)","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Drugs and alcohol disorder treatment method - Drugs and alcohol replacement method (substitution)","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11624",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11633","28","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/33","2009-03-18 14:12:48","2014-04-09 21:50:19","2009-03-18 14:12:48","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Evaluation: a key tool for improving drug prevention.","pub","VQ6","","public",,,,,,,,"This publication contains over a dozen expert contributions demonstrating how evaluation theory and knowledge can be implemented to improve drug prevention practice in the European Union. The monograph looks at both the practical and political aspects of evaluation and presents an array of tools, techniques and recommendations to improve drug prevention programmes and assess needs, processes and outcomes. Also demonstrated are ways to overcome obstacles that may weaken the evaluation process, such as poor communication between evaluators and policy-makers or conflicts between political agendas and poor evaluation results. This volume complements the EMCDDA’s second scientific monograph and forms part of a broad EMCDDA goal to promote an evaluation culture in Europe. Table of contents • Recent progress in evaluation • Improving drug-prevention practice • Improving evaluation practice • Recommendations and evaluation","2000","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 5","Neaman Rachel",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"183 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-105-9",,,,,,,,"","","4476","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,"Neaman","Rachel","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"VQ6 , JA2 , RF2 , MQ8-10 , RC","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- R Research > Research and evaluation -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Health services, drugs and alcohol research -- Research and evaluation -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Research and evaluation method","Europe - European Union","Neaman Rachel , Nilson Margareta , Solberg Ulrik , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11633",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4477",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Nilson","Margareta","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11633",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RF2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Solberg","Ulrik","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11633",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11633",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3432","22","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/34/32","2002-04-07 15:50:48","2014-04-09 21:41:03","2008-12-10 23:55:44","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Understanding and responding to drug use: the role of qualitative research.","pub","RR4","","public",,,,,,"includes bibliographic references, tables",,"Qualitative research is increasingly recognised by drug experts in the European Union as a useful tool for understanding drug use patterns and planning suitable responses. Focusing on the meanings, perceptions, processes and contexts of the ‘world of drugs’, its main value is to complement quantitative data and analyses and provide insight into developments behind the statistics. This publication offers a comprehensive overview of this issue in the EU. In over 40 chapters, the monograph highlights the multiple roles, techniques and methods of qualitative research, as well as its impact on policy-making. Table of contents • The role of qualitative research • The impact of qualitative research on policy-making • New drug trends • Risk behaviour • Social exclusion • Drug markets • Drug services evaluation • Methodological issues • Qualitative research within a global research agenda","2000","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series No. 4","Robertson Kathy",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"352",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","9-2916-8088-5",,"125","tblBook",,,,,"","","186","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,"Robertson","Kathy","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"RR4 , VQ6 , RD2-8 , JA2","R Research > Data analysis method > Qualitative data analysis -- R Research > Type of research study > Empirical study > Qualitative study -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Data analysis method - Qualitative data analysis -- Type of research study - Empirical study - Qualitative study -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe - European Union","Robertson Kathy , Greenwood Gloria , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "3432",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"1312","Closed Document List","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Greenwood","Gloria","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3432",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD2-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3432",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11612","13","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/12","2009-03-16 13:45:59","2014-04-09 21:50:15","2009-03-16 13:45:59","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 1998.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA's activities over a 12-month period. Published every spring, it catalogues the Centre's achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.","1999","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"72 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-054-0",,,,,,,,"","","4458","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11632","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/32","2009-03-18 13:59:23","2012-12-11 12:11:45","2009-03-18 13:59:23","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Evaluating the treatment of drug abuse in the European Union.","pub","HZ26","","none",,,,,,,,"This monograph describes methods, instruments and indicators designed to enhance the evaluation of treatment programmes for drug users in the EU. Through a dozen expert papers and recommendations, the publication explores the theory of drug treatment evaluation and how the principles of such evaluation can be applied in practice and made relevant to practitioners. In particular, the monograph demonstrates how evaluation can help policy-makers take informed and appropriate decisions on treatment and help professionals boost the quality, relevance and cost-effectiveness of treatment services. Table of contents • The theory of drug-treatment evaluation • Treatment evaluation in practice • Treatment evaluation and policy • Workshop conclusions","1999","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 3","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"129 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-051-6",,,,,,,,"","","4475","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"HZ26 , MQ8-10 , JP10 , RC , JA2","HJ Treatment method > Treatment outcome -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Treatment and maintenance > treatment factors -- R Research > Research and evaluation method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research",,"Treatment outcome -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Treatment and maintenance - treatment factors -- Research and evaluation method -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11632",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11632",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JP10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11632",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11632",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5657","15","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/56/57","2003-12-10 09:02:53","2014-04-09 21:44:24","2008-12-11 09:38:43","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Extended annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 1999.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,"annual report, AOD prevention, drug trafficking, Europe, European Union, prevalence",,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Developments in drug use, problems and responses • Prevalence, patterns and consequences of drug use • Established responses to drug misuse in the EU • European Drug Prevention Week • Cannabis: trends and responses • Synthetic drugs: developments and responses","1999","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"94 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-086-9",,"828","tblReport",,,,,"","","2090","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5657",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5657",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5758","14","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/57/58","2004-03-16 10:21:25","2011-11-16 16:22:19","2008-12-11 09:39:16","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Final report: demand reduction networking in Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden.","pub","VH2-4","","none",,"other",,"demand reduction policy, demand reduction vs supply reduction, Europe, European Union, factors determining AOD demand",,,,,"1999","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","National Institute of Public Health","Stockholm",,"24 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,"932","tblReport",,,,,"","","2312","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"MP18.2, JG4.2, VH4",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"","",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VH2-4 , VH14-12-2 , MP18-2-8-8 , VH4-8-2 , VH6-8","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Policy > Policy on drugs and alcohol > Demand reduction policy","VA Geographic area > Europe > Sweden -- VA Geographic area > Europe > Spain -- VA Geographic area > Europe > Netherlands -- VA Geographic area > Europe > Austria","Policy - Policy on drugs and alcohol - Demand reduction policy","Europe - Sweden -- Europe - Spain -- Europe - Netherlands -- Europe - Austria","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5758",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH14-12-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5758",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MP18-2-8-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5758",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH4-8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5758",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH6-8",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11637","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/37","2009-03-18 15:03:13","2014-04-09 21:50:19","2009-03-18 15:03:13","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Guidelines for the risk assessment of new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This publication was drawn up by the steering group created by the EMCDDA's Scientific Committee in November 1998 to establish guidelines to assess the risks of all new synthetic drugs identified under the terms of the Joint Action concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new synthetic drugs adopted on 16 June 1997 by the Council of the European Union. The publication explains the history of the joint action and how it operates, and outlines basic principles, a conceptual framework and quality information for future risk assessments. Table of contents • Basic principles for risk assessment • A conceptual framework for risk assessment • Quality of information for risk assessment • Headings for risk assessment • Pharmacotoxicological evidence • Psychological risk assessment (cognition, mood and mental functioning) • Sociological/criminological evidence • Public health risks: epidemiological evidence","1999","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"31 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-061-3",,,,,,,,"","","4484","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11637",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4485",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11649","21","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/49","2009-03-19 11:15:31","2014-04-09 21:50:22","2009-03-19 11:15:31","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Literature review on the relation between drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The health consequences of drug use are a priority area for the EMCDDA and impaired driving and road traffic accidents linked to drugs constitute an important topic on which comprehensive information is lacking. The literature review addressed inter alia the relationship between different patterns of drug consumption, impaired driving and traffic accidents. In addition drug testing procedures and associated legislation regarding drug-impaired driving in the different EU Member States were described and the issues raised by such testing reviewed. The outcomes of the study included a scientific literature review and annotated bibliography on the relation between drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents Table of contents • Methodological issues on determining the relationship between drug consumption, impaired driving and traffic accidents • Evidence from experimental and field studies • Description of drug testing procedures in the context of driving in the EU, issues raised by testing, and assessment of the criteria used or proposed in relation to the scientific evidence","1999","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"96 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , AN8-4 , AM","A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems > Drug use and driving -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Drugs and alcohol related societal (social) problems - Drug use and driving -- Drugs and alcohol effects and consequences","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11649",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AN8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11649",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AM",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11638","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/38","2009-03-18 15:08:13","2014-04-09 21:50:20","2009-03-18 15:08:13","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of 4-MTA in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","JA8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"An enlarged EMCDDA Scientific Committee met from 18–19 May 1997 in Lisbon to assess the risks of the synthetic drug 4-MTA (4-methylthioamphetamine) in the framework of the Joint action on new synthetic drugs. The Committee's tasks were to assess the health and social risks of the substance and the possible consequences of prohibition. This report concludes that 4-MTA should be placed under control in the EU Member States largely due to the high risks of overdose associated with the drug. These stem from the slow onset of the drug's effects – often misinterpreted by users as the result of a weak dose, leading to the consumption of more pills – and their long-lasting nature. Also highlighted in the report are the serious risks resulting from mixing the drug with alcohol, MDMA, amphetamines, ephedrine and certain foods. Further to the conclusions of the EMCDDA risk assessment, on 13 September 1999, the Council of the European Union adopted a unanimous decision defining the new synthetic drug 4-MTA (4-methylthioamphetamine) as a substance to be placed under control measures and criminal penalties in the EU Member States. Table of contents • Report on the risk assessment of 4-MTA in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Council decision of 13 September 1999 defining 4-MTA as new synthetic drug which is to be made subject to control measures and criminal penalties • Europol-EMCDDA progress report on 4-MTA in accordance with Article 3 on the joint action of 16 June 1997 concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and the control of new synthetic drugs • Review of the pharmacotoxicological data on 4-MTA • Public health risks of 4-MTA: epidemiological evidence • Sociological and criminological evidence on the risks of 4-MTA","1999","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"115 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-087-7",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 2",,,,"","","4486","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"JA8-2 , MC12-10 , VQ6","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment -- MA-ML Social science, culture and community > Sociocultural aspects of AOD use > Recreational drug use","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment -- Sociocultural aspects of AOD use - Recreational drug use","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11638",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MC12-10",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11638",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11636","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/36","2009-03-18 14:58:35","2014-04-09 21:50:19","2009-03-18 14:58:35","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Report on the risk assessment of MBDB in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs.","pub","BJ2-8-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"On 27 February 1998, the drug MBDB (N-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol- 5-yl)-2-butanamine) became the first new synthetic drug to be submitted for risk assessment under the terms of the Joint Action concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new synthetic drugs adopted on 16 June 1997 by the Council of the European Union. This publication consists of the main results of, and supporting documents from, a special risk-assessment meeting held at the EMCDDA in November 1998 with the participation of the Centre's Scientific Committee, experts from the 15 EU Member States, and representatives of the European Commission, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London, and Europol. Table of contents • Report on the risk assessment of MBDB in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs • Joint action concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and the control of new synthetic drugs • EMCDDA-EDU progress report on the joint action on new synthetic drugs • The pharmacotoxicology and neuropsychology of N-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) • Sociological and criminological evidence on the risks of MBDB • Public health risks of MBDB: Epidemiological evidence","1999","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"95 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-063-X",,,,"EMCDDA Risk Assessment Series No. 1",,,,"","","4483","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","author",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"BJ2-8-2 , JA8-2 , VQ6","B Drugs and alcohol substances > CNS stimulants > MDMA > Ecstasy -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Risk assessment","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","CNS stimulants - MDMA - Ecstasy -- Risk and needs assessment - Risk assessment","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11636",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11636",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11647","34","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/47","2009-03-19 10:32:34","2014-04-09 21:50:21","2009-03-19 10:32:34","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Scientific review of the literature on estimating the prevalence of drug misuse on the local level.","pub","RP","","public",,"other",,,,,,"Prevalence of problem drug use (PDU) is one of five key indicators used by the EMCDDA to provide more comparable, scientifically based estimates of the prevalence of more severe patterns of drug use that cannot be reliably measured by surveys. This information is useful for assessing treatment needs, and offers a realistic basis for estimating the social costs of drug problems, for example drug-related crime. This report from 1999 reviews the scientific literature relating to the use of epidemiological methods for estimating the prevalence of drug use at the local level. Table of contents • Introduction • Direct methods • Indirect methods • Capture-recapture methods • Dynamic models • Synthesis • Discussion and conclusions","1999","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"66 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"RP , AA2 , JA8-6-4 , RC , VH","R Research > Data collection method -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Risk and needs assessment > Needs assessment > Community needs assessment -- R Research > Research and evaluation method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Data collection method -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use -- Risk and needs assessment - Needs assessment - Community needs assessment -- Research and evaluation method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11647",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11647",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA8-6-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11647",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11647",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11623","14","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/23","2009-03-18 09:15:18","2011-11-16 16:30:51","2009-03-18 09:15:18","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Outreach work among drug users in Europe: concepts, practice and terminology.","pub","MV12","","none",,,,,,,,"Outreach work among drug users in Europe is the culmination of a multi-country study commissioned by the EMCDDA in 1998 to assess the concepts, practice and terminology relating to outreach work among drug users in the EU Member States. Significant variations are observed in Europe in the political, social, theoretical and practical contexts in which outreach work is delivered to this group. This publication aims to facilitate communication between professionals in this area by establishing linguistic equivalents and makes a case for including outreach work in a European-wide information system. The volume makes a significant contribution to the assessment of outreach work in Europe. Table of contents • What is outreach work? • Target groups, goals and working methods • The organisational context of outreach work • Terminology in outreach work • Documentation, data collection and evaluation • Country overviews and examples of good practice","1999","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 2","Korf Dirk",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"195 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-062-1",,,,,,,,"","","4462","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,"Korf","Dirk","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"MV12 , VQ6","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Social services > Outreach","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Social services - Outreach","Europe - European Union","Korf Dirk , Freeman Marielle , Lewis Roger , Grant Ian , Jacob Elisabeth , Mougin Chantal , Nilson Margareta , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Freeman","Marielle","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Lewis","Roger","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Grant","Ian","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Jacob","Elisabeth","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mougin","Chantal","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11623",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Nilson","Margareta","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11605","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/05","2009-03-16 13:07:03","2014-04-09 21:50:14","2009-03-16 13:07:03","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 1998.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Trends, patterns and prevalence of use • Demand reduction • The nature and extent of drug use in central and eastern Europe • National strategies • Actions taken by the European Union • International action • Analysis of public spending on drugs","1998","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"117 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-057-5",,,,,,,,"","","4449","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11605",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11605",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11606","18","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/06","2009-03-16 13:14:30","2014-04-09 21:50:15","2009-03-16 13:14:30","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 1998: summary and highlights.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Trends, patterns and prevalence of use • Demand reduction • The nature and extent of drug use in central and eastern Europe • National strategies • Actions taken by the European Union • International action • Analysis of public spending on drugs","1998","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"22 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-068-0",,,,,,,,"","","4451","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11606",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11606",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11611","8","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/11","2009-03-16 13:42:16","2011-11-16 16:30:49","2009-03-16 13:42:16","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 1997.","pub","VQ6","","none",,"other",,,,,,,"1998","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"119 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-047-8",,,,,,,,"","","4457","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11631","26","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/31","2009-03-18 13:54:39","2014-04-09 21:50:18","2009-03-18 13:54:39","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Evaluating drug prevention in the European Union.","pub","MQ8-10","","public",,,,,,,,"Preventing drug use is a universal challenge and identifying approaches that work, and why they work, is a specific objective for drug professionals and evaluators. This monograph focuses on the ideology of prevention in Europe. In particular, it presents arguments for making evaluation a routine and scientifically sound procedure that draws on good practice and proven methodology. The volume includes a broad overview of the history and status of prevention activities and their evaluation in Europe and the US, as well as an introduction to the theoretical foundations of evaluation. Also reviewed are the most commonly encountered evaluation methods, instruments, problems and obstacles and the diversity and complexity of evaluation models. The monograph explores how drug professionals can interest politicians in evaluation and how evaluation can stimulate the allocation of funds. Table of contents • Background to evaluation • Evaluation in practice • Conference workshops • Conference roundtable","1998","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 2","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"181 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-050-8",,,,,,,,"","","4473","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"MQ8-10 , VQ6 , JB2 , RC , JA2","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Drugs and alcohol prevention -- R Research > Research and evaluation method -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Drugs and alcohol prevention -- Research and evaluation method -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11631",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"4474",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11631",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JB2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11631",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11631",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6258","13","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/62/58","2007-06-21 16:03:04","2011-11-16 16:24:00","2008-12-11 09:45:35","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention: a manual for programme planners and evaluators.","pub","MQ8-10","","none",,"other",,"AOD prevention, AOD use, AOD use, program evaluation, program planning, implementation, and evaluation, recommendations or guidelines",,"Includes bibliographical references.",,"These guidelines give detailed, step-by-step advice to programme-planners and evaluators on how to assess the different stages of drug-prevention interventions. Recently evaluated as one of the Centre's most utilised publications. Table of contents Introduction Guidelines for planning and realising evaluation • Evaluating programme planning • Process evaluation • Outcome evaluation • Communicating the results Examples • Evaluating programme planning • Process evaluation • Outcome evaluation • Communicating the results Glossary","1998","published","","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,"","",,"","Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"96 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-052-4",,"1447","tblReport","EMCDDA Manual Series No. 1",,,,"","","3652","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"MQ8-10 , VQ6 , MQ8-2 , JE","MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme evaluation -- MP-MR Policy, planning, economics, work and social services > Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation > Programme planning (strategy) -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Prevention programme or service","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme evaluation -- Programme planning, implementation, and evaluation - Programme planning (strategy) -- Prevention programme or service","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "6258",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"3678",,"available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6258",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"MQ8-2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "6258",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11607","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/07","2009-03-16 13:21:11","2014-04-09 21:50:15","2009-03-16 13:21:11","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 1997.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Prevalence and patterns of use • Demand reduction • New trends in synthetic drugs • National strategies • Action taken by the EU • The international environment","1997","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"142 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-013-3",,,,,,,,"","","4453","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11607",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11607",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11610","9","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/10","2009-03-16 13:39:08","2011-11-16 16:30:49","2009-03-16 13:39:08","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 1996.","pub","VQ6","","none",,"other",,,,,,,"1997","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"107 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-000-1",,,,,,,,"","","4456","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11806","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/18/06","2009-04-07 09:24:37","2014-04-09 21:50:50","2009-04-07 09:24:37","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Joint seminar. Drugs: research initiatives in the European Union: synthesis report.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"In 1996, representatives of the 15 Member States and individual researchers were invited to a joint seminar, organised by the European Commission and the EMCDDA, entitled ‘Drug research-related initiatives in the European Union’. The seminar was held under the European Commission’s project Inventing tomorrow which aimed to propose guidelines for the Fifth research and technical development framework programme. National focal points were requested by the European Commission Drugs Coordination Unit and the EMCDDA to prepare ‘national reports on the national drug research situation and identification of research needs.' The results of this initiative are presented in this report. The current document presents an analytic summary of the 16 reports which have been produced in the context of the joint EU-EMCDDA initiative ‘National drug research situation and identification of research needs’. The document has a purely academic character in that it intends to analytically summarize the information provided in the different reports.","1997","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"EMCDDA; European University Institute","Florence",,"66 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","4547","","available","","","","","",,,"RA10, VH4",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , JA2","J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction , European University Institute European University Institute","0","no" "11806",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"European University Institute",,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"http://www.iue.it/","pub",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11646","29","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/46","2009-03-19 10:27:00","2014-04-09 21:50:21","2009-03-19 10:27:00","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Literature review of studies of mortaility and feasibility study for a common methodology.","pub","PB6-12-2","","public",,"other",,,,,,"This is the final report of the EMCDDA project 'Review of scientific studies of mortality among drug users and feasibility study for a common methodology for monitoring overall and cause-specific mortality among drug users in Member States.' The project was developed according to the following phases: 1. Collection of published studies on mortality among drug users; 2. Critical revision of the methods used and the results obtained in the selected studies; 3. Oganisation of a meeting to discuss the major issues to be taken into account for developing a standardized methodology to assess overall and cause-specific mortality rates among drug users in Member States of European Union; 4. Draft of a standardized protocol for a cohort mortality study among drug users in different European Countries.","1997","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"116 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","","","electronic_only","","","","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"PB6-12-2 , RP , RC , VH , RQ","P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Population dynamics > Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death -- R Research > Data collection method -- R Research > Research and evaluation method -- R Research > Data analysis method","VA Geographic area > Europe","Population dynamics - Drugs and alcohol related mortality / death -- Data collection method -- Research and evaluation method -- Data analysis method","Europe","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11646",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RP",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11646",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11646",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11646",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RQ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11622","16","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/22","2009-03-18 09:08:48","2011-11-16 16:30:51","2009-03-18 09:08:48","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","New trends in synthetic drugs in the EU: epidemiology and demand-reduction responses.","pub","BA","","none",,,,,,,,"In June 1997, the EMCDDA was assigned a major role by the Council of the EU in the detection and risk assessment of new synthetic drugs. Later that year, it published New trends in synthetic drugs in the European Union, based on two Europe-wide reviews of the epidemiology of synthetic drug use and related demand-reduction activities in the EU. The publication responded to a clear need to audit what was known of the new synthetic drug phenomenon at that time across Europe and to develop a comprehensive knowledge base for informing policy, legislation and prevention initiatives in this area. Table of contents • The drugs • New trends • The epidemiology of synthetic drugs • Demand reduction and synthetic drugs","1997","published","EMCDDA Insights Series no. 1","Griffiths Paul",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"135 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","92-9168-030-3",,,,,,,,"","","4461","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,"Griffiths","Paul","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"BA , VQ6 , EE","B Drugs and alcohol substances > Drugs and alcohol in general -- E Concepts in biomedical areas > Pharmacology and toxicology","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Drugs and alcohol in general -- Pharmacology and toxicology","Europe - European Union","Griffiths Paul , Vingoe Louisa , Jansen Karl , Sherval James , Lewis Roger , Hartnoll Richard , Nilson Margareta , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11622",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VQ6",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Vingoe","Louisa","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11622",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"EE",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Jansen","Karl","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11622",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Sherval","James","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11622",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Lewis","Roger","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11622",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Hartnoll","Richard","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11622",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Nilson","Margareta","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3476","17","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/34/76","2002-09-19 14:47:02","2014-04-09 21:41:08","2008-12-10 23:55:58","book",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Estimating the prevalence of problem drug use in Europe. Papers arising from a scientific seminar on addiction prevalence estimation: methods and research strategies held in Strasbourg, France, 10-14 June 1996.","pub","RF2","","public",,,,"Europe, AOD use, prevalence, heroin, AODR mortality, statistical estimation, Western Europe, Drugs Policy, capture recapture technique",,,,"This is a landmark publication on prevalence estimation theory and method in the European Union. The monograph – the result of collaboration between 30 scientific authors – explores the relationship between epidemiological work on the estimation of drug problems and the development of drug policy and strategy. The strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used estimation techniques – such as case finding, capture–recapture, multiplier and nomination – are uncovered in the volume, as are the virtues of combining and comparing different methods in the estimation process. The monograph underlines the need to improve the quality of data on which prevalence estimates depend, and to complement these estimates with qualitative studies exploring other aspects of the drug situation beyond the statistics. Table of contents • Science and policy • Case-finding methods • Capture-recapture methods • Multiplier methods • Nomination methods • Combining and comparing different estimation methods","1997","published","EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series; No. 1","Stimson Gerry V",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"271 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","9-2916-8006-0",,"258","tblBook",,,,,"","","751","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,"Stimson","Gerry V","","","",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"8",,,"RF2 , RC , VH , AA2","R Research > Research and evaluation -- R Research > Research and evaluation method -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","VA Geographic area > Europe","Research and evaluation -- Research and evaluation method -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use","Europe","Stimson Gerry V , Hickman Matthew , Quirk Alan , Frischer Martin , Taylor Colin , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "3476",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RC",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"2553","Closed Document List","available",,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Hickman","Matthew","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3476",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Quirk","Alan","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3476",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Frischer","Martin","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3476",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Taylor","Colin","","",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11609","9","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/09","2009-03-16 13:35:38","2011-11-16 16:30:49","2009-03-16 13:35:38","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): general report of activities 1995.","pub","VQ6","","none",,"other",,,,,,,"1996","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Lisbon",,"110 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","","972-8373-00-7",,,,,,,,"","","4455","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6",,"VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union",,"Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11608","17","archive","5",,,"disk0/00/01/16/08","2009-03-16 13:27:21","2014-04-09 21:50:15","2009-03-16 13:27:21","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,,,,,"",,"",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union 1995.","pub","VQ6","","public",,"other",,,,,,"The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA's yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures. Table of contents • Demand and demand reduction • Anti-drug strategies • Information sources • Information structures","1995","published",,"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction",,"","",,,,,,"Office for Official Publications of the European Communities","Luxembourg",,"142 p.",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,,,,,,,"","","4454","","available","","","","","",,,"REF, EMCDDA",,,,,,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"VQ6 , RD8-4 , AD","R Research > Type of research study > Research involving two or more groups > Cross-cultural study -- A Drugs and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence > Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use > Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","VA Geographic area > Europe > European Union","Type of research study - Research involving two or more groups - Cross-cultural study -- Prevalence of drugs and alcohol use - Drugs and alcohol use behaviour","Europe - European Union","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "11608",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RD8-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "11608",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"AD",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5771","11","archive","1",,,"disk0/00/00/57/71","2004-03-25 12:01:15","2011-11-16 16:22:21","2008-12-11 09:39:19","monograph",,,"show",,,,"","","","","","","","","","","0",,,"Hartnoll","Richard","","","","Hartnoll:Richard::","",,,,,"","European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","Annotated bibliography of epidemiological research on illicit drugs in Europe. Volume two annexes.","pub","PD","","none",,"other",,"bibliography, epidemiological method, epidemiology, Europe, social epidemiology",,,,,"1993","published","","Hartnoll Richard",,"","",,"","",,"","EMCDDA","Lisbon",,"vii, 3",,,,,,,,,,,"","","",,,"947","tblReport",,,,,"","","2381","Closed Document List","available","","","","","",,,"PA, VH4",,,"","",,,,,,"",,"http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/","pub",,"","",,,,,,"",,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,,,,"","",,"","","",,,"2",,,"PD , JA2 , VH","P Demography, epidemiology, and history > Epidemiology -- J Health care, prevention and rehabilitation > Health services, drugs and alcohol research","VA Geographic area > Europe","Epidemiology -- Health services, drugs and alcohol research","Europe","Hartnoll Richard , European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","0","no" "5771",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"JA2",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "5771",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"VH",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,